Peter the Great: Building Saint Petersburg from the Swamp

Peter the Great's Beard Tax: Shaving Russia Into Europe

In 1698, returning from the Grand Embassy, Peter the Great personally cut the beards of his nobles, launching a tax on facial hair that became a symbol of his Westernizing reforms. This episode explores the beard tax decree of 1705 — the copper token receipts, the exemptions for clergy and peasants, and the resistance of Old Believers who saw beards as sacred. We also look at the broader cultural war: Peter's ban on long robes, his forced shaving of boyars at court, and how this seemingly trivial policy drove home the message that Russia would modernize from the skin out. Join Lucas and Luna for a close-up on the Tsar's most intimate battle — against the hair on his subjects' faces. #PeterTheGreat #BeardTax #RussianHistory #Westernization #OldBelievers #18thCentury #Boyars #TsarPeter #RussianEmpire #CulturalReform #HistoryOfBeards #Moscow #Streltsy #GrandEmbassy #FexingoHistory #Europeanization #EasternEurope #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Peter the Great's Secret Diplomacy: The Treaty of Nystad

In 1721, the Treaty of Nystad ended the Great Northern War and transformed Russia into a European empire. This episode explores the negotiations, the key figures like Andrei Osterman and Carl Gyllenborg, and the terms that gave Russia dominion over the Baltic. We discuss the secret diplomacy, the role of British mediation, and how Peter the Great's patience at the bargaining table secured gains that matched his battlefield victories. The treaty's impact on Russia's status as a major power and its new imperial title are examined, along with the territorial concessions that Sweden never recovered. #TreatyOfNystad #GreatNorthernWar #AndreiOsterman #CarlGyllenborg #PeterTheGreat #BalticSea #Uusikaupunki #TsardomOfRussia #SwedishEmpire #1721 #Diplomacy #RussianHistory #EasternEurope #ImperialExpansion #FexingoHistory #History #EuropeanHistory #Treaty Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Peter the Great's Academy: The Birth of Russian Science

In 1724, Peter the Great founded the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, a bold experiment to drag Russia into the Enlightenment. This episode explores how the Academy was conceived during his Grand Embassy, the recruitment of European scholars like Christian Wolff and Daniel Bernoulli, the unique structure that combined a university and a gymnasium, and the early struggles with empty classrooms. From the first Russian scientists to the Academy's role in mapping the empire, we uncover how Peter's vision of secular knowledge took root despite resistance from the Church and nobility. Featuring figures like Laurentius Blumentrost, the Academy's first president, and the astronomer Joseph Delisle, who brought modern astronomy to Russia. A story of ambition, bureaucracy, and the slow birth of Russian science. #PeterTheGreat #RussianHistory #SaintPetersburgAcademy #HistoryOfScience #Enlightenment #RussianEmpire #LaurentiusBlumentrost #ChristianWolff #DanielBernoulli #JosephDelisle #Kunstkamera #AcademyOfSciences #GrandEmbassy #TsarReformer #18thCentury #EuropeanInfluence #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Peter the Great's Russian Alphabet Reform: The Grazhdanskiy Shrift

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Peter the Great's often-overlooked reform of the Russian alphabet. In 1708, Peter introduced the grazhdanskiy shrift (civil script), simplifying the Church Slavonic letters for secular use. This change made books cheaper, literacy more accessible, and helped modernize Russia's print culture. Lucas explains the old bukvitsa, Peter's editorial work on the first civil typeface, the role of the Amsterdam printing house under Jan Tessing, and the resistance from the Orthodox Church. The episode also touches on the broader context of Peter's cultural Westernization, including the introduction of Arabic numerals and the founding of the first Russian newspaper, Vedomosti. A fresh angle on how a change in letter shapes reflected a transformation in Russian society. #PeterTheGreat #RussianAlphabet #GrazhdanskiyShrift #Cyrillic #1708 #RussianHistory #AlphabetReform #PrintingPress #JanTessing #Vedomosti #ChurchSlavonic #Westernization #EducationReform #RussianEnlightenment #Moscow #Amsterdam #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Peter the Great's Navy: The Baltic Fleet and the Battle of Gangut

In 1714, the Russian navy fought its first major victory at the Battle of Gangut, a sea fight in the Baltic that stunned Europe. Peter the Great's obsession with a modern fleet began decades earlier, from the 'toy boats' of his youth to the shipyards of Voronezh and the lessons of the Great Embassy. This episode follows the construction of the Baltic Fleet, the Swedish naval threat, and the brutal boarding action at Gangut where Russian galleys outmaneuvered Swedish warships. We also look at the cost: thousands of serfs forced to build the new capital and fleet, and Peter's own role as a shipwright and admiral. Featuring details on the galley fleet, the Åland Islands, and the first Russian naval regulations. #PeterTheGreat #BattleOfGangut #RussianNavy #BalticFleet #GreatNorthernWar #Galleys #ÅlandIslands #SaintPetersburg #Shipbuilding #RussianHistory #18thCentury #NavalHistory #SwedishEmpire #GalleyWarfare #PeterI #EasternEurope #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]