Differences in How Our Cells Defend Against Damage from Air Pollution

Addressing Trauma to Heal Military Veterans Struggling with Addiction and PTSD

Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, and alcohol or drug problems often co-occur, or exist together, and military veterans experience these challenges at higher rates than civilians. For years, research has suggested that veterans don’t always benefit from PTSD treatments in the same way that civilians do, pointing to a need to learn more about the treatments that work for them. Today, we talk with clinical psychologist and mental health researcher Dr. Shannon Blakey, who breaks down new research on what actually works for veterans confronting these dual disorders. Read Shannon's article in Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy: https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0002043 [https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0002043] Learn more about different types of therapy for mental health and addiction here: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand_tx/prolonged_exposure.asp [https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand_tx/prolonged_exposure.asp] https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand_tx/cognitive_processing.asp [https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand_tx/cognitive_processing.asp] https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/cooccurring/tx_sud_va.asp [https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/cooccurring/tx_sud_va.asp] https://strongstartraining.org/upcoming-events/ [https://strongstartraining.org/upcoming-events/] For healthcare providers: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/consult/index.asp [https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/consult/index.asp] For patients/families: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/ [https://www.ptsd.va.gov/]

Kids as the Targets of Junk Food Advertising: Lessons From Chile

In our media-saturated world, our kids are impressionable targets for advertisements for foods that are “high in” ingredients linked to obesity and nutrition-related disease: saturated fats, sodium, sugar, and calories. Children who see these ads have poorer health trajectories and higher rates of obesity. Unhealthy food ads contradict every parent’s best intentions to provide their child with a nutritionally balanced diet, turning daily choices into hair-pulling battles and grocery aisle meltdowns. In this episode, we are joined by nutritional epidemiologist Dr. Lindsey Smith Taillie and media effects researcher Dr. Francesca Dillman Carpentier, who teamed up to understand the impact of global food policies that restrict advertising of unhealthy foods toward children. The study examines a case study of new regulations that rolled out in Chile, and how the country took a stand against food advertising for the sake of preserving the health of children. Lessons from Chile are spreading across the world and could serve as a model for reducing the influence of advertising on poor dietary choices for kids in the United States, where one in five children are obese.  Learn more about the UNC Global Food Research Program here: https://www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org/ [https://www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org/] Read the paper published in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity here: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12966-023-01454-w [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12966-023-01454-w]

Research Shows It Can Be Safe to Talk to Kids about Suicide

In today’s world, children are surrounded by stressors that can jeopardize their mental health. National statistics show a troubling increase in mental health disorders and a growing incidence of suicide among younger populations over the past decade. Many parents and caretakers hesitate to discuss critical topics like death and suicide, fearing that such conversations may do more harm than good. But what does the science say about having talks about suicide with young kids?  In this episode, we tackle this important issue and highlight a research project focused on suicide prevention among children under 10 with experiences that put them at risk of mental health problems. Child psychologists Dr. Adam Bryant Miller of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Dr. Caroline Oppenheimer of RTI International discuss their study adapting a suicide risk assessment for young children and examining its impact on children and parents. They provide insights from their research and offer actionable guidance for families seeking to support their children’s mental health and prevent suicide. Read the article in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. #childadversity #youthmentalhealth #suiciderisk #suicideprevention #youthsuicide #stopyouthsuicide #988helpline #sciencetranslation #sciencecommunication This episode addresses a sensitive yet important topic and may not be suitable for all listeners. Anyone struggling with thoughts of suicide should dial 988 for immediate support.

Signals from the Sea: Lobsters, Kelp, and Right Whales—Oh My!

It’s easy to think of climate change as a simple story: rising temperatures and sea levels driven by human activity. But the reality is far more complex. Changes in the natural world are often uneven, unpredictable, and difficult to forecast. As oceanographer Nick Record explains in this episode, climate change unfolds in “fits and spurts” rather than in a smooth, linear trend. That complexity is part of what makes it so challenging to fully understand. In this episode, we make sense of that complexity through a case study in the Gulf of Maine. Nick, alongside his longtime friend and industry collaborator, lobsterman and marine biologist Curt Brown, shows how signals of a shifting climate appear in unexpected ways: in the feeding grounds of endangered right whales, in sudden changes in water salinity, in the loss of cold-water kelp forests, and in the lobster traps that Curt and other harvesters pull from the depths of the ocean. Together, their perspectives highlight how science and on-the-water experience work hand in hand to better understand a changing ocean. Links: Make Science Make Sense Podcast [http://www.makesciencemakesensepod.com] Paper Discussed: Early Warning of a Cold Wave in the Gulf of Maine [https://tos.org/oceanography/article/early-warning-of-a-cold-wave-in-the-gulf-of-maine] Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences [https://www.bigelow.org/] NERACOOS Mariners Dashboard [https://mariners.neracoos.org/]

Differences in How Our Cells Defend Against Damage from Air Pollution

Air pollution isn’t just about what you breathe in today. It’s about how our bodies process toxins and the invisible changes that lead to diseases over time.  In this episode, we talk to molecular and cell biologist Dr. Shaun McCullough to unpack how repeated exposure to pollutants can change how our cells respond, and why those effects aren’t the same for everyone. His laboratory group is developing methods to test the effects of chemical pollutants on airway cells by observing cellular activity and reactions in the laboratory. In this episode, he discusses evidence from a study using new approach methodologies (a.k.a. “NAMs”) to test different amounts of exposure to pollutants on human cells in a controlled laboratory setting, but using real human tissue samples.  From gene expression to personalized risk, this conversation breaks down how modern toxicology is evolving and what it could mean for public health, policy, and your everyday environment. The views we share are our own and don’t represent our employers or affiliated organizations. Key Words:  #airpollution #lungdisease #toxicology #NAMs #geneexpression #invitro #pollution #environmentalhealth #respiratorydisease #airwaydisease #environment #molecularbiology #researchapplications Key Topics: How repeated exposure to pollutants affects cells differently than one-time exposure Why individuals respond differently to the same environmental exposures What NAMs are and how they’re changing toxicology research Differences between acute vs. chronic exposure How this research can inform public health and regulation Links: Make Science Make Sense Podcast: https://www.makesciencemakesensepod.com [https://www.makesciencemakesensepod.com] EPA Air Quality Index: https://www.airnow.gov [https://www.airnow.gov] NIH Initiative on Complementary Animal Research: https://commonfund.nih.gov/animalresearch [https://commonfund.nih.gov/animalresearch] Link to the paper discussed in this podcast: https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfab128 [https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfab128]