The 1843 Spanish Expedition to the Sulu Sultanate

The Ifugao Wooden Guardians: Bulul and the Spirit World

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the sacred bulul figures of the Ifugao people in the northern Philippines. These carved wooden guardians are not mere art—they house ancestral spirits that protect rice harvests and ensure community well-being. Lucas explains the rituals performed by the mumbaki (priests) to activate the bulul, the social hierarchy of the Ifugao, and how Spanish colonization and American rule impacted these traditions. He also discusses the 2015 UNESCO inscription of the Hudhud chants and the ongoing efforts to preserve bulul carving as a living heritage. Specific terms include bulul, mumbaki, hudhud, Banaue, Mayoyao, Kiangan, and the colonial impact on Cordillera beliefs. The episode connects earlier discussions of Philippine indigenous cultures to this unique animist practice, offering a window into a worldview where the spiritual and agricultural are inseparable. #Ifugao #Bulul #Philippines #Cordillera #RiceTerraces #Hudhud #Mumbaki #Animism #IndigenousCulture #SoutheastAsia #SpanishColonization #AmericanColonization #UNESCO #Heritage #AncestorWorship #RiceAgriculture #IfugaoRituals #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1593 Chinese Uprising: Sangley Revolt in Spanish Manila

In October 1593, Spanish Governor-General Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas set sail from Manila to conquer the Spice Islands of Ternate, taking with him hundreds of Chinese rowers pressed into service. Days later, those rowers mutinied, killed Dasmariñas, and sparked a wave of fear and retaliation that reshaped Spanish policy toward the Sangley community—the Chinese merchants, artisans, and laborers who were the economic backbone of the colony. This episode explores the revolt itself, the tensions that preceded it, and its bloody aftermath: the 1603 massacre of as many as 20,000 Chinese in Manila. We also examine the fragile interdependence between Spanish colonizers and Chinese settlers, the role of the Parían—the Chinese ghetto outside Intramuros—and the long shadow the revolt cast over Philippine-Chinese relations for centuries. Drawing on eyewitness accounts from Spanish officials, Chinese chronicles, and later historian analyses, we piece together a story of exploitation, resistance, and communal violence that defined early colonial Manila. #SangleyRevolt #GómezPérezDasmariñas #ChineseUprising1593 #Parían #Intramuros #SpanishManila #Ternate #PhilippineHistory #SoutheastAsianHistory #ColonialPhilippines #EarlyModern #ChineseDiaspora #Sangley #History #FexingoHistory #ColonialViolence #PhilippineChinese #16thCentury Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1635 Jesuit Mission to the Manobo and the Dagohoy Revolt

In 1635, Spanish Jesuit missionaries ventured into the interior of the Visayas, encountering the Manobo people of the Leyte-Samar highlands. This mission, led by Father Gregorio López, sought to convert the animist Manobo while the Spanish colonial government simultaneously imposed tribute and forced labor. The episode explores how the Jesuits' efforts intersected with traditional Manobo beliefs, including the babaylan (shaman) resistance. It also connects to the broader context of colonial extraction, such as the galleon trade and the polo y servicios system. Fifty years later, the brutalization of the Manobo under encomenderos contributed to the 1744 Dagohoy Rebellion in Bohol, the longest revolt in Philippine history, led by Francisco Dagohoy. The rebellion, sparked by a refusal to bury his brother after a duel, morphed into a 85-year resistance against Spanish rule. This episode delves into the Manobo-Jesuit encounter, the roots of the Dagohoy Revolt, and how indigenous belief systems clashed with Spanish Catholicism in the 17th and 18th centuries. #Manobo #JesuitMission #Leyte #Samar #DagohoyRevolt #FranciscoDagohoy #Bohol #babaylan #encomienda #poloYservicios #galleonTrade #SpanishColonialism #Philippines #IndigenousResistance #17thCentury #18thCentury #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1901 Balangiga Massacre: Samar's War of Attrition

In 1901, on the remote island of Samar, Filipino guerrillas launched an audacious dawn attack on a US Army garrison, killing 54 soldiers in what became known as the Balangiga Massacre. This episode explores the brutal guerrilla war that followed, the retaliatory 'March of Flame' under General Jacob Smith, and the complex legacy of one of the Philippine-American War's bloodiest chapters. We discuss the strategic importance of Samar, the leadership of General Vicente Lukban, and the controversy over the Balangiga Bells, which were taken as war trophies and only returned in 2018. We also touch on the broader context of American colonial warfare and the often-ignored perspectives of Filipino civilians caught in the crossfire. A story of resistance, atrocity, and the long shadow of empire that still resonates today. #PhilippineAmericanWar #BalangigaMassacre #Samar #VicenteLukban #JacobSmith #GeneralSmith #BalangigaBells #MarchOfFlame #GuerrillaWarfare #AmericanColonialism #PhilippineHistory #PhilippineRevolution #WarCrimes #History #FexingoHistory #SoutheastAsia #Imperialism #Resistance Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1762 British Occupation of Manila

In 1762, during the Seven Years' War, British forces captured Manila from the Spanish, ruling the city for 20 months. This episode explores the British occupation's impact on the Philippines: how it disrupted the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade, exposed Spanish military weaknesses, and inadvertently fueled Filipino resistance. We follow the British fleet under General William Draper and Admiral Samuel Cornish, the Spanish defense led by Archbishop Manuel Rojo del Río, and the pivotal role of the Filipino principales and sangleys. The occupation also saw the rise of the Silang Revolt in Ilocos, led by Diego and Gabriela Silang, who exploited Spanish distraction. We discuss how British promises of independence to Filipino rebels sowed early seeds of nationalism, and how the occupation's end in 1764, via the Treaty of Paris 1763, returned control to Spain but left a legacy of diminished prestige and increased local agency. Keywords: British occupation Manila 1762, Seven Years War Philippines, Silang Revolt, Diego Silang, Gabriela Silang, Treaty of Paris 1763, Manila galleon, Archbishop Rojo, Draper Cornish, Filipino nationalism. #BritishOccupationManila #SevenYearsWar #DiegoSilang #GabrielaSilang #SilangRevolt #ManilaGalleon #TreatyOfParis1763 #ArchbishopRojo #WilliamDraper #SamuelCornish #PhilippineHistory #SpanishColonial #18thCentury #ColonialWarfare #FilipinoNationalism #Sangley #Ilocos #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]