Citation Needed Podcast

*Note: This episode was recorded on 11/29/20 Questions: 1. As someone who was in the final stages of getting their PhD at the time when COVID initially hit, what was your experience like? How did your colleagues and supervisors in academia respond to the pandemic? (1:18) 2. How has your experience working in industry been shaped by COVID? How is your day-to-day work life affected by it? (5:45) 3. Some of the more prominent food borne viruses that we are aware of are those like norovirus or Hepatitis A. Early on in the pandemic, the FDA released a statement saying that there was “no evidence” that SARS-CoV-2 was being transmitted by food and or food packaging. As someone with an extensive background in food microbiology, what is your take on this statement? Do you personally feel that food could serve as a likely transmission vehicle for COVID? (9:00) 4. How do you think scientists can better communicate concepts like mask wearing and vaccines to the general public? (13:30) 5. Research shows that the COVID pandemic beginnings are linked to a Seafood Wholesale market, and suggest it was an animal to human transmission (read in a review article published in Frontiers in Microbiology) Is this a common occurrence for a virus to be transferred to humans and in the future, should this be a concern for consumers of animal products?  (16:19) 6. How does the food industry control the risk for bacterial and viral transmission in their facilities? Both from the employees and from the environment? (19:41) 7. To kill bacteria in food samples, we are taught to cook it, such as cooking chicken to above 165°F to kill Salmonella, would this type of heat treatment work with a virus? (23:12) 8. What sources of websites would you suggest to individuals who are looking for trustworthy advice about food safety or about the COVID pandemic? (25:36) Sources: --This was a nice review article talking about background and current research on COVID-19 and food; it was used to formulate questions 5-7. It’s a trustworthy journal with high impact factor and they provide the original sources for all their work too. Olaimat, A.N., Shahbaz, H.M., Fatima, N., Munir, S., Holley, R.A. (2020). Food safety during and after the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Microbiology. 4. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01854/full#B5

Note: This episode was recorded on 12/17/2020 *Please visit our YouTube Channel for the list of questions and links to the sources referenced below! College Closures and Reopening 1. By the middle of March 2020 (when the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly loomed over the US), over 1,100 universities throughout the nation shut down all in-person operations and moved to online instruction [1]. The shutdowns occurred extremely quickly, often times with colleges leaving students and teachers alike without any information or support [2]. 2. During the Autumn 2020 school semester, the vast majority of colleges are conducting “primarily online” and “hybrid” operations [3]. Many college campuses serve as a semi-permanent place of residence for students, especially sophomores and freshman. With the COVID-19 pandemic, student housing and food security has been markedly worsened [4], as many students have been essentially forced off campus due to closure. Many students indicate that they have trouble concentrating in class, are sleeping poorly, and worry about their academic performance due to factors related to COVID-19 [5]. COVID-19 Symptoms for Younger Populations 1. Compared to older populations or individuals with underlying health conditions, most college students are at a relatively lower risk of developing severe illness after contracting COVID-19 [6]. However, younger adults likely play a big role in community transmission, and can put at-risk populations in danger [7]. Anyone of any age category can develop mild to severe symptoms [8]. 2. The most common symptoms of COVID include fever, dry cough, and fatigue [9]. COVID-19 and College Internships 1. Half of the internship opportunities on Glassdoor were closed since COVID (as of mid-April). (suggesting they were cut, not that someone was hired). Similarly between May 2020 and May 2019, there was half as many internship hiring this year (suggesting that companies are doing less hiring). [10]. In the NACE poll (as or April), about 20% of polled businesses were revoking already made offers [14].  2. According to a poll by NACE (National Association of Colleges and Employers) of the internships still occurring in polled companies, half (54.8%) were moving to virtual internship and 48.7% reduced the length of the internship [11]. References 1. National Conference of State Legislatures 2. Teachers College: Columbia University 3. The Chronicle of Higher Education 4. Georgetown University 5. JMIR Publications 6. Research Gate 7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 9. Mayo Clinic 10. Glassdoor: Economic research 11. National Association of Colleges and Employees Website: https://u.osu.edu/citationneeded/about/ [https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbVRBVHdsMFpXWUF5TzhwS3dOckY3RndSdF9aZ3xBQ3Jtc0trQXBCeWtnWjNBQ3doYW12VFh6WVFJYzJPR2RXeWlaUHk4ZEt4S2MyMmZ5SFlGRWlyVzlKVVlRRmlsM2dnM0xGRHh3b1FiQUJKNEVJeFQ3Y2QtNklvUlh3RW8xTFNqMGZHcnRJYk9sN2prNlRwZ3lXSQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fu.osu.edu%2Fcitationneeded%2Fabout%2F] ​ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/citationnee [https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbjBwalZNNUlkZzFEckJfdm5fbGtQRllBOVpRQXxBQ3Jtc0ttdzJzblItTk0teGRSMkU4T0tKQ1hNYTRLN3dleFYzWkQzNzB3T0tYaHNTWE9iUVFUZm0tTTJyRGxyUmNUTHl6Z2EzR1BHN09kLUxjeXRkYV9BcFNSM1g1WGVGcFZzMjQyVXoxV1l5dE1HUlprT3VrWQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fcitationnee]​...

Citation Needed was founded by students studying Food Science and Technology at The Ohio State University. Today, we are a group of students from multiple majors throughout the university. Our goal is to provide our members with opportunities to communicate and share their science. New Podcast episodes will be released at the end of each month. Please like, comment and subscribe to stay tuned for our newest releases. Website: https://u.osu.edu/citationneeded/about/ [https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqa0lOWGdjRVJxdHNHOEMxYVpvZ1M1c1oxeFd1UXxBQ3Jtc0tucEE0M1dOVmVKNlpJai1xNUk2U241ZkZDcGhCWnlZRkE4M3ItcGVFaHViYk9oUWlhNDNrYk1pR25IOUFtZGk5bk15aXBEYm5IOTFLOHJSQVd5dHpoUUtrTEl5NDlQdnBfaGt6dFRST2V3VTdMSnVmcw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fu.osu.edu%2Fcitationneeded%2Fabout%2F]​ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/OSUcitationn... [https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbm1Jc2FsUEowZVhfRXlvYm94WUwyWm1SVnFoQXxBQ3Jtc0tram0weVJJLTRMNVlJRmlYLU9XVF9ZNWdzQXFfc1FxcS1NVzVpZ2l1YzBtcWxXVG4zM3Zfd1VSdFFBQW42WldGRU9Qek5iT1pBWXNJbTAzaVI4WHRMMlRUWWltNzdSOEFjcTBPQk9UZU4waF9kd0NPZw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FOSUcitationneeded%2F]​ Twitter: https://twitter.com/osuneedtocite?lan... [https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbHEyU1FlTU5qZ3R4TmdsTkdJcXVRSUtsUjd6d3xBQ3Jtc0tsUlFTMm9QS2t0Q3lTblF3VkZQZ29ZV3dFSW1CV213RWstYkhEWmo1U1dHNVlmZXYzN0ttYl9hUE01OVoxRGM2eXhYdGxFazMwcm1rcXBpZzhLOHlDVUV2dVp6TnJLWE1vcEszYUdoa3BWZlllTGRLcw&q=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fosuneedtocite%3Flang%3Den]​ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/citationnee... [https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbE1oZ00xSEVuZlhadktDRmlhbzI5SmhleFRvd3xBQ3Jtc0tubkw2bWJaYnVSamMxTmoyV25VUHA1MGpzV2VrRU4yMHp3UXp0bWphbnV1WGNZZ2xWbDRPM3YzRF9ad25aa2pSSk1ERmVHNjNiUmIyLTFUUXFSZUp2WlZnem9NM1ZtZkIzV3htTGs0TmgtMjg2ZGE4NA&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fcitationneededosu%2F]