Modic Changes. What are they? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

Using MRI to assess for spinal stability

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Spinal Trauma: A pictorial review published by Yogesh Kumar and Daichi Hayashi in the BMC musculoskeletal disorders journal in 2016.

How often is cervical instability missed?

The Korean Spine Journal in 2015 titled Delayed or Missed diagnosis of Cervical Instability after Traumatic Injury: Usefulness of Dynamic Flexion and extension Radiographs by Chang Gi.

Can patients die from a compression fracture?

Mortality Outcomes of vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures published by Kenji Hinde et al in the radiology journal from 2020.

What findings on an MRI cause pain.

MRI findings of disc degeneration are more prevalent in adults with low back pain than in asymptotic controls: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis by Brinjikji (BRINJICK) et atl and published in the spine journal in 2015.

Long term outcomes of severe injuries.

Impacts of Injury severity on Long-term outcomes following motor vehicle crashes by Kevin Hung et al published in BMC Public Health in 2021.