The Requerimiento: Spain's Legal Farce of Conquest

Huexotzinco: The Aztec Subsistence Tribute State

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Huexotzinco, a powerful city-state in the Valley of Puebla that maintained its autonomy through a complex system of subsistence tribute payments to the Aztec Triple Alliance. Unlike conquered provinces that paid regular tributes, Huexotzinco provided only symbolic offerings during specific religious festivals, leveraging its strategic location and military strength. The discussion covers the political maneuvering between Huexotzinco, Tlaxcala, and Tenochtitlan, the role of the Calpulli tribute system, and how the Spanish conquest disrupted these delicate arrangements. Lucas explains the Florentine Codex references, the Matrícula de Tributos, and the significance of the quauhpilolli tax. The episode also touches on modern archaeological work at the site, including the Huexotzinco Codex and the colonial-era lawsuits that preserved indigenous tribute records. This deep dive reveals the nuance of Aztec imperial economics beyond simple tribute extraction. #Huexotzinco #AztecEmpire #Tribute #Mesoamerica #FlorentineCodex #MatrículaDeTributos #Calpulli #Quauhpilolli #Tlaxcala #Tenochtitlan #ValleyOfPuebla #CodexHuexotzinco #NewSpain #IndigenousHistory #Conquest #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Cempoala's Cacique Gordo: The Totonac Revolt Against Aztec Rule

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the pivotal role of Cempoala and its ruler, the Cacique Gordo, in the Spanish conquest of Mexico. They discuss how the Totonac people, weary of Aztec tribute demands, allied with Hernán Cortés in 1519, providing him with thousands of warriors and porters. The episode delves into the politics of tribute as recorded in the Matrícula de Tributos, the experiences of indigenous tameme carriers, and the complex motivations of the Totonac leaders. Lucas also examines Cortés's manipulation of local grievances, the battle of Cempoala, and the subsequent establishment of Villa Rica de la Veracruz. The conversation touches on the Florentine Codex accounts, the role of Malintzin as interpreter, and the long-term consequences for the Totonac people under Spanish rule. Listeners will gain insight into how indigenous allies were crucial to Cortés's success and the tragic irony of their collaboration. #Cempoala #CaciqueGordo #Totonac #HernanCortes #AztecEmpire #MatriculaDeTributos #Tameme #VillaRicaDeLaVeracruz #FlorentineCodex #Malintzin #Conquistadors #Mesoamerica #TributeSystem #IndigenousAllies #SpanishConquest #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

La Malinche Interpreter Traitor or Survivor

In this episode of The Conquistadors, we explore the life and legacy of Malintzin—better known as La Malinche—the Indigenous woman who served as Hernán Cortés's interpreter, advisor, and intermediary during the conquest of the Aztec Empire. We trace her journey from a Nahua noble girl sold into slavery to her pivotal role in the Spanish-Aztec negotiations, battles, and the fall of Tenochtitlan. We discuss the Florentine Codex accounts, the Lienzo de Tlaxcala depictions, and the contested historical memory of Malintzin as both a traitor and a survivor. We also examine the Nahuatl word 'malinchismo' and how her story has been used in Mexican national identity debates. Join Lucas and Luna as they unpack the complexities of this crucial figure who navigated a world of violence, translation, and cultural collision. #Malintzin #LaMalinche #Cortes #Conquistadors #Aztec #Nahuatl #FlorentineCodex #LienzodeTlaxcala #Tenochtitlan #Interpreter #MexicanHistory #Colonialism #IndigenousWomen #Mesoamerica #Conquest #Translation #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Cortés and the Tlaxcalan Alliance: A Marriage of Convenience

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the pivotal alliance between Hernán Cortés and the Tlaxcalan republic, which turned the tide of the Spanish conquest of Mexico. They discuss how the Tlaxcalans, bitter enemies of the Aztec Triple Alliance, initially fought the Spanish before forging a partnership that would bring down Tenochtitlan. The episode covers the key figures, including Xicotencatl the Elder and his son Xicotencatl the Younger, who led the fierce resistance before negotiating peace. Lucas explains the strategic calculations on both sides: Cortés needed allies after being blocked by the Aztecs, and the Tlaxcalans saw an opportunity to overthrow their Aztec overlords. They delve into the Battle of Tecóac, the negotiations at Tlaxcala, and the subsequent joint march to Tenochtitlan. The hosts also reflect on the long-term consequences, as Tlaxcala retained special privileges under Spanish rule while becoming a launching pad for further conquests. This episode offers a nuanced look at a critical turning point in the conquest narrative, emphasizing Indigenous agency and political strategy. #Tlaxcala #Xicotencatl #Cortés #AztecAlliance #ConquestOfMexico #Tecóac #Malintzin #Tenochtitlan #TlaxcalanAlliance #Mesoamerica #SpanishConquest #IndigenousAllies #XicotencatlTheElder #XicotencatlTheYounger #BattleOfTecóac #Cempoala #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Siege of Tenochtitlan's Secret Weapon: Smallpox and Epidemics in the Conquest

When Hernán Cortés and his Indigenous allies besieged Tenochtitlan in 1521, they had a secret ally they barely understood: smallpox. This episode explores the role of epidemic disease in the fall of the Aztec Empire, focusing on the 1520 smallpox outbreak that killed Moctezuma's successor Cuitláhuac and devastated the city's defenders. We discuss the arrival of smallpox with the Pánfilo de Narváez expedition, the cocoliztli epidemics that followed, and how disease may have killed more people than swords and arquebuses combined. Drawing on the Florentine Codex and modern paleopathological research, we examine how native populations with no prior exposure suffered mortality rates as high as 50%, while the Spanish carried partial immunity. The conversation also touches on the biological exchange of the Columbian Exchange and the ethical questions it raises. A sobering look at how microbes shaped the conquest as much as men did. #Smallpox #Cocoliztli #Tenochtitlan #HernanCortes #Cuauhtemoc #Cuitlahuac #FlorentineCodex #Pandemic #Mesoamerica #AztecEmpire #ColumbianExchange #Epidemic #BernalDiaz #Narvaez #History #FexingoHistory #NewSpain #Conquistadors Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]