The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, Part 4: The Senate Trial

America’s First Anti-Terrorist Campaign: The Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871, Part 4

After the federal government’s successful prosecutions against the Ku Klux Klan in 1871, Reconstruction briefly seemed to be moving toward real protection of Black voting rights and civil rights. The 1872 election saw extraordinarily high African-American turnout and one of the fairest elections in U.S. history up to that point. But that progress did not last. In Part 4, we follow how economic crisis, political backlash, cuts to federal enforcement, the end of Reconstruction, and a series of damaging Supreme Court decisions weakened the promise of the 14th and 15th Amendments. From the Slaughter-House Cases and United States v. Cruikshank to the Civil Rights Cases, Plessy v. Ferguson, and Giles v. Harris, this episode traces how the law was used to narrow civil rights protections, enable Jim Crow, and strip Black citizens of voting power across much of the South — a loss not fully addressed until the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

America’s First Anti-Terrorist Campaign: The Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871, Part 3

In Part 3 of America’s First Anti-Terrorist Campaign: The Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871, Judge Stephen J. Sfekas turns to the federal government’s direct campaign against Klan violence in South Carolina. He follows President Ulysses S. Grant’s use of the Enforcement Acts, the suspension of habeas corpus in nine counties, and the mass arrests that broke the Klan’s power. The episode also examines the major South Carolina trials, including the case against John Mitchell and Dr. Thomas Whitesides, with excerpts from testimony that reveal how Klan violence was organized, carried out, and prosecuted.

America’s First Anti-Terrorist Campaign: The Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871, Part 2

In Part 2 of America’s First Anti-Terrorist Campaign: The Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871, Judge Stephen J. Sfekas examines the rise of the original Ku Klux Klan after the Civil War and separates the reality of the 1860s Klan from the later mythology created by The Birth of a Nation. He traces the Klan’s beginnings in Pulaski, Tennessee, its rapid spread across the South, and its campaign of violence and intimidation against African American voters and white Republicans. The episode also follows President Ulysses S. Grant’s response, including the creation of the Department of Justice, the first Enforcement Act, and the legal machinery that would soon be used to confront Klan terrorism.

America’s First Anti-Terrorist Campaign: The Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871, Part 1

In Part 1 of America’s First Anti-Terrorist Campaign: The Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871, Judge Stephen J. Sfekas begins with the unfinished work of Reconstruction after the Civil War. He traces the passage of the 13th and 14th Amendments, the first Civil Rights Act, the struggle between Congress and Andrew Johnson, and the legal revolution that redefined American citizenship. The episode also introduces Ulysses S. Grant’s role in enforcing Reconstruction and protecting the rights of newly freed African Americans, setting the stage for the federal government’s campaign against the Ku Klux Klan.

The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, Part 4: The Senate Trial

In Part 4 of our Andrew Johnson series, Judge Stephen J. Sfekas takes listeners inside the first presidential impeachment trial in American history. He follows Thaddeus Stevens, Benjamin Butler, Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, Edmund Ross, and the Senate showdown that left Johnson in office by a single vote. Along the way, this episode shows that the real fight was not just over the Tenure of Office Act, but over Reconstruction itself, including control of the Army, enforcement of the Reconstruction Acts, and the future of Black freedom after the Civil War.