Can Police De-escalate Conflicts?

The Problem with Sheriffs

Unlike local police chiefs, local sheriffs are popularly elected. In theory, that makes them accountable to the voters. In practice, their accountability is quite limited. For example, the incumbency advantage of sitting sheriffs in local elections is enormous. Mirya Holman, Professor of Public Affairs at the University of Houston and co-author (with Emily Farris) of The Power of the Badge, discovered through two national surveys just how unrepresentative local sheriffs are. She discusses why that matters. Unrepresentative sheriffs have attitudes that significantly affect local law enforcement policies on domestic violence, racial bias, and immigration detention.

Crime Prevention Strategies

In a new book, The Science of Second Chances, economist Jennifer Doleac puts criminal justice reform strategies under the microscope. Should prosecutors be lenient towards first offenders? Should probation ground-rules be strict and strictly enforced? Should persons convicted of a felony have their DNA included in a law enforcement data base? Should employers be allowed to ask job applicants whether they have been convicted of a crime? Doleac, the Executive Vice President of Arnold Ventures, believes in answering these questions with rigorous empirical evidence. Some of her answers will surprise you!

Can Police De-escalate Conflicts?

De-escalation training for police is not new, but it has received growing attention in recent years, as concerns over the use of force by police have surged. Until recently, little was known about the actual effects of de-escalation training. Robin Engel, Senior Scientist at the Ohio State University, has conducted a systematic review of multiple studies and an in-depth analysis of the effects of de-escalation training in Louisville, Ky. and Indianapolis, Ind. She discusses her surprising findings and offers some insights.

Clearance Rates for Violent Crimes

Homicide clearance rates, at 61 percent nationwide, are disappointing, and clearance rates for nonfatal gun shootings are even lower. Phillip Cook, Professor Emeritus of Public Policy and Economics at Duke University, offers explanations for relatively low clearance rates, including changes in arrest requirements and the mix of cases being investigated. For example, as drug and gang cases have proliferated, clearance rates have declined. On the positive side, Cook discusses promising efforts by Denver, Indianapolis, and other cities to boost clearance rates.

Policing in Colonial America

What did law enforcement look like in the days before the American Revolution? In Boston and other cities, "night watchmen" provided protection and useful information to citizens while others slept. Law enforcement became far less routine when 1,300 British soldiers arrived in Boston in 1768. Nicole Breault, Assistant Professor of History at the University of Texas-El Paso, discusses how competing police forces complicated law enforcement during the American Revolution. Learn what Ken Burns didn't tell you!