The Ptolemaic Army: Greek Pharaohs and Mercenary Power

Akhenaten and the Aten: Egypt’s Heretic Pharaoh’s Religious Revolution

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the radical reign of Akhenaten, the pharaoh who abandoned Egypt’s traditional pantheon to worship the Aten, the sun disk. They discuss his construction of a new capital at Akhetaten (modern Amarna), the artistic revolution that produced the distinctive Amarna style, and the political and religious upheaval that followed. The episode covers key figures like Nefertiti, the possible co-regent Smenkhkare, and the mysterious successor Tutankhaten—who later changed his name to Tutankhamun and restored the old gods. Lucas explains the evidence from the Amarna Letters, the boundary stelae, and the tomb of the Vizier Ramose, while also addressing debates about Akhenaten’s monotheism versus henotheism, his possible medical conditions, and the damnatio memoriae that erased him from history. A focused look at one of Egypt’s most controversial and fascinating rulers. #Akhenaten #Aten #AmarnaPeriod #Nefertiti #Tutankhamun #AncientEgypt #EgyptianReligion #Monotheism #AmarnaLetters #BoundaryStelae #AmarnaArt #DamnatioMemoriae #NewKingdom #EighteenthDynasty #TellElAmarna #Smenkhkare #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Hatshepsut: Egypt's Female Pharaoh Who Became a King

Hatshepsut is one of ancient Egypt's most fascinating figures. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how a woman became pharaoh in the 18th Dynasty, ruled for over 20 years, and transformed Egypt. They discuss her divine birth narrative at her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri, her expedition to the land of Punt, her massive building projects including the Red Chapel at Karnak, and her innovative use of art and propaganda to legitimise her rule. They also cover the damnatio memoriae campaign against her after her death, likely by her successor Thutmose III. Along the way, they touch on key figures like Senenmut, her chief steward and possible lover, and the oracle of Amun at Karnak. No previous episode has focused on Hatshepsut, making this a fresh angle in the show's arc. #Hatshepsut #ThutmoseIII #DeirElBahri #Punt #Senenmut #Karnak #RedChapel #Egyptology #FemalePharaoh #18thDynasty #NewKingdom #AmunRa #DivineBirth #DamnatioMemoriae #AncientEgypt #Pharaohs #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Famine Stela: How Khnum Saved Egypt During a 7-Year Drought

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Famine Stela, a remarkable inscription from the Ptolemaic period carved on Sehel Island near Aswan. The stela claims that the god Khnum ended a seven-year famine during the reign of King Djoser of the Third Dynasty, around 2700 BCE. But how much of this story is historical memory and how much is priestly propaganda from the time of Ptolemy V? Lucas unpacks the stela's description of a desperate drought, the Nilometer at Elephantine, and the temple lands that Khnum supposedly returned to the priesthood. He also discusses the discoveries of Sehel Island's rock inscriptions and the ongoing debate among Egyptologists about whether a real famine actually occurred in Djoser's reign. From the granite quarries of Aswan to the cult center of Khnum at Esna, this episode reveals how a sacred text can blur the line between history, theology, and political maneuvering. #FamineStela #Khnum #Djoser #SehelIsland #Elephantine #Nilometer #PtolemyV #OldKingdom #PtolemaicPeriod #Egyptology #AncientDrought #RosettaStone #Satet #Anuket #Aswan #NorthAfrica #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Great Harris Papyrus: Ramesses III's Temple Economy

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Great Harris Papyrus, a 40-meter-long document from the reign of Ramesses III that inventories the vast wealth of Egypt's temples. Discover how this ancient administrative record reveals the economic power of the priesthood, the scale of temple landholdings, and the distribution of offerings. Learn about the Papyrus's discovery in a tomb at Medinet Habu, its role in legitimizing Ramesses IV's succession, and what it tells us about state-temple relations in the Twentieth Dynasty. A look at Egypt's most detailed ancient balance sheet and its implications for understanding pharaonic power. #GreatHarrisPapyrus #RamessesIII #RamessesIV #MedinetHabu #TempleEconomy #AncientAdministration #Thebes #TwentiethDynasty #AmunRa #Priesthood #EgyptianTemples #Papyrus #NewKingdom #Egyptology #FexingoHistory #History #NorthAfrica #AncientEgypt Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Meroitic Script: Kush's Undeciphered Writing System

In Episode 170 of The History of Egypt, Lucas and Luna journey south to explore the Meroitic script, the still-partially-undeciphered writing system of the Kingdom of Kush. After the Kushite pharaohs of the 25th Dynasty returned to Napata and later Meroë, they developed their own language and script to express a distinct Nubian identity. Lucas explains the two forms of Meroitic: a hieroglyphic script used for monumental inscriptions, and a cursive form for everyday documents. He highlights the breakthrough of Francis Llewellyn Griffith, who deciphered the script's phonetic values in 1909 using funerary inscriptions with known names. But the meaning of most Meroitic words remains a mystery, as no bilingual Rosetta Stone equivalent has been found. Luna asks about recent efforts, leading to a discussion of the Meroitic Language Foundation and crowdsourced transcription projects. The episode touches on key sites like Meroë, Naga, and Musawwarat es-Sufra, and mentions rulers such as King Arikamaninote and Queen Amanitore. The hosts reflect on what the script reveals about Kushite culture, trade, and Egyptian influences, and why deciphering it could reshape our understanding of ancient Africa. #MeroiticScript #KingdomOfKush #Meroë #AncientNubia #FrancisGriffith #Arikamaninote #Amanitore #Napata #Naga #MusawwaratEsSufra #Decipherment #25thDynasty #UndecipheredScripts #Egyptology #AncientLanguages #AfricanHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]