Nestor Makhno and the Black Army: Anarchists vs Bolsheviks

The Latvian Riflemen: Lenin's Shock Troops

Before the Red Army had a unified command, Lenin relied on a single, fiercely loyal unit: the Latvian Riflemen. Originally formed by the Tsarist army to fight the Germans, these six regiments from the Baltic provinces became the Bolsheviks' most trusted force. They guarded the Kremlin, suppressed the Left SR uprising in July 1918, and fought on every major front of the Civil War—from Kazan to the Donbass. Their commander, Jukums Vācietis, was the first Soviet commander-in-chief, and his successor, Sergey Kamenev (not the Bolshevik politician), kept the Riflemen at the center of operations. Yet by 1920, their political reliability became a liability: Lenin feared a 'Latvian Bonaparte,' and the unit was slowly disbanded. This episode traces their journey from imperial cannon fodder to revolutionary elite, and asks whether they were heroes of the Revolution or instruments of terror. We also explore the strange fate of Vācietis, who survived the Cheka's prisons only to die in Stalin's purges. #LatvianRiflemen #JukumsVācietis #SergeyKamenev #RussianCivilWar #KremlinGuard #Cheka #RevolutionaryTerror #LeftSRUprising #Kazan #Donbass #Siberia #Latvia #Bolsheviks #Lenin #EasternEurope #History #FexingoHistory #RedArmy Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Lenin's Brain: The Autopsy, Eugenics, and a Soviet Cult of Genius

When Vladimir Lenin died in 1924, his brain was removed, sliced, and preserved, launching a decades-long Soviet research program to prove biological genius. This episode follows the strange afterlife of Lenin's brain: from the original autopsy by Alexei Abrikosov, through the creation of the Brain Institute, to the German neuroscientist Oskar Vogt who was brought to Moscow to examine Lenin's cerebral cortex. Vogt's claim that Lenin was a 'associative athlete' with unusually large pyramidal neurons fit Stalin's propaganda needs — and obscured a deeper scandal: Lenin had suffered from severe neurosyphilis, a fact his doctors had covered up. We explore the intersection of science, ideology, and macabre curiosity that turned a revolutionary's brain into a state relic, and why the research eventually collapsed in the 1930s. Featuring the terms: Brain Institute, Institut Mozga, Vogt, Abrikosov, pyramidal cells, neurosyphilis, and the tension between materialist science and the cult of personality. #LeninsBrain #InstitutMozga #OskarVogt #AlexeiAbrikosov #SovietScience #HistoryOfNeuroscience #BrainAutopsy #CultOfPersonality #RussianRevolution #SovietUnion #Neurosyphilis #Eugenics #Lenin #Communism #History #FexingoHistory #EasternEurope #20thCentury Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The First Red Cavalry: Budyonny's Cossacks at Tsaritsyn

In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into the brutal formation of Semyon Budyonny's Konarmiya, the First Red Cavalry Army, during the Battle of Tsaritsyn in 1918. They explore how a former Tsarist cavalry sergeant forged a mobile strike force from Don Cossacks, Kalmyks, and industrial workers, fighting against the White Volunteer Army of Anton Denikin. Lucas explains the strategic importance of Tsaritsyn (later Stalingrad) as a grain and oil hub, the role of Kliment Voroshilov and Stalin in the city's defense, and the harrowing winter campaigns across the steppe. The episode also touches on the brutal class warfare between Cossack veterans and Bolshevik commissars, the cavalry's later role in the Polish-Soviet War, and how Budyonny's legend was built through propaganda. Specific figures include Yefim Shchadenko, Joseph Stalin, and the writer Isaak Babel, who chronicled the Konarmiya's violence. This episode offers a ground-level view of how revolutionary armies were forged in blood and mud. #RedCavalry #Budyonny #Tsaritsyn #Stalin #Voroshilov #DonCossacks #Denikin #RussianCivilWar #Konarmiya #IsaakBabel #VolunteerArmy #KavaleriyskiyKorpus #1918 #Bolsheviks #WhiteArmy #EasternFront #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Green Armies: Peasant War Against Red and White

In the chaos of the Russian Civil War, a third force emerged—neither Red nor White, but Green. These peasant armies, known as the 'Green Armies' or 'Zelyonye,' fought desperately to protect their villages from grain requisitions, forced conscription, and the devastation of both Bolshevik and White armies. This episode explores the rise of the most famous Green leader, Nikifor Grigoriev, a former tsarist officer turned peasant warlord who briefly allied with the Bolsheviks before turning against them in a bloody uprising across southern Ukraine in 1919. We trace his shifting loyalties, his role in the Odessa campaign, and his eventual conflict with the anarchist Nestor Makhno. The Greens represented a spontaneous, decentralized rebellion—neither communist nor monarchist, but fiercely local, fighting for land, food, and survival. Their story reveals the true cost of the Civil War: millions of peasants caught between two ideological armies, their voices often erased from history. #GreenArmies #RussianCivilWar #Zelyonye #NikiforGrigoriev #PeasantUprising #Ukraine1919 #Odessa #AtamanGrigoriev #Makhno #Bolsheviks #Whites #GrainRequisition #WarCommunism #Anarchism #PeasantRebellion #CivilWarUkraine #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The First Red Cavalry: Cossacks, Class War and the Birth of Budyonny

In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into the story of the First Red Cavalry — the legendary mounted army that became the Bolsheviks' most mobile strike force during the Russian Civil War. We follow Semyon Budyonny from his Cossack origins through the formation of the Konarmiya in 1919, its brutal campaigns against Denikin and Wrangel, and the internal tensions between cavalry traditions and Communist ideology. We explore how Budyonny's horsemen — including figures like Kliment Voroshilov and political commissar Yefim Shchadenko — shaped the Red Army's identity, and how their victories at Tsaritsyn and in the Donbass helped turn the tide. We also touch on the legacy of Budyonny's cavalry in the Soviet imagination, from Isaak Babel's stories to Stalin's later purges. A look at how horses and revolution rode together. #RussianRevolution #SemyonBudyonny #FirstRedCavalry #Konarmiya #RussianCivilWar #Cossacks #Denikin #Wrangel #Tsaritsyn #Donbass #Voroshilov #Stalin #RedArmy #Cavalry #IsaakBabel #History #FexingoHistory #EasternEurope Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]