Tierärztliche Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 07/07
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumour in adults with a median survival, despite of multimodal aggressive therapy, of only 15 months. Relapse occurs inevitably because of the infiltrative nature of GBM. To date, only the MGMT promoter methylation is a reliable marker for therapy sensitivity. Survival-associated prognostic factors as well as novel therapy targets are urgently needed. Multiple genetic and metabolic pathway alterations contribute to tumour progression and therapy resistance. Recently proposed CSC markers for solid cancers include the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily. This cytoplasmic enzyme family consists of 19 different isoforms. The ALDH enzymes act upon oxidative stress and participate in proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle arrest. The evolutionary conservation of the protein family enables comparative considerations of different species. In the presented study, isotype specific expression of ALDH is analysed in human GBM tumours and in two commonly used mouse GBM models. Expression of ALDH in the mouse models is then compared with the human GBM to find a suitable model for further research. The presented results indicate that there is, though challenging, a necessity for isotype specific analysis of ALDH expression. ALDH1A1 immunohistochemical expression in human PGBM was found primarily in the tumour adjacent region, whereas ALDH1A3 positive cells were more frequently found among tumour cells. Prognostic relevance for PGBM patients’ outcome was found for the ALDH1 immunohistochemical expression. Moreover, female PGBM patients were shown to have prolonged survival if neither ALDH1A1 nor ALDH1A3 expression is present. For male PGBM patients, ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 immunohistochemical expression could not be correlated to the medium overall survival. The reasons for this gender difference remain yet undetermined. Both the murine and the human GBM cells analysed in this thesis did not show ALDH1A1 immunohistochemical expression in cell culture or after implantation. The expression of ALDH1A3 is inhomogeneous in the analysed groups, raising further questions, which will be investigated in the future.The investigative approach of this thesis showed that the analysed canine GBM samples express ALDH1A3 but not ALDH1A1. This difference to human PGBM tumours in ALDH expression can help to understand more about the metabolic processes in tumour cells and the reactions to the tumour cells in the surrounding tissue. Finally, there are two particularly promising research subjects for future investigations: the gender specific prognostic power of ALDH expression in PGBM patients and the reason for the change in ALDH1A3 expression between in vitro and in vivo conditions. This knowledge can contribute to finding new targets for PGBM therapy and to prolonging patient survival.
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