Assassinations and Accessibility: Mckinley, JFK, Reagan, & Shinzo Abe

Assassinations and Accessibility: Mckinley, JFK, Reagan, & Shinzo Abe

After every assassination, the same questions seem to follow. How did this happen? Why wasn't it prevented? What warning signs did people miss? From William McKinley in 1901 to John F. Kennedy in 1963, Ronald Reagan in 1981, and Shinzo Abe in 2022, each attack exposed vulnerabilities that suddenly seemed obvious in hindsight. Security systems changed. Procedures evolved. New lessons were learned. But what if the deeper story isn't about the attacks themselves? In this episode, we explore how societies learn from catastrophe, why institutions often become experts at preventing the last disaster, and what psychologists call the availability heuristic: our tendency to focus on the risks we can easily imagine while overlooking the ones we can't. Because the future rarely arrives in the form we expect. And sometimes the most important blind spots are hiding inside assumptions that feel perfectly reasonable today. Attribution Notes: * Every effort was made to cross-check primary sources and modern research. Where paraphrasing is used, it’s drawn from the texts below with narrative license for clarity and flow. * If you spot an error or have a source to suggest, DM @thisagainshow Follow This, Again on Instagram: @thisagainshow This, Again is written, produced, and hosted by Mallory Faust.  Sources and Further Reading: William McKinley Merry, Robert W. President McKinley: Architect of the American Century. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017. Library of Congress – William McKinley Papers https://www.loc.gov/collections/william-mckinley-papers/about-this-collection/ [https://www.loc.gov/collections/william-mckinley-papers/about-this-collection/] Miller, Scott. The President and the Assassin: McKinley, Terror, and Empire at the Dawn of the American Century. New York: Random House, 2011. John F. Kennedy Blaine, Gerald, and Lisa McCubbin. The Kennedy Detail: JFK's Secret Service Agents Break Their Silence. New York: Gallery Books, 2010. President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964. National Archives: https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/warren-commission-report [https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/warren-commission-report] Ronald Reagan Wilber, Del Quentin. Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronald Reagan. New York: Henry Holt, 2011. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum https://www.reaganlibrary.gov [https://www.reaganlibrary.gov] Shinzo Abe BBC News – Shinzo Abe assassination coverage https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62089486 [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62089486] https://www.bbc.com/news/62095447 [https://www.bbc.com/news/62095447] National Police Agency of Japan https://www.npa.go.jp/english/ [https://www.npa.go.jp/english/] Psychology, Risk & Organizational Learning Availability Heuristic Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman. "Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability." Cognitive Psychology 5, no. 2 (1973): 207–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9 [https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9] High Reliability Organizations Weick, Karl E., and Kathleen M. Sutcliffe. Managing the Unexpected: Sustained Performance in a Complex World. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2015. Publisher: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119175834?msockid=205e866215186a7d34b4951214346b54 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119175834?msockid=205e866215186a7d34b4951214346b54] Normal Accident Theory Perrow, Charles. Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7srgf [https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7srgf] Organizational Failure & Challenger Vaughan, Diane. The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo22781921.html [https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo22781921.html] Horizon Scanning & Future Risk National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Enhancing Horizon Scanning and Foresight Capacity of the Federal Government. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2020. Free Full Report: https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25729/enhancing-horizon-scanning-and-foresight-capacity-of-the-federal-government [https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25729/enhancing-horizon-scanning-and-foresight-capacity-of-the-federal-government] Black Swan Events Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. 2nd ed. New York: Random House, 2010. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/176226/the-black-swan-by-nassim-nicholas-taleb/ [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/176226/the-black-swan-by-nassim-nicholas-taleb/]

Pocahontas, Galileo, and Isaac Newton: Why We Change the Stories (1600s)

This week on This, Again, we look at three figures from the 1600s whose stories became cleaner, simpler, and easier to pass down over time: * Galileo Galilei * Pocahontas * Isaac Newton Galileo becomes the ultimate symbol of science versus religion, even though the reality was tangled up in politics, ego, public pressure, and institutional instability. Pocahontas becomes a romantic bridge between worlds, despite the fact that much of her life survives only through English interpretation, political messaging, and a story later generations softened into something easier to emotionally live with. Newton becomes the image of effortless genius, reduced to an apple falling from a tree, while the obsessive, competitive, deeply complicated person underneath that myth slowly fades into the background. But this episode isn’t really about “debunking” history. It’s about asking why stories evolve this way in the first place. Do we simplify history because we’re trying to manipulate people? Or because human beings naturally remember stories better when they feel emotionally organized and easy to carry forward? And at what point does simplification stop being an introduction… and quietly become the final version? This episode explores historiography, memory, narrative psychology, and the uncomfortable reality that most of us were probably taught the first layer of history… without ever being brought back for the second one. Attribution Notes: * Every effort was made to cross-check primary sources and modern research. Where paraphrasing is used, it’s drawn from the texts below with narrative license for clarity and flow. * If you spot an error or have a source to suggest, DM @thisagainshow Follow This, Again on Instagram: @thisagainshow This, Again is written, produced, and hosted by Mallory Faust.  Galileo * Galileo Galilei. Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Translated by Stillman Drake. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967. https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1t1nb0d5&chunk.id=d0e180&brand=ucpress [https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1t1nb0d5&chunk.id=d0e180&brand=ucpress] * Galileo Galilei. The Essential Galileo. Edited and translated by Maurice A. Finocchiaro. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2008. https://hackettpublishing.com/the-essential-galileo [https://hackettpublishing.com/the-essential-galileo] * Finocchiaro, Maurice A. Retrying Galileo, 1633–1992. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. https://www.ucpress.edu/books/retrying-galileo/paper [https://www.ucpress.edu/books/retrying-galileo/paper] *  Heilbron, J. L. Galileo. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Galileo - John L. Heilbron - Oxford University Press [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/galileo-9780199655984?cc=us&lang=en&] * Vatican Observatory. “The Galileo Affair.” https://www.vaticanobservatory.org/education/the-galileo-affair/ [https://www.vaticanobservatory.org/education/the-galileo-affair/] Pocahontas * John Smith. The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (1624). https://archive.org/details/generallhistorie00smit [https://archive.org/details/generallhistorie00smit] *  Camilla Townsend. Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma. New York: Hill and Wang, 2004. https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780809077380/pocahontasandthepowhatandilemma [https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780809077380/pocahontasandthepowhatandilemma] * National Park Service. “Pocahontas.” Jamestown Colonial National Historical Park. https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/pocahontas-her-life-and-legend.htm [https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/pocahontas-her-life-and-legend.htm] * Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Pocahontas.” https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pocahontas-Powhatan-woman [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pocahontas-Powhatan-woman] *  Helen C. Rountree. Pocahontas, Powhatan, Opechancanough: Three Indian Lives Changed by Jamestown. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005. https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/2782/ [https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/2782/] * William Apess. A Son of the Forest and Other Writings. Edited by Barry O’Connell. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1997. https://www.umasspress.com/9781558491076/a-son-of-the-forest-and-other-writings/ [https://www.umasspress.com/9781558491076/a-son-of-the-forest-and-other-writings/] Newton * Isaac Newton. The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Translated by I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520088177/the-principia [https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520088177/the-principia] *  Richard S. Westfall. Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/never-at-rest/45515EFB2D1A3B1D8764A3558D3A4E4B [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/never-at-rest/45515EFB2D1A3B1D8764A3558D3A4E4B] *  Patricia Fara. Newton: The Making of Genius. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/newton/9780231128063 [https://cup.columbia.edu/book/newton/9780231128063] * The Royal Society. “Newton and Leibniz: The Calculus Controversy.” https://royalsociety.org/blog/2015/02/newton-leibniz-calculus-dispute/ [https://royalsociety.org/blog/2015/02/newton-leibniz-calculus-dispute/] *  Gleick, James. Isaac Newton. New York: Pantheon Books, 2003. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/295742/isaac-newton-by-james-gleick/ [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/295742/isaac-newton-by-james-gleick/]   Historiography / Philosophy / Historical Memory * E. H. Carr. What Is History? New York: Vintage Books, 1961. https://archive.org/details/whatishistory00ehca [https://archive.org/details/whatishistory00ehca] *  Hayden White. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973. https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/metahistory [https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/metahistory] *  Michel Foucault. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980. https://monoskop.org/images/5/5d/Foucault_Michel_Power_Knowledge_Selected_Interviews_and_Other_Writings_1972-1977.pdf [https://monoskop.org/images/5/5d/Foucault_Michel_Power_Knowledge_Selected_Interviews_and_Other_Writings_1972-1977.pdf] * Jerome Bruner. The Process of Education. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960. https://archive.org/details/processofeducati00brun [https://archive.org/details/processofeducati00brun] * Jerome Bruner. Actual Minds, Possible Worlds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. https://archive.org/details/actualmindspossi00brun [https://archive.org/details/actualmindspossi00brun]

Going Undercover: The People Who Entered and Exposed the Psychiatric System

What would it take to be labeled insane? In 1887, Nellie Bly checked herself into a New York asylum to find out. She got in with surprising ease. Getting out was something else entirely. Nearly a century later, David Rosenhan ran an experiment to see if anything had changed. Healthy people walked into psychiatric hospitals, claimed to hear a single voice, and were admitted. Once inside, they acted completely normal. It didn’t matter. This episode follows both investigations from the inside and looks at what they revealed about how systems make decisions and why those decisions are so difficult to reverse. Attribution Notes: * Every effort was made to cross-check primary sources and modern research. Where paraphrasing is used, it’s drawn from the texts below with narrative license for clarity and flow. * If you spot an error or have a source to suggest, DM @thisagainshow   Follow This, Again on Instagram: @thisagainshow   This, Again is written, produced, and hosted by Mallory Faust.  Bly, Nellie. Ten Days in a Mad-House. New York: Ian L. Munro, 1887. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/59899 [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/59899] Rosenhan, D. L. “On Being Sane in Insane Places.” Science 179, no. 4070 (1973): 250–258. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1735662 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1735662] Grob, Gerald N. The Mad Among Us: A History of the Care of America’s Mentally Ill. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994. Scull, Andrew. Madness in Civilization: A Cultural History of Insanity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. Spitzer, Robert L. “On Pseudoscience in Science, Logic in Remission, and Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Critique of Rosenhan’s ‘On Being Sane in Insane Places.’” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 84, no. 5 (1975): 442–452. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1976-00177-001 [https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1976-00177-001] Zimbardo, Philip G. The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. New York: Random House, 2007. Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1906. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/140 [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/140] Griffin, John Howard. Black Like Me. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1961.

Mass Hysteria Through History: Laughter Epidemic, Dancing Plague, and Tik Tok Tics

In 1962, a group of schoolgirls in Tanganyika began laughing and could not stop. The episode spread to multiple schools, eventually forcing closures and affecting hundreds of students. More than four centuries earlier, in 1518, residents of Strasbourg took to the streets and danced for days at a time. Contemporary accounts describe exhaustion, collapse, and a response from local authorities shaped by the medical beliefs of the time. During the industrial era in Europe and the United States, physicians documented similar patterns in factories and schools. Groups of workers developed symptoms such as fainting, tremors, and nausea without a clear environmental or biological cause. In that same year, 1962, a U.S. textile factory experienced what became known as the June Bug Epidemic. Workers reported being bitten by an unseen insect. Investigations found no physical cause, but the symptoms spread through proximity and shared interpretation. More recently, clinicians have documented a rise in rapid-onset tic-like behaviors in adolescents, many of whom were exposed to similar content online. This episode looks at these cases side by side, not as isolated events, but as examples of a recurring pattern. Under certain conditions, behavior, emotion, and even physical symptoms can move through groups in ways that feel personal, but are not entirely individual. Attribution Notes: * Every effort was made to cross-check primary sources and modern research. Where paraphrasing is used, it’s drawn from the texts below with narrative license for clarity and flow. * If you spot an error or have a source to suggest, DM @thisagainshow   Follow This, Again on Instagram: @thisagainshow   This, Again is written, produced, and hosted by Mallory Faust.    Tanganyika Laughter Epidemic (1962) Rankin, A. M., and P. J. Philip. “An Epidemic of Laughing in the Bukoba District of Tanganyika.” Central African Journal of Medicine, 1963. https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00089176_6171 [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00089176_6171?utm_source=chatgpt.com] Hempelmann, Christian F. “The Laughter Epidemic of 1962: A Study of Collective Behavior.” Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 2007. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/HUMOR.2007.003/html Dancing Plague of Strasbourg (1518) A Time to Dance, a Time to Die Waller, John. A Time to Dance, a Time to Die: The Extraordinary Story of the Dancing Plague of 1518. Icon Books, 2008. Waller, John. “A Forgotten Plague: Making Sense of Dancing Mania.” The Lancet, 2009. A forgotten plague: making sense of dancing mania - The Lancet [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2809%2960386-X/fulltext] Backman, E. Louis. Religious Dances in the Christian Church and in Popular Medicine. Routledge, 1952. Religious dances : in the Christian church and in popular medicine : Backman, E. Louis (Eugène Louis), 1883-1965, author : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive [https://archive.org/details/religiousdancesi0000back/page/n5/mode/2up] Industrial Era / Factory & School Outbreaks Bartholomew, Robert E., and Simon Wessely. “Protean Nature of Mass Sociogenic Illness: From Possession to Mass Hysteria.” British Journal of Psychiatry, 2002. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/protean-nature-of-mass-sociogenic-illness/ [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/protean-nature-of-mass-sociogenic-illness/2BDC2262E104B8A33F3DD49773DA0D8B] Micale, Mark S. Approaching Hysteria: Disease and Its Interpretations. Princeton University Press, 1995. Robinson, Harriet Hanson. Loom and Spindle: Or Life Among the Early Mill Girls. 1898. Loom and Spindle : Harriet H. Robinson : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive [https://archive.org/details/loom_and_spindle_2211_librivox] June Bug Epidemic (1962, United States) Kerckhoff, Alan C., and Kurt W. Back. “The June Bug Epidemic: A Study of Hysterical Contagion.” Journal of Social Psychology, 1968. (Accessible summary of case) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588562/ [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588562/] Modern Case: Functional Tic-Like Behaviors (COVID Era) Pringsheim, Tamara, et al. “Rapid Onset Functional Tic-Like Behaviors in Young Females During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Movement Disorders, 2021. https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mds.28778 [https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mds.28778] Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., et al. “Increase of Functional Tic-Like Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” European Journal of Neurology, 2022. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ene.15263 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ene.15263] Paulus, Walter, et al. “Functional Movement Disorders: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Neurology, 2021. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-021-10578-7 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-021-10578-7] Tourette Association of America. “Rising Incidence of Functional Tic-Like Behaviors.” https://tourette.org/rising-incidence-of-functional-tic-like-behaviors/ [https://tourette.org/rising-incidence-of-functional-tic-like-behaviors/] Psychology & Mechanism (Supporting Framework) Hatfield, Elaine, John T. Cacioppo, and Richard L. Rapson. Emotional Contagion. Cambridge University Press, 1994. Engert, Veronika, et al. “Stress Contagion in Humans: Empathic Stress Induction.” The Contagiousness of Stress: How It Affects Our Brains and Bodies - ScienceDirect [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306453023007448] Rizzolatti, Giacomo, and Laila Craighero. “The Mirror-Neuron System.” Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2004. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230 [https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230] Provine, Robert R. “Yawning as a Stereotyped Action Pattern.” Ethology, 1986. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1986.tb00611.x [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1986.tb00611.x]

Anne Boleyn, Robert Oppenheimer, and the Price of Proximity to Power

In May 1536, Anne Boleyn was still Queen of England. Seventeen days later, she was executed. This episode looks at how that kind of collapse is even possible. Anne’s rise wasn’t just personal. Her marriage to Henry VIII forced England to break with the Catholic Church, reshaped the law, and required oaths of loyalty across the country. By the mid-1530s, she had become tied to the most disruptive political and religious changes of the era. When pressure built around succession, legitimacy, and reform, the system didn’t slow down or reassess. It moved quickly. Charges were brought. Trials were held. Executions followed. This episode examines that moment not just as a Tudor story, but as a pattern. What happens when someone stands at the center of power and becomes the most visible part of a system under strain? To answer that, we follow the same pattern beyond Tudor England. The downfall of Thomas Cromwell shows how proximity did not protect even the people building the system. The 1954 security hearing of Robert Oppenheimer shows how removal can shift from execution to loss of access while serving a similar function. And modern corporate examples show how leadership removal can signal control even when deeper issues remain unresolved. This is not a story about whether Anne Boleyn was guilty. It is a story about how systems respond under pressure, and why the person closest to power can become the fastest way to prove that something has been done. Attribution Notes: * Every effort was made to cross-check primary sources and modern research. Where paraphrasing is used, it’s drawn from the texts below with narrative license for clarity and flow. * If you spot an error or have a source to suggest, DM @thisagainshow   Follow This, Again on Instagram: @thisagainshow This, Again is written, produced, and hosted by Mallory Faust.    1. Ives, Eric. The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. https://archive.org/details/lifedeathofanneb00ives [https://archive.org/details/lifedeathofanneb00ives] 2. Bernard, G. W. Anne Boleyn: Fatal Attractions. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300162455/anne-boleyn/ 3. Weir, Alison. The Lady in the Tower: The Fall of Anne Boleyn. New York: Ballantine Books, 2009. https://groveatlantic.com/book/the-six-wives-of-henry-viii/ [https://groveatlantic.com/book/the-six-wives-of-henry-viii/] 4. “Trial of Anne Boleyn (1536).” English History in Primary Sources. https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/anneboleyntrial.asp 5. “Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII.” British History Online. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/search/series/letters-papers-hen8 [https://www.british-history.ac.uk/search/series/letters-papers-hen8] (Search “Anne Boleyn 1536” within this: these are actual state papers) 7. “Eustace Chapuys Correspondence.” British History Online. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/search/series/cal-state-papers-spanish 8. “Act in Restraint of Appeals.” https://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol3/pp427-429 [https://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol3/pp427-429] 9. “Act of Supremacy.” https://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol3/pp492-496 [https://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol3/pp492-496] 10. MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Thomas Cromwell: A Life. New York: Viking, 2018. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/295438/thomas-cromwell-by-diarmaid-macculloch/ [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/295438/thomas-cromwell-by-diarmaid-macculloch/] 11. MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation: A History. New York: Penguin, 2005. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/292946/the-reformation-by-diarmaid-macculloch/ [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/292946/the-reformation-by-diarmaid-macculloch/] 12. Guy, John. Thomas More. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/thomas-more-9780192854063 [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/thomas-more-9780192854063] 13. Bellamy, J. G. The Tudor Law of Treason. London: Routledge, 1979. https://www.routledge.com/The-Tudor-Law-of-Treason/Bellamy/p/book/9780719007804 [https://www.routledge.com/The-Tudor-Law-of-Treason/Bellamy/p/book/9780719007804] 14. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer (1954) https://www.osti.gov/opennet/hearing.jsp [https://www.osti.gov/opennet/hearing.jsp] 15. Bird, Kai, and Martin J. Sherwin. American Prometheus. New York: Knopf, 2005. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/67852/american-prometheus-by-kai-bird-and-martin-j-sherwin/ [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/67852/american-prometheus-by-kai-bird-and-martin-j-sherwin/]