Spain’s Forgotten Role in the American Revolution | S1E23 AAR

Spain’s Forgotten Role in the American Revolution | S1E23 AAR

Spain helped the American Revolution—but not because it believed in American independence. Rather, because it wanted revenge against Britain, recovery of lost territory, and protection of its own empire. In this interview, we look at covert aid, Spanish money at Yorktown, Bernardo de Gálvez, and why Spain refused to formally ally with the United States. 📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview transcript & takeaways: COMING SOON 🚩About My 219th Guest: Dr. Gonzalo Quintero Dr. Gonzalo M. Quintero Saravia is a career diplomat and historian. Since 2022, he has served as Director of Relations with the Holy See and Director of the Pious Society of the Holy Places at Spain’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Among his many diplomatic appointments, he served as Deputy Head of Mission at the Embassy of Spain in Lima, Peru, and previously as Counselor at the Embassy of Spain to the United States in Washington, D.C. Dr. Quintero has been a Fellow at Harvard University's Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, a Corresponding Member of the Spanish Royal Academy of History, and a Corresponding Member of the Colombian Academy of History. In addition to his diplomatic and academic achievements, he has lectured and published extensively on the history of the relationship between Spain and the United States. His books include: 1) "Bernardo de Gálvez: Spanish Hero of the American Revolution," which received the Distinguished Book Award from the Society for Military History, 2) "Spain and the American Revolution: New Approaches and Perspectives (The Revolutionary Age)." His forthcoming book's working title: "Spain and the Global Struggle for U.S. Independence" ▶️Other Related AAR Interviews: COMING SOON ****************** ▶️About Featured Image: Image of Adel Aali (program host) and his guest, Dr. Gonzalo Quintero, superimposed on the Betsy Ross flag, along with the cover image of Dr. Quintero's book "Bernardo de Gálvez: Spanish Hero of the American Revolution". ***** 🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aarevolution-iq/] ***** 🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://www.youtube.com/@UCG7dqG9iXCn7G6Zk9CYm68A ] 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://open.spotify.com/show/7hOxTKzLL18ffv5BajVdTD] 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aar-newsletter/] ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Selected Highlights 01:38 Guest Introduction 3:47 Spain After 1763 10:26 Spain and the Colonies 12:52 Bernardo de Gálvez 26:53 A Chance to Hurt Britain 29:36 Secret Aid 34:18 Spanish Support 36:13 Spain Enters the War 38:37 A Global Conflict 41:02 Gálvez Goes to War 44:21 Spain and Yorktown 48:29 Why No Alliance? 56:59 Gálvez Remembered 1:01:52 Spain Forgotten 1:06:20 Just One Point ***** 📽️This video is made with Filmora. ☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos: ►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support AAR⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/support-aar/]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/support-aar/]. *****

Religion and the Revolution: Why the Founders Rejected a National Church | S1E22 AAR

The Founders rejected a national church. Not because religion was unimportant, but because they feared it could divide and destroy the fragile new republic. The American Revolution was fought by Protestants, Catholics, Jews, and even pacifist groups that struggled over whether to support the war. This conversation challenges some of the most common assumptions about religion, religious freedom, and America's founding. 📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview transcript & takeaways: https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/religion-and-the-revolution-why-the-founders-rejected-a-national-church/ 🚩About My 218th Guest: Dr. Kate Carté Dr. Kate Carté [https://www.smu.edu/dedman/academics/departments/history/people/faculty/katecarte] is a Professor of History at Southern Methodist University, where she specializes in early American and Atlantic history. Her research and teaching interests center on the role of religion in the early modern Atlantic world, especially as it intersects with political and economic developments. Dr. Carté has published extensively on these subjects, including the following books that we discuss in this interview: --"Religion and the American Revolution: An Imperial History", and --"Religion and Profit: Moravians in Early America" ▶️Other Related AAR Interviews: ►Moravians in The Austrian Empire Dr. Jonathan Singerton: Habsbrug Monarchy [https://AnalyzingAmericanRevolution.com ] ****************** ▶️About Featured Image: Image of Adel Aali (program host) and his guest, Dr. Kate Carté, superimposed on the Betsy Ross flag, along with the cover image of Dr. Carté's book "Religion and the American Revolution: An Imperial History". ***** 🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aarevolution-iq/] ***** 🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://www.youtube.com/@UCG7dqG9iXCn7G6Zk9CYm68A ] 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://open.spotify.com/show/7hOxTKzLL18ffv5BajVdTD] 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aar-newsletter/] ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Selected Highlights 01:56 Guest Introduction 03:30 Colonial Religious Landscape 06:33 Religious Geography of the Colonies 09:31 Established Churches and Toleration 16:35 Moravians and the Great Awakening 26:52 Religion and the British Empire 33:42 Why Britain Accepted Diversity 41:50 Religion and Revolutionary Allegiances 48:11 Catholics, Jews, and Citizenship 50:51 Quakers, Moravians, and War 53:00 Religion After the Revolution 1:05:06 Just One Point ***** 📽️This video is made with Filmora. ☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos: ►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support AAR⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/support-aar/]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/support-aar/]. *****

The American Revolution Myth We Learned Wrong | S1E21 AAR

The Quartering Act. Forced British soldiers into colonial homes. A major cause of the American Revolution. At least, that's the story many Americans learned. The reality is far more surprising. The law specifically directed soldiers to barracks, taverns, and public buildings—not private homes—and even King George III rejected proposals that would have allowed forced quartering in houses. The controversy was less about soldiers occupying bedrooms and more about taxation, public authority, and the changing meaning of private space in colonial America. 📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview transcript & takeaways [https://bit.ly/AAR-SE121-QuarteringActs-3rdAmendment] 🚩About My 217th Guest: Dr. John G. McCurdy ⁠Dr. John G. McCurdy⁠ [https://www.emich.edu/history-philosophy/history/faculty/j-mccurdy.php] is a Professor and Graduate Coordinator at the Department of History and Philosophy of Eastern Michigan University. He specializes in colonial and Revolutionary America, gender, and LGBTQ+ history, and his research explores the cultural history of the eighteenth-century Anglo Atlantic. Dr. McCurdy has published extensively on these subjects, including the following books: --"Vicious and Immoral: Homosexuality, the American Revolution, and the Trials of Robert Newburgh" (this interview) --"Citizen Bachelors: Manhood and the Creation of the United States" (this interview) --"Quarters: The Accommodation of the British Army and the Coming of the American Revolution" (Part II of this interview) ▶️Other Related AAR Interviews: ►Dr. McCurdy Part I - Homosexuality: British Empire vs. American Colonies [https://bit.ly/AAR-Podcast-S1E20-Homosexuality-SingleMen] ►Dr. Richard Bell - King George III [https://bit.ly/AAR-Podcast-S1E13-Britain-KG3] ►Dr. Kathleen Brown - ⁠Women, Race and Revolution ⁠ [https://bit.ly/AAR-S1E16-Women-Revolution] ****************** ▶️About Featured Image: Image of Adel Aali (program host) and his guest, Dr. John G. McCurdy, superimposed on the Betsy Ross flag, along with the cover image of Dr. McCurdy's book "Quarters: The Accommodation of the British Army and the Coming of the American Revolution". ***** 🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aarevolution-iq/] ***** 🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://www.youtube.com/@UCG7dqG9iXCn7G6Zk9CYm68A ] 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://open.spotify.com/show/7hOxTKzLL18ffv5BajVdTD] 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aar-newsletter/] ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Selected Highlights 01:10 Guest Introduction 02:45 What the Third Amendment Says 03:05 Were Soldiers Forced Into Colonial Homes? 03:43 The Seven Years' War Changes Everything 04:08 Why Americans Built Military Barracks 05:09 How Quartering Actually Worked 05:47 The Story Behind "Quarters" 06:49 The Quartering Act Myth 07:58 What the Quartering Act Really Said 10:01 Why Colonists Still Opposed the Law 12:11 Private Space, Public Space, and the Revolution 13:32 Why American Cities Rejected Military Barracks 15:19 Just One Point 15:30 The Real Legacy of the Quartering Act 15:45 The Third Amendment Reconsidered ***** 📽️This video is made with Filmora. ☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos: ►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support AAR⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/support-aar/]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/support-aar/]. *****

Homosexuality, Single Men and the American Revolution | S1E20 AAR

A secret homosexuality trial inside the British Army. Single men taxed but denied the vote. Colonies that feared unmarried men more than same-sex relationships. This interview examines parts of Revolutionary America that most Americans never learned in school: how rumors, sexuality, bachelorhood, military service, and citizenship shaped colonial society during the American Revolution. The conversation also examines why some Americans quietly tolerated what Britain increasingly tried to suppress — and how the Revolution itself changed the status of single men in the new United States. 📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview transcript & takeaways⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://bit.ly/AAR-S1E20-Homosexuality-SingleMen] 🚩About My 217th Guest: Dr. John G. McCurdy Dr. John G. McCurdy [https://www.emich.edu/history-philosophy/history/faculty/j-mccurdy.php] is a Professor and Graduate Coordinator at the Department of History and Philosophy of Eastern Michigan University. He specializes in colonial and Revolutionary America, gender, and LGBTQ+ history, and his research explores the cultural history of the eighteenth-century Anglo Atlantic. Dr. McCurdy has published extensively on these subjects, including the following books: --"Vicious and Immoral: Homosexuality, the American Revolution, and the Trials of Robert Newburgh" (this interview) --"Citizen Bachelors: Manhood and the Creation of the United States" (this interview) --"Quarters: The Accommodation of the British Army and the Coming of the American Revolution" (Part II of this interview) ▶️Other Related AAR Interviews: ►Dr. McCurdy Part II - coming on Fri., May 29 ►Dr. Kathleen Brown - Women, Race and Revolution [https://bit.ly/AAR-S1E16-Women-Revolution] ****************** ▶️About Featured Image: Image of Adel Aali (program host) and his guest, Prof. Joel Richard Paul, superimposed on the Betsy Ross flag, along with images of a man dressed as a macaroni with huge wig topped by a small tricorn hat, and carrying a tasseled cane and sword. This image is a satire of fashion in the 18th century, and the man is also referred to as a "fop". Also in this image are covers of two books by Dr. John G. McCurdy, our program guest: "Vicious and Immoral: Homosexuality, the American Revolution, and the Trials of Robert Newburgh", and "Citizen Bachelors: Manhood and the Creation of the United States". All images in public domain. ***** 🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aarevolution-iq/] ***** 🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://www.youtube.com/@UCG7dqG9iXCn7G6Zk9CYm68A ] 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://open.spotify.com/show/7hOxTKzLL18ffv5BajVdTD] 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aar-newsletter/] ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Selected Highlights 01:25 Guest Introduction 02:49 Homosexuality in colonial America 05:41 Proving and punishing sodomy 09:53 Rich homosexuals 11:05 Robert Newburgh's trial 19:55 No natural order 23:36 A capital crime 25:17 Citizen bachelors 29:47 Single men military service 34:49 Changes after Revolution 36:31 Just One Point ***** 📽️This video is made with Filmora. ☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos: ►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support AAR [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/support-aar/]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/support-aar/]. *****

The Bizarre Plot That Armed the American Revolution | S1E19 AAR

Royal blackmail. A cross-dressing spy-decorated soldier diplomat. A ruined American patriot. A genius playwright, clockmaker. Spies. Secret arms deals. Before the Franco-American alliance became official, the American Revolution survived because of a desperate covert operation stretching from Philadelphia to Paris and London. A Connecticut shopkeeper with no diplomatic experience, a flamboyant French playwright, and one of the strangest figures in European history helped smuggle weapons to the colonies while British spies followed their every move. Their unbelievable personal stories did not merely surround the American Revolution — they helped shape its outcome. 📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview transcript & takeaways⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/revolutionary-era-blog/] 🚩About My Guest: Prof. Joel Richard Paul Joel Richard Paul is emeritus professor of international law at UC Law, San Francisco, where he teaches and writes about constitutional law, international business and trade, and foreign relations and national security law. In addition to his legal career, and relevant to our program, Prof. Paul is a historian and has written the following books 1. "Without Precedent: Chief Justice John Marshall and His Times", 2. "Indivisible: Daniel Webster and the Birth of American Nationalism", a book that we discussed in the History Behind News program, and 3. "Unlikely Allies: How a Merchant, a Playwright, and a Spy Saved the American Revolution", which is the subject of this interview. You can learn more about Prof. Paul below: Academic Homepage [https://www.uclawsf.edu/people/joel-richard-paul/] Personal Website [https://joelrichardpaul.com/] ▶️Other Related AAR Interviews: ►Prof. Paul - History of Republican & Democratic Parties [https://bit.ly/HbN-S3E1-RepublicanDemocraticPartiesHistory] ****************** ▶️About Featured Image: Image of Adel Aali (program host) and his guest, Prof. Joel Richard Paul, superimposed on the Betsy Ross flag, along with images of Silas Deane (the shopkeeper), Pierre-Augustin de Beaumarchais (the playwright), and Chevalière d'Éon (the spy). All images are in the public domain. ***** 🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/] 📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aarevolution-iq/] ***** 🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://www.youtube.com/@UCG7dqG9iXCn7G6Zk9CYm68A ] 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://open.spotify.com/show/7hOxTKzLL18ffv5BajVdTD] 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aar-newsletter/] ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Selected Highlights 02:41 Guest Introduction 04:34 Prof. Paul's Initial Wow Moment 10:00 The Shopkeeper & Ben Franklin 11:05 The Shopkeeper, the Playwright & the Spy 14:46 The Improbable Diplomat 22:21 Alone in France 25:51 The French Genius 29:03 The Military Hero 35:39 Arming the Americans 49:31 Man or Woman? Millions at Stake! 1:01:57 Battle of Saratoga 1:06:14 The Powerful Lee Brothers 1:13:32 Betrayed & Destroyed 1:18:31 Was America's Diplomat Murdered? 1:24:21 Just One Point ***** 📽️This video is made with Filmora. ☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos: ►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****