Augustus and the Roman Year: Calendar Reform as Power

Augustus and the Imperial Cult: Worship of the Emperor

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the origins and evolution of the imperial cult under Augustus, the first Roman emperor. They discuss how Augustus carefully blended traditional Roman religion with the worship of his person, starting with the cult of the Genius Augusti and the deification of his adoptive father, Julius Caesar. The conversation covers the establishment of the Ara Numinis Augusti, the compital altars of the Lares Augusti, and the provincial cults at Lyons and Pergamon. They examine the political and social functions of the cult, including its role in unifying the empire and legitimizing the princeps. The episode also touches on the distinction between official state cults and voluntary private worship, as well as the reactions of figures like the poet Ovid. Lucas explains how Augustus rejected overt divine honors in Rome while allowing them in the provinces, a strategy that set the pattern for later emperors. The discussion highlights the Res Gestae, the Augustales, and the priesthood of the sodales Augustales. Listeners will learn about the temple of Divus Iulius, the cult of Roma et Augustus, and how the imperial cult became a tool of integration and loyalty across the diverse Roman world. #Augustus #ImperialCult #RomanReligion #GeniusAugusti #LaresAugusti #AraNuminisAugusti #RomaEtAugustus #DivusIulius #ProvincialCult #Augustales #SodalesAugustales #ResGestae #PaxRomana #AncientRome #EmperorWorship #LyonAltar #Pergamon #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Augustus and the Roman Year: Calendar Reform as Power

In 46 BCE, Julius Caesar introduced the Julian calendar — a solar system of 365 days with a leap year. But it fell to his adopted son Augustus to fix its drift and embed it as a tool of imperial authority. This episode explores how Augustus reformed the calendar after his priestly college misapplied the leap-year rule, why he renamed the month Sextilis to August, and how he used the fasti (official calendar) to insert new festivals honoring the domus Augusta and the Pax Romana. We discuss the pre-Julian lunar calendar of the pontifex maximus, the role of the Vestal Virgins in marking time, and the political messages encoded in the fasti discovered at Praeneste and Antium. Lucas and Luna also examine how the Egyptian solar calendar influenced the reform, and how Augustus presented his own birthday and key military victories as sacred turning points in the Roman year. A revealing look at how controlling time meant controlling memory. #Augustus #RomanCalendar #JulianCalendar #CalendarReform #FastiPraenestini #FastiAntiates #Sosigenes #PaxRomana #PontifexMaximus #VestalVirgins #DomusAugusta #RomanReligion #Timekeeping #RomanHistory #AncientRome #History #FexingoHistory #Mediterranean Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Augustus and the Sibylline Books: Prophecy and Power

In this episode of Augustus Caesar: The First Emperor of Rome, Lucas and Luna explore how Augustus used the ancient Sibylline Books to legitimize his rule and shape Roman religion. They discuss the legendary story of the Cumaean Sibyl selling the books to Tarquinius Priscus, the role of the quindecimviri sacris faciundis in consulting them, and how Augustus moved the books from the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus to the Temple of Apollo Palatinus. The episode also covers Augustus's own Sibylline oracle at Tibur, the destruction of the books in 83 BCE, and the controversial collection of new prophecies that followed. Along the way, they touch on Virgil's Fourth Eclogue and its messianic overtones. A light donation segment ties the value of history to listener support. #AugustusCaesar #SibyllineBooks #CumaeanSibyl #RomanReligion #quindecimviri #TempleOfApolloPalatinus #TarquiniusPriscus #Virgil #FourthEclogue #Tibur #PaxRomana #RomanHistory #Prophecy #Power #FexingoHistory #History #AncientRome #Emperor Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Augustus and the Roman Legions' Pay and Pensions

In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into the financial backbone of Augustus's professional army. How did the first emperor pay his 300,000 legionaries, and what happened when they retired? Learn about the aerarium militare, the military treasury Augustus founded in 6 CE, funded by a 5% inheritance tax and a 1% sales tax. Discover the centurion's salary ladder — from 3,600 sesterces for a centurion to 60,000 for a primus pilus — and how a common legionary's 900 sesterces a year compared to civilian laborers. We explore the donativum, the cash bonus paid from the emperor's personal fortune, and the land grants that caused friction with Italian towns. The episode also covers the financial crisis of 33 CE under Tiberius, when legionary pensions nearly collapsed, and the later reforms of Domitian that raised pay permanently. Finally, we touch on the retirement package: a discharge bonus of 12,000 sesterces or a plot of land, plus exemption from taxes and forced labor. A revealing look at the cold, hard cash that kept the Roman empire running. #Augustus #RomanLegions #AerariumMilitare #LegionaryPay #PaxRomana #Donativum #PrimusPilus #Centurion #InheritanceTax #VeteranPensions #RomanArmy #MilitaryFinance #Tiberius #Domitian #RomanEmpire #AncientHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Augustus and the Secular Games Reborn in 17 BCE

In 17 BCE, Augustus revived the ancient Ludi Saeculares, a centurial festival that had nearly slipped from memory. Lucas and Luna explore the religious vision behind the Secular Games: how Augustus and the quindecimviri sacris faciundis orchestrated three nights of sacrifices to the Moirae, Ilithyiae, and Tellus on the Campus Martius and at the Tarentum. They unpack the Carmen Saeculare composed by Horace, the role of the Sibylline Books, and the political symbolism of the festival as a marker of a new Golden Age. Why did Augustus make the secular games his own, and how did the event's timing and rituals assert the dawn of the Pax Romana? This episode also looks at the Acta of the Secular Games, the stone record that preserves the official schedule, and what the fires, hymns, and theatrical shows reveal about Augustan religion and propaganda. #Augustus #LudiSaeculares #SecularGames #Horace #CampusMartius #Tarentum #Moirae #Ilithyiae #Tellus #CarmenSaeculare #Quindecimviri #SibyllineBooks #PaxRomana #AncientRome #RomanReligion #RomanHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]