The Red City of Afghanistan: Kandahar's Founding by Ahmad Shah Durrani

The Siege of Kandahar 1738: Nadir Shah's Afghan Campaign

In 1738, the Persian conqueror Nadir Shah Afshar besieged Kandahar, the last stronghold of the Hotak dynasty. This episode follows the siege that destroyed the city and led to the rise of a young Ahmad Shah Abdali, who would later found the Durrani Empire. We explore Nadir's innovative siege tactics, the role of the Afghan tribes, and how the fall of Kandahar reshaped the region. Learn about the murder of Shah Hussain Hotak, the destruction of the old city, and the invention of the 'Naderi' cannon. A turning point that set the stage for modern Afghanistan. #Kandahar #NadirShah #HotakDynasty #SiegeOfKandahar #AhmadShahAbdali #DurraniEmpire #AfghanistanHistory #PersianEmpire #Afsharid #MughalEmpire #18thCentury #MilitaryHistory #SouthAsia #SiegeWarfare #HistoryOfAfghanistan #FexingoHistory #ColonialEra #Empire Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Bamiyan Buddhas: Afghanistan's Lost Giant Statues

Long before the Taliban destroyed them in 2001, the Buddhas of Bamiyan stood for 1,500 years as silent witnesses to Afghanistan's Buddhist past. This episode explores who carved them, why, and what they meant. We discuss the Kushan and Hephthalite periods, the Silk Road trade that funded their construction, the Greek artistic influences visible in their robes, and the accounts of Chinese pilgrims Xuanzang and Faxian who described them. We also cover the controversy over whether they were ever repaired, the failed UNESCO preservation efforts, and the void left in the Bamiyan cliffs today. Specific names include: Kushan Empire, Hephthalites, Xuanzang, Faxian, Gandhara art, Gupta Empire, and the current plans for reconstruction. #BamiyanBuddhas #Afghanistan #BuddhistHeritage #KushanEmpire #Hephthalites #Xuanzang #Faxian #GandharaArt #SilkRoad #Taliban #UNESCO #Bamiyan #HinduKush #CulturalDestruction #AncientHistory #SouthAsia #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Red City of Afghanistan: Kandahar's Founding by Ahmad Shah Durrani

Kandahar is often called the heart of Afghanistan, but its modern incarnation was founded in 1761 by Ahmad Shah Abdali, the father of the Afghan nation. This episode explores why the city was built where it was, how its octagonal plan reflected Mughal and Persian influences, and how it became the capital of the short-lived Durrani Empire. We examine the political calculations behind moving the capital from Qandahar (the old city) to the new walled settlement, the engineering of the Shamshir Bazaar, and how the city's layout mirrored Ahmad Shah's vision of a unified Pashtun state. We also touch on Kandahar's later role in the Anglo-Afghan wars and its significance today as a cultural and political symbol. All this and more on Fexingo History. #Afghanistan #Kandahar #AhmadShahDurrani #DurraniEmpire #Pashtun #18thCentury #UrbanHistory #ShamshirBazaar #Qandahar #MirwaisHotak #NadirShah #MughalArchitecture #OctagonalPlan #AfghanHistory #FexingoHistory #History #SouthAsia #AncientCities Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Durand Line: How Britain Drew Afghanistan's Border

In 1893, Sir Mortimer Durand and Abdur Rahman Khan agreed on a border that divided Pashtun lands between Afghanistan and British India. This episode explores the Durand Line's creation, its impact on Afghan identity, and why it remains one of the most contested borders in the world. We discuss the Afghan Amir's pragmatic reasons for accepting it, the Pashtun tribes caught in between, and how the line shaped later conflicts from the Soviet invasion to the present day. Featuring the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region, the Pashtunwali code, and the legacy of colonialism. #DurandLine #AbdurRahmanKhan #MortimerDurand #Pashtun #Afghanistan #BritishEmpire #ColonialBorders #KhyberPakhtunkhwa #Pashtunwali #GreatGame #BorderDispute #History #FexingoHistory #SouthAsia #19thCentury #AfghanBorder #TribalAreas #Empire Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Sher Shah Suri: The Afghan Emperor Who Built the Grand Trunk Road

Before the Mughals, an Afghan emperor from Bihar — Sher Shah Suri — briefly tore down Humayun's empire and built one of the most efficient states the subcontinent had ever seen. This episode follows Sher Shah's rise from a petty jagir in Sasaram to defeating the Mughals at Chausa and Kannauj, his revolutionary land revenue system based on measured fields (the zabt system), the construction of the Grand Trunk Road from Sonargaon to the Indus, and the coinage of the silver rupiya that would set the standard for centuries. We explore his military reforms — introducing muskets and mounted archers — and his administrative innovations like the dak chowki (postal system) and sarais (rest houses). Sher Shah's reign lasted only five years, but his legacy shaped Akbar's empire and the British Raj. We also touch on his tomb in Sasaram, a masterpiece of Indo-Islamic architecture, and the controversies around his treatment of Hindus. A story of ambition, efficiency, and what might have been. #SherShahSuri #GrandTrunkRoad #SurEmpire #MughalHistory #Sasaram #BattleOfChausa #BattleOfKannauj #Rupiya #ZabtSystem #DakChowki #Humayun #AfghanEmpire #SouthAsia #History #FexingoHistory #IndoIslamicArchitecture #LandRevenue #PostalSystem Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]