The Glitch in How We See Color

The Glitch in How We See Color

What if the colors you see in the world don't actually exist out there at all? In this episode of The Early Perspective, we talk with Deepthi Bannai, a computational neuroscientist and PhD candidate at UC Berkeley’s Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, to tear down everything you take for granted about sight. We challenge the baseline assumption that our eyes simply record the physical world exactly as it is. Instead, the visual system functions as an active, aggressive processor that constantly compresses, slices, and manipulates raw data before it ever reaches your conscious brain. Deepthi explains the mind-bending reality of color constancy, how your brain actively calculates and corrects lighting conditions to keep an object looking stable whether under a bright morning sun or a dim purple sunset. We dive into the math behind "efficient coding," why humans are desperately missing blue cone photoreceptors in the center of our eyes, and how the optic nerve acts as a massive biological bottleneck forcing our brains to construct an educated guess of reality. If you want to understand how your brain builds the world you experience, this episode is a deep dive into the code behind the curtain. Hosted by Avanish Srinivasan. Learn more at youngaxons.com [http://youngaxons.com].

Your Eyes Are Not a Camera

What if your eyes are already processing your environment before the signal ever reaches your conscious brain? In this episode of The Early Perspective, we sit down with neuroscientist and NYU postdoctoral researcher Dr. Karina Bistrong, who recieved her PhD from UC Berkeley, to uncover the hidden intelligence of the visual system. We move past the common misconception that the retina acts like a simple camera sensor, exploring how it functions as an intricate, evolutionarily conserved processor that computes complex details like contrast, edges, and motion on its own. Karina breaks down her groundbreaking thesis research on how neural circuits develop the ability to decode direction. We explore the phenomenon of "retinal waves," spontaneous bursts of electricity that sweep across embryonic eyes in complete darkness, and how this pre-birth activity pre-programs our ability to track the physical world. From the odd mechanics of horizontal motion tracking to her current work mapping motor control circuits in the basal ganglia, this episode offers a fascinating look at how the brain builds its map of reality. Hosted by Avanish Srinivasan. Learn more at youngaxons.com [http://youngaxons.com].

How the Brain Constructs Pain

If two people get the exact same injury, why does one scream in agony while the other barely flinches? In this episode of The Early Perspective, we sit down with neuroscientist and Stanford PhD graduate Gabriella Muwanga to dismantle everything you think you know about physical suffering. We move past the primitive idea that pain is just a simple "alarm signal" from your skin to your brain, and explore how it is actually a highly complex, deeply individualized sensory and emotional perception. Gabriella shares her personal journey living with chronic pain and how it fueled her research into neuroimmune interactions. We break down the biological shift where useful, acute pain turns into a pathological chronic condition, the bizarre reality of conditions like Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (CIPA), and the clinical nightmare of trying to objectively measure an experience that has no physical weight or color. Whether you deal with chronic injuries or want to understand the limits of human perception, this episode offers a profound biological map of how your brain constructs your reality. Hosted by Avanish Srinivasan. Learn more at youngaxons.com [http://youngaxons.com].

Stop Blaming Your Teen: The Science Behind the Teenage Brain

Why do teenagers act the way they do? Is it just defiance, or is there a biological "system update" happening under the hood? In this final episode of our three-part series, we sit down with neuroscientist and bestselling author Dr. Dean Burnett to demystify the teenage brain. We move past the "25-year-old cutoff" myth and explore why adolescence is a period of massive neurological "decluttering" and architectural upgrades. Dr. Burnett explains why the teenage brain is physically wired to prioritize peer approval, why emotions feel so much more intense during these years, and how childhood experiences, especially those around age four, lay the foundational identity that we carry into adulthood. If you’ve ever felt confused by your own teenage years or are currently navigating them, this episode provides a clear, empathetic, and scientifically grounded look at how we become who we are. Hosted by Avanish Srinivasan. Learn more at youngaxons.com [http://youngaxons.com].

Why Habits Feel Impossible to Break

Why is it so easy to pick up a bad habit and so grueling to break one? And why does willpower always seem to fail us when we need it most? In this episode, I’m joined once again by neuroscientist and bestselling author Dr. Dean Burnett to break down the mechanics of habits, cravings, and addiction. We explore why habits become "automated" like riding a bike, how addiction creates a biological "arms race" in your reward system, and the truth behind our relationship with social media and smartphones. Dr. Burnett explains why passive scrolling feels so "brain-numbing" and provides actionable, science-backed strategies to help you reprogram your routines by working with your biology instead of against it. Hosted by Avanish Srinivasan. Learn more at youngaxons.com [https://youngaxons.com].