The Poison King Mithridates VI and the Hellenistic World

The Siege of Halicarnassus 334 BC Alexander's Forgotten Battle

Before Issus and Gaugamela, before the epic sieges of Tyre and Gaza, Alexander faced his first serious test of urban warfare at Halicarnassus in 334 BC. This episode of What Happened After Alexander the Great Died takes you deep into that overlooked campaign. Lucas and Luna explore how the Persian satrap Orontobates and the Greek mercenary commander Memnon of Rhodes mounted a desperate defense of the Carian capital. They examine the role of Artemisia II — a Carian queen who defied Persian norms a century earlier — and how her legacy shaped the city's resistance. They discuss the innovative siege tactics Alexander employed, including siege towers, mining operations, and the use of his elite hypaspists. They also untangle the political aftermath: how Alexander installed Ada of Caria as satrap, granting her autonomy while securing his supply lines. This episode covers the battle's tactical details, the strategic importance of Caria, and the broader implications for Alexander's campaign against the Achaemenid Empire. A must-listen for anyone fascinated by ancient warfare, military strategy, or the early years of Alexander's conquest. #AlexanderTheGreat #SiegeOfHalicarnassus #BattleOfHalicarnassus #MemnonOfRhodes #Orontobates #AdaOfCaria #ArtemisiaII #Caria #AchaemenidEmpire #HecatomnidDynasty #Hypaspists #SiegeWarfare #AncientGreece #MacedonianEmpire #AncientHistory #FexingoHistory #Podcast #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Ptolemy Soter's Forgotten War: The Struggle for Syria

In the decades after Alexander the Great's death, his former generals fought not only for control of his empire but for the wealthiest land in the eastern Mediterranean: Coele-Syria. This episode tells the story of the First Syrian War (274–271 BCE), the opening clash between Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt and Antiochus I Soter of the Seleucid Empire. We follow the campaign that saw Ptolemaic armies push into Seleucid territory, the naval battle of Cos, and the diplomatic maneuvering that reshaped the region. Along the way, we meet the mysterious 'Syrian tetrapolis,' the fortress of Apamea, and the Ptolemaic queen Arsinoe II, whose influence may have turned the tide. Lucas and Luna explore how this war set the pattern for a century of conflict, why Ptolemy II was called 'Philadelphus' (sister-loving), and how the rivalry between these two Hellenistic superpowers created the conditions for the rise of Rome. Specific details include the Battle of Cos (c. 258 BCE), the role of the Ptolemaic navy, and the territorial prizes that made Syria a battleground for generations. #PtolemyII #AntiochusI #FirstSyrianWar #CoeleSyria #PtolemaicKingdom #SeleucidEmpire #ArsinoeII #BattleOfCos #HellenisticPeriod #Diadochi #AncientNavalWarfare #SyrianTetrapolis #Apamea #HellenisticEgypt #AlexandersSuccessors #AncientHistory #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Berenice the Savior: Ptolemy's Forgotten Wife

Ptolemy I Soter, the shrewd general who stole Alexander's body and founded the Ptolemaic dynasty, did not rule alone. His third wife, Berenice I, was a formidable figure who helped secure the throne for her son and became the ancestor of a line of Ptolemaic queens. This episode explores Berenice's rise from a minor noblewoman to queen consort, her role in the bloody succession after Ptolemy I's death, and how she was later worshipped as a goddess under the name Berenice Soteira (the Savior). We discuss the political marriages of the early Ptolemies, the murder of Ptolemy I's eldest son by Eurydice, and the cult of the Theoi Soteres. Berenice's story reveals the power of royal women in the Hellenistic world and the ruthless family politics of Alexandria. #BereniceI #PtolemyISoter #PtolemaicDynasty #Diadochi #Hellenistic #Alexandria #BereniceSoteira #TheoiSoteres #Eurydice #ArsinoeII #PtolemyII #Magas #Cyrene #WomenInHistory #HellenisticQueens #Succession #AncientHistory #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Ptolemy I Soter: The General Who Stole Alexander's Body

In this episode of What Happened After Alexander the Great Died, Lucas and Luna explore one of the most audacious political maneuvers of the early Hellenistic period: Ptolemy I Soter's hijacking of Alexander the Great's funeral cortege in 322 BCE. They trace how Ptolemy, a childhood friend and trusted general of Alexander, intercepted the golden sarcophagus en route to Macedon and brought it to Memphis, then later to Alexandria, where it became the centerpiece of a dynastic cult. The conversation covers Ptolemy's shrewd use of Alexander's legacy to legitimize his own rule in Egypt, the construction of the Soma (Alexander's tomb), and the political and religious implications of controlling the conqueror's remains. They also discuss the later fates of the tomb—visited by Julius Caesar and Augustus, then lost to history—and the recent archaeological searches for Alexander's final resting place. The episode weaves together accounts from Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, and the Alexander Romance, offering a fresh angle on how a single act of theft shaped the politics of the successor kingdoms. #PtolemyISoter #AlexanderTheGreat #Diadochi #TombOfAlexander #HellenisticEgypt #Soma #Alexandria #Memphis #PtolemaicDynasty #AlexanderRomance #DiodorusSiculus #Strabo #JuliusCaesar #Augustus #AncientHistory #HellenisticPeriod #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Hellenistic Economy: Trade Routes After Alexander

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the commercial networks that emerged in the wake of Alexander's conquests. They trace how Greek merchants, bankers, and entrepreneurs transformed the economic landscape from the Mediterranean to Central Asia. The conversation covers the rise of new trading hubs like Seleucia on the Tigris and Alexandria, the standardization of coinage under the Attic standard, the role of the royal banks in financing wars and infrastructure, and the flow of luxury goods—spices, silk, ivory, and glass—across vast distances. They also delve into the discovery of the Ai Khanoum treasure hoard and what it reveals about long-distance trade, and discuss the economic policies of the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires. Specific terms include tetradrachm, emporion, trapezitai, and the Ptolemaic closed currency system. #HellenisticEconomy #TradeRoutes #SeleucidEmpire #PtolemaicKingdom #AiKhanoum #Coinage #Tetradrachm #SilkRoad #LuxuryGoods #Alexandria #SeleuciaOnTheTigris #AncientBanking #EconomicHistory #AtticStandard #History #FexingoHistory #AncientEconomy #MediterraneanHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]