Episode 13 - "What's it like to be a dog?"

Episode 15 - "Why do Accidents Happen?"

In this episode, Christabel and Steve frolic amongst the infinite plurality of possible worlds. Christabel explains that accidents are things that didn’t have to be the case; they only happen in SOME possible worlds. Much discussion of the ‘Into the Spiderverse’ movies and the parallel universes of the Superman comics ensues, and Steve treats us into a staggeringly detailed deep dive into which day the Earth was blown up in Douglas Adams’ ‘The Hitchicker’s Guide to the Galaxy’ (for the full accounting, please see Steve’s set here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yufv5dfTgQ4 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yufv5dfTgQ4]).   But are possible worlds real? Our hosts survey a selection of answers, ranging from David Lewis’ full-throated endorsement of concrete non-actual worlds, to the ersatz worlder’s denial, and the modal fictionalist’s equivocation. Modal fictionalists say that events happen in merely possible worlds in the same way that they do in works of literature, (which is to say, they kinda happen, they kinda don’t). Christabel brings in some problems for the possible worlds account of essences based on Kit Fine’s criticisms, but she leaves us with some plausible solutions provided by Ruth Barcan Marcus that were recently highlighted by Jessica Leech.    The duo return to an ancient disagreement between Plato and Aristotle about the nature of properties. Christabel suggests that David Lewis’ radical modal realism about possible worlds might be used to settle this dispute once and for all. However, she admits both that this doesn’t get us any closer to distinguishing between the properties like ‘triangular’ and ‘trilateral’, and that (as Steve points out) her hero might well have been using the word ‘cordate’ incorrectly because he misheard it as 'chordate'.   Christabel then takes us to her two warehouses full of hypothetical sacks to respond to a criticism raised by Ethan Millar-Virkutis, and the episode wraps up with a foray into the impossible worlds of Daniel Nolan and Mark Jago. Our hosts end on two conclusions. The first is that in the vast preponderance of possibilities, accidents are inescapable. The second is that any snub-nosed man is worth a second look if you encounter him at one of Plato’s sex parties.   Email us the impossible questions children ask you at philosophyplaydate@gmail.com [philosophyplaydate@gmail.com]   Find Steve at https://drstevecross.squarespace.com [https://drstevecross.squarespace.com/]   Philosophy Playdate theme by Piers Cane

Episode 14 - "What makes a good leader?"

This week, our hosts ransack the bookshelf of the prototypical edgy teenager to answer ‘What makes a good leader?’. Steve and Christabel start off strong with the classics: Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince, Thomas Hobbes’ The Leviathan and Sun Tzu’s The Art of War. They take a quick detour into Ludvig Wittgenstein’s theory of games, stopping briefly to consider whether a llama might rightly identify themselves as a unicorn.   Later, the duo dive into Maria Kli’s research into the political philosophy of modernity, and consider the truism that a philosopher’s politics often tells you more about their own view of human nature than about how to rule over people. With this in mind, Christabel introduces some philosophers who seem to have held more optimistic views of humanity. Among these are Mencius, the second sage of Confucianism, Zengzi, a disciple of Confucius, and the Neo-Confucians, who held that true kings create the social conditions for their citizens to cultivate their virtues and to better their moral dispositions. Steve offers helpful comparisons against the leadership styles of some of his favourite football managers. Christabel then introduces the controversial Confucius scholarship of Loubna El Amine and the ideal type theory of Max Weber, stopping off to consult some Platonic theory of statecraft along the way.   Email us the impossible questions children ask you at philosophyplaydate@gmail.com [philosophyplaydate@gmail.com]   Find Steve at https://drstevecross.squarespace.com [https://drstevecross.squarespace.com/]   Philosophy Playdate theme by Piers Cane

Episode 13 - "What's it like to be a dog?"

This week, Steve and Christabel respond to Max, who asks ‘What is it like to be a dog?’ Christabel tells us of Thomas Nagel’s seminal paper ‘What is it like to be a bat?’ and his sceptical answer. This leads discussion to David Hume’s observations as to the limitations of imagination, and to Frank Jackson’s ‘Mary the super scientist’ thought experiment. Steve learns about the nature of qualia (which we learn isn’t just the name of the hamster Christabel kept as an undergraduate) and informs us how to control for mentos variability under experimental conditions. For reasons best known to herself, Christabel explains how toasters work.   The duo then tackle Gregory Berns’ rebuttal of Nagel’s claim that we can’t know what it’s like to be a bat, which he bases on his extensive collection of MRI scans of dog brains. Steve points out that Berns is making a rookie mistake; he’s scanned the wrong mammal. Our hosts settle on the strategy of abduction: perhaps it’s impossible to know EXACTLY what it’s like to be anyone other than yourself, but we can use inference to the best explanation to guide us towards a best-guess approximation of how the subjective experiences of others feel to them. They end with a discussion of the work of Ali Boyle and Johnathan Birch on animal sentience, noting some chilling experimental data gathered about the empathetic capacities of rats.   Email us the impossible questions children ask you at philosophyplaydate@gmail.com [philosophyplaydate@gmail.com]   Find Steve at https://drstevecross.squarespace.com [https://drstevecross.squarespace.com/]   Philosophy Playdate theme by Piers Cane

Episode 12 - "Who looks after Outer Space?"

Steve and Christabel set off to bravely go where no one has gone before to answer this week’s question: ‘Who looks after outer space?’ but due to the Kessler effect, they spend most of the episode bumping around in low-Earth orbit. However, this portion of (barely) outer space proves to be more philosophically provocative than the duo might have bargained for. Discussion begins with space ethicist Nikki Coleman, who compares being trapped onEarth by an atmospheric layer of Elon Musk’s space debris to the existential threat of climate change. This turns conversation to space law, and specifically Setsuko Aoki’s interpretation of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which designates space as ‘the common heritage of humanity’. With heritage on their minds, Steve and Christabel turn to the brave new world of space archaeology, and three of its leading lights; Alice Gorman, Beth Laura O’Leary and Lisa Westwood.    Gorman’s advocacy for lunar conservation launches our hosts out of Earth’s atmosphere andplants them right onto the dusty and flag-strewn surface of our nearest celestial body. Christabel gets disproportionately angry at the thought of losing her view of the Moon due toindustrial mineral extraction, possibly forgetting about the existence of clouds.   However, it isn’t long before they both plummet back to Earth, landing first in the Wild West (where Steve introduces us to Sheriff Bentham, protector of the innocent) before returning back to London to consider the real-life trolley problem of diverting the Nazi V-weapons. They apply what they’ve learned to the problem of deflecting asteroids, taking particular noteof the ethical analysis provided by Mazlan Othman, Malaysia’s first astrophysicist anddirector of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. Christabel ends on a plea for listeners to write in with all and any space-related questions that they’ve ever been asked by a child.   Email us the impossible (and extra-terrestrial) questions children ask you at philosophyplaydate@gmail.com [philosophyplaydate@gmail.com]   Find Steve at https://drstevecross.squarespace.com [https://drstevecross.squarespace.com/]   Philosophy Playdate theme by Piers Cane

Episode 11 - "How can we talk to kids about time travel?"

In this episode, Steve and Christabel sit down with author, podcaster and capricious god Iszi Lawrence to discover how to impart big ideas to small humans. She lets us in on the intoxicating power (and crushing burden) of deciding the fates of her characters, and admits that she quite enjoys informing her child fanbase that free will probably doesn’t exist, anyway.    Christabel relishes the opportunity to talk time travel as Izsi lays out the literary universe of her The Time Machine Next Door series. The trio get to grips with using the power of boredom to temporarily stray from your timeline, and come to understand the ethical distinction between stealing from the past versus ‘borrowing’ from the British Museum.    They touch on a range of philosophico-literary influences, from Goosebumps and The Never Ending Story to Olga of Kyiv (the woman John Wick WISHES he was). However, the gang stop short of fully deconstructing the moral ramifications of Goodnight Sweetheart, resolving to allow themselves just one problematic fave.    But in typical fashion, the episode raises more questions than it answers. These include ‘Do deer often have stomach aches?’, ‘Was Tracy Emin’s Unmade Bed the result of a sentient time machine’s tantrum?’ and ‘Will Steve convert Christabel to vegetarianism?’   Huge thanks to Iszi for sharing her wit, wisdom and elite footnote-writing ability with us.   You can find Iszi at https://iszi.com/ [https://iszi.com/]   And Steve at https://drstevecross.squarespace.com [https://drstevecross.squarespace.com/]   Email us the impossible questions children ask you at philosophyplaydate@gmail.com [philosophyplaydate@gmail.com]   Philosophy Playdate theme by Piers Cane