The Trauma Code - Traumatic Cardiac Arrest

A Bloody Mess, The Upper GI Bleed

In this episode we review a tragic case of an upper GI bleed and the resuscitation efforts that ensue. Antunes, C., Tian, C., & Copelin II, E. L. (2018). Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29262121/ [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29262121/] Desai, R., Patel, U., Doshi, S., Rupareliya, C., Bhuva, R., & Shah, N. (2017, October). Burden of arrhythmias in gastrointestinal hemorrhage patients: A nationwide inpatient analysis (Abstract 2714). The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 112(Suppl), S1475. Jennings, L. K., & Watson, S. (2018, May 16). Massive transfusion. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID: 29763104. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499929/

The Trauma Code - Traumatic Cardiac Arrest

In this episode we discuss the physiology and management behind the traumatic cardiac arrest.

ECMO in the ED? An Overview of ECPR

In this episode we discuss the basics of ECPR and VA-ECMO. Included is a case review and discussion. Later in the episode we outline some landmark ECPR studies, and review inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bartos, J. A., Grunau, B., Carlson, C., Duval, S., Ripeckyj, A., Kalra, R., Raveendran, G., John, R., Conterato, M., Frascone, R. J., Trembley, A., Aufderheide, T. P., & Yannopoulos, D. (2020). Improved survival with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation despite progressive metabolic derangement associated with prolonged resuscitation. Circulation, 141(11), 877–886. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042173 Richardson, A. C., Tonna, J. E., Nanjayya, V., Abrams, D., Brodie, D., Pellegrino, V. A., Shekar, K., & Thiagarajan, R. R. (2021). Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults: Interim guideline consensus statement from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. ASAIO Journal, 67(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000001344 Schmitzberger, F. F., Haas, N. L., Coute, R. A., Bartos, J., Hackmann, A., Haft, J. W., Hsu, C. H., Hutin, A., Lamhaut, L., Marinaro, J., Nagao, K., Nakashima, T., Neumar, R., Pellegrino, V., Shinar, Z., Whitmore, S. P., Yannopoulos, D., & Peterson, W. J. (2022). ECPR²: Expert consensus on percutaneous cannulation for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 179, 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.07.003 Suvrein, C. G., van de Glind, E. M. M., de Bruin, S., van den Brink, F. S., van der Hoeven, J. G., & Hoedemaekers, C. W. E. (2023). Early extracorporeal CPR for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The New England Journal of Medicine, 388(4), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2204511 Yannopoulos, D., Bartos, J. A., Raveendran, G., Walser, E., Connett, J., Murray, T. A., Khatri, J., O’Connor, D., Bedi, A., & Aufderheide, T. P. (2020). Advanced reperfusion strategies for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and refractory ventricular fibrillation (ARREST): A phase 2, single centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 396(10265), 1807–1816. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32338-2

Intro to Cardiac Arrest and The Epinephrine Debate

In this episode we start our dive into ACLS and managing a patient in Cardiac Arrest. We also discuss the debate surrounding giving epinephrine in cardiac arrest. Williams, C. A., Fairley, H. E., Tran, Q. K., & Pourmand, A. (2024). Use of epinephrine in cardiac arrest: Advances and future challenges. Medicina, 60(11), 1904. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60111904

Optimizing the Intubation

In this episode we take a look into some general intubation practices and principles. Also examine best practices to take during RSI and discuss some tips and tricks to optimize your practice. Reference: Baker, J., Khan, N., Singh, M., & Kuza, C. M. (2022). The efficacy of apneic oxygenation to prevent hypoxemia during rapid sequence intubation in trauma patients. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 35(2), 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1097/aco.0000000000001103 Fuller, B. M., Ferguson, I. T., Mohr, N. M., Drewry, A. M., Palmer, C., Wessman, B. T., Ablordeppey, E., Keeperman, J., Stephens, R. J., Briscoe, C. C., Kolomiets, A. A., Hotchkiss, R. S., & Kollef, M. H. (2017). Lung-protective ventilation initiated in the Emergency Department (LOV-ed): A quasi-experimental, before-after trial. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 70(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.01.013 Ye, N., Wei, C., Deng, J., Wang, Y., & Xie, H. (2025). PREOXYGENATION strategies before intubation in patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure: A network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1532911