Lessons on Theological Drift from the Biblical Counseling Movement
Lessons on Theological Drift from the Biblical Counseling Movement
Heath Lambert
Days of Drift
More than ten years ago, I was in Hawaii for several weeks speaking with David Powlison at a series of conferences. In between events, we spent time on the island’s beautiful beaches. One lovely afternoon I was building sandcastles with our two youngest children and my wife was swimming in the ocean with our oldest.
At one point I looked up and noticed that my wife and son were further out than I remembered, but I was not immediately alarmed. A bit later, I looked out again and noticed, not only that they were much further away than before, but also that my wife was now holding on to our son, was making a very panicked face, and was calling out words I could not hear over the crashing waves.
My family was drifting and was in significant trouble. I was on the beach with two very young children who could not enter the water without life jackets and even if getting in the water was possible, I would not have been able to improve the situation. Desperate, I began to cry for help and God immediately answered with a man who swam out to my wife and son and pulled them to safety on his paddleboard. That scary afternoon our family learned a serious lesson about the danger of drift.
It is a lesson I regularly consider in these days of theological drift. One of the hallmarks of life in our contemporary Christian culture is just how often we have conversations about individuals, organizations, and even entire denominations moving away from the convictions on which they were founded.
Scripture discusses this problem in Hebrews 2:1 when it says, “We must pay much closer attention to what we have heard, lest we drift away from it.” Drift is what happens when Christians fail to pay careful attention to the teaching of Scripture. It is slow, hard to recognize at first, and requires absolutely no effort.
Drift is a potential problem in every age of Christianity. Because Christianity is founded on a deposit of truth everything Christians do that matters must be built on faithfulness which, unlike drift, never happens on accident. Faithfulness requires care, purpose, and intentionality to resist the constant pull from the tides of error and compromise that which would carry us away from the truth. Drift should be a concern for every Christian.
The biblical counseling movement should also be a concern for every Christian. Because Christianity is founded on truth few things are more important than the content of teaching that Christians receive. Christians know this and recognize that the public ministry of the word in preaching needs to be protected. They tend to be less diligent to protect the personal ministry of the word—the discipleship conversations that are often called counseling.
But counseling is a teaching ministry of the church that either will be faithful or will syncretize biblical truth with the secular resources of a therapeutic culture. More than fifty years ago a group of faithful Christians created a formal biblical counseling movement to protect the church against secular thinking creeping into the church through counseling conversations. Their burden was to restore the Word of God to counseling and to protect Christians from drifting from the Bible in counseling ministry.
But today the contemporary biblical counseling movement is now threatened with the very drift against which it was founded to protect. A movement created to keep secular strategies out of the church is now increasingly filled with leaders who want to use the movement to smuggle secular strategies into the church through the door of counseling. More and more leaders are using their voice in the biblical counseling movement, not to keep secular interventions out of counseling, but to include them in it.
In these days of drift, I think the contemporary biblical counseling movement provides lessons for all Christians who want to swim against the tide of drift and pursue biblical fidelity. Whether we are in the counseling world, a local church context, or in any other ministry, the biblical counseling movement has lessons that can help us all work toward biblical fidelity and fight against drift.
Boundaries Must Be Convictional, Not Relational
The only way to avoid the persistent problem of drift is to remain focused, rooted, and committed to truth. Faithfulness requires primary allegiance to God’s Word in Scripture. Once Christian organizations begin to compromise and drift, they will eventually die without repentance. But ministries possessing an unflinching commitment to biblical fidelity grow and endure.
But the growth of faithful organizations brings temptations. Since solid organizations cannot be built on beliefs that compromise Scripture, those possessing such beliefs are drawn to the ministries built on faithfulness. In the same way that a parasite lives off a host, compromisers attach themselves to faithful organizations. As long as these attachments remain, drift is the inevitable result.
The only way to stop the drift is to identify those responsible for diluting faithfulness and remove their influence from leadership in the organization. But the longer compromisers are part of an organization the harder it becomes to remove their influence. This is so because slowly and subtly the boundaries of the organization become more defined by personal relationships than by conviction. Instead of being driven by a concern to protect the truth we become concerned to protect our tribe even while it drifts into danger.
We see this problem in the contemporary biblical counseling movement in an organization like the Biblical Counseling Coalition. I was part of the original group of biblical counselors that started the coalition almost two decades ago, I was on the draft committee that helped write their guiding documents, and I was a committed member for years. I know from the guiding documents I helped write and from deep personal experience that the organization was founded to advance a convictional definition of biblical counseling founded in the sufficiency of Scripture and the saving grace of Jesus. The initial group of biblical counseling leaders in the coalition all knew we had many different perspectives on a wide range of issues. We did not agree on everything, but we agreed on the Bible. The idea was to facilitate relationships between people who were united by the sufficiency of Scripture to diagnose and cure souls.
But for years the coalition has been drifting. This is a fact demonstrated by the steady departure over the years of conservative biblical counselors among whom I am only one. The reasons for these departures have been many. While those who embrace the historic confessional positions of classic biblical counseling feel increasingly less welcome contemporary integrationists operating under the label of clinically informed counselors have been allowed to remain members in good standing. The coalition has been resistant to publish the views of classic biblical counselors when they oppose contemporary integration. But it has been willing to publish clinically informed integrationists even when they critique conservatives even if their articles are heterodox. When articles are published that violate—not just the commitments of the historic biblical counseling movement—but of historic Christianity, the articles are quietly removed without apology or explanation.
I am not saying the biblical counseling coalition is all bad, that there is no place for it, that there are no conservatives in the organization, or that those who remain do not share sweet fellowship. Not at all. I am saying to the conservatives left in the organization that the way these disagreements have been handled weakens the position of those committed to an historic understanding of biblical counseling and that it strengthens the position of those who would confuse that understanding. I am saying this is a recipe for drift, not faithfulness.
More than that, I am saying to anyone with institutional leadership of any organization founded on faithfulness that this is an example of what not to do. Our primary concern must always be to maintain fidelity to Scripture. As soon as we are driven by a concern to avoid offending those who advance novel approaches, the drift has already begun. The issue here is not whether we will be harsh or kind in defense of the truth. Christians are commanded to speak the truth in the love (Ephesians 4:15). But as soon we believe that drawing clear convictional boundaries is a violation of the law of love, we are letting those who compromise biblical truth define biblical love, we have drawn boundaries according to relationships instead of conviction, and, without a correction, we are guaranteed to drift.
Critical Concerns Must Be Embraced, Not Dismissed
Another lesson we can learn about drift from the contemporary biblical counseling movement is the importance of listening to critical voices expressing legitimate concerns. When ministries are defined by convictional boundaries informed by biblical truth, they are happy to hear when faithful people express critical concerns.
When an organization or individual wants to stay anchored in the truth, they will embrace the concerns of people concerned about drift because of the words of Proverbs 27:6 which read, “Faithful are the wounds of a friend.” The “wounds of a friend” are a blessing in Scripture, but they are not received that way once an organization has started to draw their boundaries around relational lines. Once the boundaries are relational, critical concerns are dismissed or received with hostility because the goal is no longer protecting the truth but protecting the group and one’s place in it. When this poisonous environment takes root, those in the drifting organization will not respond reasonably in search of understanding. They will accuse of harshness those who are trying to love with the truth. They will look at conservatives who observe clear theological lines and will accuse them of drawing the lines themselves instead of appreciating that objective truth creates lines that we reject at our peril. They will take convictional concerns personally, they will respond with hostility, they will question your honesty, accuse you of ungodliness, cancel you, disinvite you, and make sure you know you are no longer welcome even in ministries you helped build.
When this happens it is evidence of drift that is intensifying and accelerating. It is not just true of the biblical counseling movement but any Christian movement that begins to drift away from faithfulness. Every Christian ministry that was once defined by theological integrity and is now faithless at some point became a place that was inhospitable to the concerns of conservative voices. It was true of the Baptist Union in England when Spurgeon began addressing the downgrade controversy. It was true of every American mainline denomination. It was true of the Southern Baptist Convention in the 1970s.
It is increasingly true of the Biblical Counseling Coalition. In the public biblical counseling debate, it has been common for some to plead for private conversations and relational investment rather than open disagreement. Those making such appeals might not appreciate that many of us were rebuffed for years before going public with concerns that we repeatedly expressed privately. The conservatives I know who have left the coalition only did so after it became clear that the leadership was more interested in accommodating more liberal positions than they were in advancing conservative ones.
Here is a simple fact that you can like or dislike, but which you cannot make untrue. That fact is that organizations only remain faithful when conservative convictions are embraced, rather than silenced. This doesn’t mean every concern from every conservative is valid. It does mean that the leadership of faithful organizations understand it is the nature of conservatism to conserve. It means that in faithful organizations defined by conviction, concerns are allowed to be expressed and are responded to with care. The silencing and marginalizing of conservative voices together with the repeated refusal to offer careful responses to careful arguments is evidence of an organization unmoored from faithfulness and drifting into dangerous territory.
Responding to Accusations of Drift
I mentioned that a hallmark of our age is growing concern about drift in many different corners. Another hallmark of our age, closely related to this one, is a significant transition in ministry leadership. People my age and younger are inheriting the leadership of churches, organizations, movements, and denominations from the faithful leaders who built and shaped them. With all my heart, I want my generation of Christian leaders to hand to the generation coming behind us ministries that are more faithful, not less.
Increased faithfulness will require diligence to avoid drift. When we are challenged with a concern about drift, we should all ask at least three questions.
First, what is the source of the accusation? I have been leading ministries for my entire adult life, and I know the difference between an accusation that comes from an enemy on the outside and one that comes from a friend on the inside. When someone expresses a concern who loves the ministry, has been invested in it, and wants to strengthen it, that is a voice I want to hear very carefully.
Second, what is your response? When someone advances an objection, raises a concern, or pushes back on your leadership on a matter connected to theological faithfulness do you get angry and defensive, or are you interested in hearing something you may have missed? I have learned in my own life that angry and defensive responses are usually bad signs of what is happening in my own heart and never translates into faithful leadership.
Third, how sure are you? How sure are you in your negative assumptions about the person raising the objection? How sure are you that you understand their concern? How sure are you about the commitments of everyone in your organization to biblical fidelity? It is easy to write off concerns as the protests of unreasonable troublemakers, to be prideful about our own perspective, and to feel justified in our own leadership and intentions. But are you certain you are right? Are you willing to bet the future of your organization that there is nothing to the claims of drift?
As we think about those questions, it will be helpful for all of us to remember that every ministry that ever drifted away from faithfulness and today lies in wasted ruins was once led by people who heard the concerns about drift and dismissed them. We must use our leadership to avoid this devastating reality.
That day in Hawaii, as my family drifted out further and further into the Pacific Ocean, the beach was full of delightful people having a lovely time. As I began my desperate cry for help, I looked like a lunatic to those people. I appeared only to be disrupting the good thing they had going. But only until they saw what I saw.
If you want to stop drift, you must admit it is happening. That means you have to see it. This is hard to do. The initial phases of drift are hard to see, are easy to explain away, and, most, like tourists on a beach, would rather enjoy what they have received than spring into action. The long term costs of missing the signs is excruciatingly high. That is why church history is usually much kinder to the initial identifiers of drift than the contemporaries of those people.
Make no mistake there is drift in the contemporary biblical counseling movement. History will have access to all the receipts of this conflict and will know where everyone stood. More than that, the God of heaven and earth, the Author of Scripture, and the Lord of all our ministries is watching. With all my heart, I am praying for the organizations and the people in a movement I love. I am praying for those who have received so much that they will be found faithful, that they will see the drift, and by God’s grace will work to stop it.