First Greek Philosophers

Indus Valley Civilization

The earliest history of settlement in the Indus Valley dates back to the 6th millennium BC The area was then inhabited by farmers who used stone tools. By 4,000 BC, they were producing clay vessels on the potter's wheel, raising many species of animals, and cultivating cotton. Excavations testifying to the highest level of development of this civilization date back to the 3rd millennium BC.

The Wars of Greeks against the Persians

In 546 BC, the Greek colonies in Asia Minor came under Persian rule, conquered by the armies of King Cyrus. The conquerors imposed tyranny on the Greeks as a form of government. In 499 BC Greeks from Miletus launched an anti-Persian uprising, joined by Greeks from other cities on the west coast of Asia Minor. Everywhere the insurgents overthrew the tyrannical rule of the Persians.

First Greek Philosophers

This episode presents the views of the founders of Greek philosophy who lived in the sixth and fifth centuries BC.