The Knights of the Golden Circle: A Secret Filibustering Order Almost Built an Empire of Slavery

The Reluctant Patriarch: Richard Lee II and the Lees of Virginia

This is the tale of how the Lee Family of Virginia became a fledgling American aristocracy after Richard Lee I died in 1664, leaving behind the foundations of a great family fortune: a large commercial and landholding empire divided between Virginia and London. In this episode, we dive into how Richard Lee II, known as Richard the Scholar, became the patriarch and guided his family into becoming a dynasty, while navigating crises like Bacon's Rebellion and the Glorious Revolution, always working to preserve the family estates and secure their future for later generations, including great men like Thomas Lee, Richard Henry Lee, and Francis Lightfoot Lee. Subscribe for more deep-dive history: https://www.youtube.com/@realTheOldWorldShow [https://www.youtube.com/@realTheOldWorldShow] Listen ad-free here: Who was the real driving force behind the famous Lee Family of Virginia? While Colonel Richard Lee "The Emigrant" built a staggering transatlantic shipping and tobacco empire involving 15,000 acres of land, multiple ships, and a London headquarters, the true test of the dynasty belonged to the children he left behind in the wild country of the Northern Neck, particularly his second-oldest son, Richard "the Scholar" Lee. In this long-form historical podcast about the Lee family, we investigate the dramatic, often-overlooked history of the second generation of that dynasty that later proved so influential in American history, particularly during the American Revolution. We track the contrasting lives of the sons of Richard Lee I: John Lee, the Oxford-educated "Golden Boy" who created America's very first country club before dying young; Francis Lee, the calculating London merchant who built a great fortune but fell out of the family; and the central patriarch, Richard Lee II—"The Scholar in the Wilderness". Richard Lee II was a pious and private man who much preferred his library of 300 books to the chaos of colonial politics and fortune building. Yet, following his brother's sudden death, he was dragged from his study to lead the family through the bloodiest upheavals in early American history—enduring a harrowing imprisonment during Bacon's Rebellion and an almost career-ending standoff in the Glorious Revolution, before later working with the Fairfax family to bring order and aristocracy to the Northern Neck. Finally, we uncover how feuding over a poorly written will helped him set up the third generation of Lees for success, and how Richard II's legacy as the unwilling but dutiful patriarch of the Lees of Virginia ought be considered and remembered. CHAPTERS: 0:00 The Death of Richard Lee I 1:37 The Lee Family's Second Generation 6:07 John Lee, the Golden Son 11:21 Francis Lee: Critical Merchant Across the Atlantic 15:22 "The Scholar": Richard Lee II Takes Charge 22:07 The Cousinage: Richard Lee's Marriage Into the Corbin Family 26:10 How Richard Lee II Stood Down Bacon's Rebellion 33:10 Richard Lee II's Glorious Revolution Crisis 37:18 The Dynasty Solidifies: Fighting for Family Lands 43:30 The Lee Family of Virginia: Richard Lee II's Lasting Legacy Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 [https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9] Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF [https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF] Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe [https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe] Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN [https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN] Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 [https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4] Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR [https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR] Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z [https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z] McGaughy, J. Kent: Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ewtGA4 [https://amzn.to/4ewtGA4] Image credits: Lee Family Coat of Arms based on Glasshouse using elements by Sodacan, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Theodor de Bry, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Lee Family of Virginia: Descended from a Norman Knight?

This episode examines the Lee family of Virginia and their claim to descend from a Norman named Reynard de Lega through the landed gentry of Shropshire, namely the Lees of Coton Hall and Nordley Regis, the arms of whom they long claimed, and to whom they insisted they were related. It traces the evidence that supported the pedigree, including a silver cup, a Latin inscription, a tombstone, heraldic writing, and a family Bible, all of which helped persuade the College of Heralds to confirm the Lee arms in 1930. The episode then turns to doubts raised by historians, including repeated place-name errors, such as "Morton Regis", and a genealogy based on an English letter that guessed at the family's earlier history. It then discussed a later investigation that used wills, baptismal records, probate files, and parish registers to argue that Richard Lee I was the son of a Worcester cloth merchant named John Lee and Jane Hancock rather than the Shropshire gentry. Finally, it discusses the generally merchant family origins of many of the First Families of Virginia, including the Carters, and how both those mercantile roots and the old Norman, gentry legend can be true because of how primogeniture operated in 17th century Britain and drove younger sons into trade and to America. 0:00 The Lee Family of Virginia's Norman Legend 2:42 The Lees of Coton Hall 8:33 The Evidence: A Cup and the College of Heralds 15:51 Tombstone Doubts 22:04 Thorndale's Genealogical Breakthrough 25:42 The Merchant Ancestry of the Lees Revealed 28:24 A Mixed Heritage Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 [https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9] Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF [https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF] Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe [https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe] Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790, https://amzn.to/4xs9gRt [https://amzn.to/4xs9gRt] Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN [https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN] Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 [https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4] Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR [https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR] Fischer, David Hackett: Albion's Seed, https://amzn.to/4gayayG [https://amzn.to/4gayayG] Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z [https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z] Image credits: Lee Family Coat of Arms based on Glasshouse using elements by Sodacan, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Richard Lee I, the Emigrant: Founder of the Lees of Virginia

This is the story of the dynast who founded the Lee Family of Virginia: Richard Lee I, also known as Richard Lee the Emigrant. In it we tell the story of his rise in Virginia, from his start as a Clerk of the Quarter Court and Indian trader to his time as great landed proprietor and Secretary of State of Virginia. We discuss his marriage to Anne Constable, how he accumulated landed wealth on a massive scale, and how he survived the Commonwealth and the Restoration. It's an exciting tale of frontier adventure, family triumph, and a great man whose bravery shaped America more than perhaps any other, through his descendants. 0:00 Arrival in Jamestown 3:23 The Lee Family: Cavaliers, Merchants, or Both? 8:13 Richard Lee Becomes a Merchant, and Heads to Virginia 11:53 How Richard Lee Got Ahead: Governor Francis Wyatt 15:31 Richard Marries Anne Constable 17:51 Lee Becomes a Leader of Virginia 25:33 Tobacco, Trade, and Indentures: How Richard Lee Built the Lee Family Fortune, Despite Indian Attacks 35:27 Richard Lee's Royal Mission to Breda 40:16 How Lee the Cavalier Survived the Commonwealth and Quietly Built a Fortune 45:00 The Stuart Restoration, and Lee Returns to Virginia 48:36 How Richard Lee I Ensured the Lees Would Become Famous Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 [https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9] Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF [https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF] Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe [https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe] Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790, https://amzn.to/4xs9gRt [https://amzn.to/4xs9gRt] Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN [https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN] Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 [https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4] Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR [https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR] Fischer, David Hackett: Albion's Seed, https://amzn.to/4gayayG [https://amzn.to/4gayayG] Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z [https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z] Image credits: Coton Hall north of Birdsgreen in Shropshire by Roger D Kidd, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons Glasshouse using elements by Sodacan, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Who Were the First Families of Virginia?

This episode introduces the First Families of Virginia, explaining how a small group of younger sons of the gentry and merchant families became a class of elite colonial families came to dominate first the Tidewater, and then Virginia. It begins by describing how younger sons hoped to rebuild themselves as landed gentlemen in the New World, and then discusses the debate over whether these First Families of Virginia were truly "Cavaliers" or whether that label stems from a later legend meant to shroud their humble origins. The episode then explains how these families used capital, trade, and officeholding to acquire huge riverfront estates, expand tobacco production, and eventually shift from indentured labor to enslaved African labor after Bacon's Rebellion and the Navigation Acts made the old system less profitable. It then profiles several of the most famous First Families of Virginia, including the Randolphs, Byrds, Harrisons, Ludwells, Burwells, Pages, Nelsons, Carters, Beverleys, Wormleys, Lees, Fitzhughs, and Custises, describing their marriage alliance, massive estates, political offices, commercial activity, and in some cases, their role in the Revolution. The conclusion of this episode covers the social peak and decline of the Virginia gentry. It describes how their intermarriages and grand brick plantation homes turned into lifestyles of debt that were wrecked by the effects of the American Revolution that the Virginia gentry did so much to lead, along with describing how soil exhaustion played a role in ending the reign of the old Virginia gentry. 0:00 Who Were The First Families of Virginia? 5:05 The History of the Virginia Cavaliers 8:35 The Younger Sons Form a Virginia Gentry 12:52 Land, Trade, and Slavery: The Basis of Financial Power for the FFVs 18:03 How the Virginia Gentry Dominated Local and State Politics 21:46 The Randolph Family of Virginia: The Adam and Eve of Virginia 22:47 The Byrd Family of Virginia: Fortune and Ruin 24:32 The Harrison Family 25:19 The Ludwell Family and Green Spring 26:26 The Burwell Family of Virginia 27:27 The Pages and Nelsons 29:03 The Carter Family of Virginia 31:32 The Beverlys and Wormeleys at Rosegill, 32:07 The Lees of Stratford Hall, and 34:08 the Fitzhughs 35:10 The Custis and Washington Families 37:03 Intermarriage Amongst the FFVs 39:07 Luxury and Debt End the Golden Age 43:26 Revolution and Collapse 46:46 Twilight of the Old Dominion 49:06 Virginia's Lasting Legacy Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790. Sydnor, Charles S.: Gentlemen Freeholders: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia, https://amzn.to/3QxjEXq [https://amzn.to/3QxjEXq] Isaac, Rhys: The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790, https://amzn.to/4ee2INl [https://amzn.to/4ee2INl] Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN [https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN] Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 [https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4] Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR [https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR] Fischer, David Hackett: Albion's Seed, https://amzn.to/4gayayG [https://amzn.to/4gayayG] Breen, T.H.: Tobacco Culture, https://amzn.to/4uuwvYy [https://amzn.to/4uuwvYy] Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z [https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z]

What Was Life Like Growing Up in Rhodesia During the Bush War? with Alice Henningway

Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/what-was-life-like-growing-up-in [https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/what-was-life-like-growing-up-in] If you are interested in what life was like in Rhodesia in the 1970s, during the height of the Bush War, from the perspective of a woman who grew up on a frontline farm often attacked, this is the interview for you! In this show, Alice Henningway tells Will what life was like in Rhodesia, where she grew up during the Bush War in the 1970s. Alice and Will discuss the dangerous reality of life on a farm during the Bush War, life after Rhodesia in Zimbabwe, and the unique culture of Rhodesia through the lens of her memoir "Nyika, I Love You". Alice also describes her family's relationship with the Shona people who worked on and lived near their farm on tribal trust land, the Shona traditions she learned there, her family's background, and how she experienced the sharp contrasts of Rhodesian society, which combined formal colonial life with the rigors and dangers of the Bush War, and the excitement of living on the frontier. Alice also describes her father's Save Valley Conservancy project, describing how it was transformed from cattle ranch land into conservation land. She describes the species reintroduced, how elephants were moved there, the reality of protecting rhinos from poachers, and how local communities are involved in the work. Toward the end, she reflects on leaving Zimbabwe and explains that her memoir is a record of her life and a tribute to the country, Nyika, and her family, while also mentioning her next books. Get "Nyika, I Love You" here: ⁠https://amzn.to/4uppLuF⁠ [https://amzn.to/4uppLuF] Get "Don't Let's Go to the Dogs Tonight": ⁠https://amzn.to/4xdFEqJ⁠ [https://amzn.to/4xdFEqJ] (I am an Amazon Associate and will receive a small commission if you use the above links to order these great books). Chapters 0:00 Alice's Rhodesian Childhood: What It Was Like to Grow Up on a Rhodesian Farm 3:57 Living on Tribal Trust Land 5:49 Crazy Encounters with Crocodiles and Hippos 8:15 The Roots of a Rhodesian Farming Family 10:05 The Incredible Reality of Rhodesian Culture 14:21 Life at a Rhodesian Country Club 17:24 Drinking, Horses, Polo, and More: Another Side of the Rhodesian Experience 21:14 What Life Was Like after Mugabe Took Power 23:45 The Save Valley Conservancy 32:19 Fun and Wild Animal Encounters: Drunk Elephants and Protected Rhinos 36:49 Building Relationships with Zimbabwean Villagers 41:53 What Is It Like to Lose One's Home? 46:18 Exile and Homesickness: The Rhodesian Expat Experience 49:19 "Nyika, I Love You", and Alice's Other Works 57:14 Closing Thoughts