S5E4: Endosymbiosis - How Complex Cells Came to Be

C5E6: Protists and Helminths

Chapter 5, Episode 6 In this episode we finish the chapter on eukaryotes by discussing algae, protozoa and helminths. We review the life cycle of Plasmodium, the protozoa that causes malaria, and cover the different classifications of helminths.

C5E5: The Fungus Among Us

Chapter 5, Episode 5 In this episode we explore the characteristics of microorganisms belonging to the kingdom of fungi. What makes them unique, what their morphologies are, the similarities between fungal cells and human cells, and the differences between fungal cells and bacteria. We also briefly touch on mycoses, the fungal pathogens, and end the episode with the benefits of fungi to humans and to our environment.

S5E4: Endosymbiosis - How Complex Cells Came to Be

Chapter 5, Episode 4 This episode introduces the Endosymbiotic Theory and explains how complex eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic ancestors. We briefly review the major groups of microbial eukaryotes and highlight the structural features, including mitochondria, chloroplasts, and membrane-bound organelles, that distinguish them from bacteria and influence how we treat eukaryotic pathogens.

C4E3: What's Inside That Counts

Chapter 4, Episode 3 This episode examines the internal structures of bacteria, including chromosomes, plasmids, ribosomes, and the powerful survival strategy of endospore formation. We also compare bacteria to archaea and introduce Bergey’s Manual as a tool for microbial identification in clinical and lab settings.

C4E2: The Outer Limits

Chapter 4, Episode 2 We dive into the external structures that help bacteria move, attach, exchange genes, and survive. From flagella and chemotaxis to pili, capsules, and the Gram-positive vs. Gram-negative cell envelope, this episode connects structure to staining, antibiotic susceptibility, and disease severity.