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Test Ep 2: Bugs on Drugs, How Much Pi do we Need, and the Blackest Black

What happens when you gives bugs drugs? How many digits of pi do we actually need? And what is the drama behind the blackest black? Images we talk about: - Spider Webs on Various Drugs [https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/webs-spun-by-lsd-tripping-spiders/] - Graph of Pi Approximations Across History [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Record_pi_approximations.svg/1600px-Record_pi_approximations.svg.png] - The Redemption of Vanity, MIT's Blackest Black [https://news.mit.edu/2019/blackest-black-material-cnt-0913] Support us on Patreon! [https://www.patreon.com/letslearneverything] Join our Discord! [https://discord.gg/EZBvwBZkXv] We also learn about: how do you give a bee cocaine? cocaine is a natural insecticide, the waggle dance, actually im not going to dance it’s embaressing, “I want to be a bee so badly”, bees get withdrawl, some caterpillars are insensitive to cocaine, weaponizing caterpillars, giving spiders drugs because you’re lazy, charlotte’s web blood spider drug tests, caffeine isn’t really that bad for us, “morals will not stop humans from doing stupid things”, maybe giving elephants 3,000x LSD is bad science, cheap date flies, some animals want to get high, my favorite drug is math, what is pi? ancient pi estimates, 62.8 trillion digits of pi, how many digits of pi do nasa use? we could work at nasa as a package deal, by the 1400s we had enough pi to get us to space, and by the 1600s enough for the universe, selfish of pi to have so many numbers, why do we keep counting, tom gets an existential crisis, we all get an existential crisis, the bean, vantablack, how can you have a color?, the pinkest pink, paying someone to flip them off, the new blackest black, 99.995% light absorption, the power of productive spite, um thaaanks. Sources: --- Bees on Cocaine [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720998/] Caterpillar Cocaine [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16310975/] Weaponizing Caterpillars [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/cocaine-eating-moths-could-be-new-weapon-drug-war-180955307/] The Spider Web Drug Study [https://www.vice.com/en/article/4wbban/have-scientists-learned-anything-from-giving-drugs-to-spiders-1029] Giving an Elephant Too Much LSD [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YXXwBNd_4GuSWPu38j-01Vc2akLLpeXrWrUMthrca00/edit#gid=0] --- How Much PI Nasa Uses [https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2016/3/16/how-many-decimals-of-pi-do-we-really-need/] Approximations of Pi over Time [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Record_pi_approximations.svg/1600px-Record_pi_approximations.svg.png] How Much PI Nasa Uses [https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2016/3/16/how-many-decimals-of-pi-do-we-really-need/] Record Number of Pi Digits [https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute/calculating-31-4-trillion-digits-of-archimedes-constant-on-google-cloud] NPR on Record Pi Count [https://www.npr.org/2019/03/14/703566696/the-woman-who-calculated-31-trillion-digits-of-pi] --- Vantablack's Copyright Controversy [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/one-artist-has-monopoly-worlds-blackest-black-pigment-180958264/] The Pinkest Pink [https://culturehustle.com/products/pink-50g-powdered-paint-by-stuart-semple] Anish Kapoor's Middle Finger [https://www.dezeen.com/2016/12/30/anish-kapoor-uses-stuart-semple-worlds-pinkest-pink-despite-ban/] The NEW Blackest Black from MIT [https://news.mit.edu/2019/blackest-black-material-cnt-0913]

19.5 Figuring out the Age of the Earth What Defines a Dinosaur, with Evelyn Vollmer

How old did Aristotle think the Earth was? What makes a dinosaur a dinosaur? And how did our guest get into paleontology? Support us on Patreon! [https://www.patreon.com/letslearneverything] Join our Discord! [https://discord.gg/EZBvwBZkXv] We also learn about: getting started in paleontology, shooting lasers at fossils, artistotle thought the earth was infinitely old, getting the 6,000 number from bible family tree math, it’s infinitely old because because, melting rocks is science, Lord Kevlin’s real name was William Thompson??? every big name in science wanted to answer this question, Darwin was embaressed and deleted his tweet about the age of the Earth, “there’s so much we don’t know, it’s hilarious”, the rock cycle, Patteron fought for lead safety, thousands millions and billions, it took 4 billion years for a species to know the age of the Earth, what is a dinosaur? “cladistics is confusing as hell”, we were naming dinosaursas as we were discovering them, rebranding dinosaurs, aquatic and flying reptiles aren’t dinosaurs, Taphonomy, who hasn’t fused their vertebra during a mating ritual, coprolite, this poop is going to inspire the shit out of someone, being okay with not using absolutes on tiktok, the new jurassic parks are trash. Sources: --- Aristotle's Age of the Earth [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-natphil/] Kevlin's Age of the Earth [http://apps.usd.edu/esci/creation/age/content/failed_scientific_clocks/kelvin_cooling.html] Clair Patterson And The Age Of The Earth [https://publish.illinois.edu/clair-patterson/past-research-on-the-age-of-the-earth/] How to Calculate the Age of the Earth [https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/how-did-scientists-calculate-age-earth] --- Evelyn's TikTok Recommendations Ariel [https://www.tiktok.com/t/ZTRDnxwW1/] Myria Perez [https://www.tiktok.com/t/ZTRD7j3sq/] Holly simon [https://www.tiktok.com/t/ZTRDWwNJk/]

19: The Math of Conspiracy Theories, Why is Pluto not a Planet, and Animal Art

If all these conspiracy theories were real, what are the statistical odds they'd be kept secret? Why did Pluto get demoted from planethood? And can animals make art? Images we talk about: - Pierre’s Brassau’s Art [https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/pierre-brassau-paintings-at-boras-zoo] - Erased Dekooning Drawing [https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/98.298/] - Sean Thomas’ “Case Study” [https://www.letslearneverythingpod.com/sean-thomas-case-study.png] - Monkey Selfie [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_selfie_copyright_dispute] Support us on Patreon! [https://www.patreon.com/letslearneverything] Join our Discord! [https://discord.gg/EZBvwBZkXv] We also learn about: planes fly over Ella’s house? coincidence??, the conspiracy leak formula, gish gallop, the Tom & Caroline Show conspiracy, moon landing photos, the real conspiracy of climate change is with Exxon and Shell, pluto didn’t change - the definition of a planet changed, pluto is half the width of the US, what is a planet???, planets need a cleared orbit, the IAU assembly, it’s neptune’s fault! Ella quietly having an existential crisis, Mike Brown - the man who killed Pluto, why aren’t we talking about Eris?, what if we had 12 planets?, Ceres was also demoted like Pluto 200 years ago, the 8 planets are what aliens would want to visit, the kuiper belt isn’t packed with objects like you might imagine, Mike Brown’s humbleness of giving up Eris’ planethood, dwarf planet pokerap, what is animal art? what is art? Ella and Caroline write this topic apparently, Pierre Brassau, Erased DeKooning Drawing, enrichment, Naruto vs. Slater vs. Wikipedia, Lynda Barry and Howard Ikemoto on children’s art, everything is art! Sources: --- On the Viability of conspiratorial beliefs [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0147905] Conspiracy Theories: Causes and Cures [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008.00325.x] The PRISM Conspiracy [https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/17/4517480/nsa-spying-prism-surveillance-cheat-sheet] The Tuskegee Syphilis Study [https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/timeline.htm] The FBI Foresnic Scandal [https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/fbi-overstated-forensic-hair-matches-in-nearly-all-criminal-trials-for-decades/2015/04/18/39c8d8c6-e515-11e4-b510-962fcfabc310_story.html] Study on Disbelief of Moon Landing Photos [https://www.davidperlmutter-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Invisible-evidence.pdf] Climate Change [https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/] Shell and Exxon Climate Change Conspiracy [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/sep/19/shell-and-exxons-secret-1980s-climate-change-warnings] HBomberGuy's Vaccine Video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BIcAZxFfrc] --- Library of Congress: Why is Pluto No Longer a Planet? [https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/astronomy/item/why-is-pluto-no-longer-a-planet/#:~:text=Answer,neighboring%20region%20of%20other%20objects.%E2%80%9D] BBC: Why is Pluto No Longer a Planet? [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-33462184] Washington Post: Ever wondered why Pluto is no longer a planet?- [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/kidspost/pluto-not-a-planet/2021/08/23/ae8fd57c-fbb8-11eb-8a67-f14cd1d28e47_story.html] NASA: Pluto Overview [https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/dwarf-planets/pluto/overview/] IAU 2006 General Assembly [https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0603/] Mike Brown, Pluto Killer [https://earthsky.org/space/mike-brown-explains-why-he-killed-pluto/] Metzger’s Thoughts on Pluto and what makes a Planet [https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/pluto-dwarf-planet-definition-iau-astronomy] --- Pierre Brassau's Art [http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,870835,00.html] Jackson Pollock [https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/jackson-pollock-one-number-31-1950-1950/] Erased de Kooning Drawing [https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/98.298/] Animal Enrichment [https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/animal-enrichment] Do Elephants Enjoy Painting? [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Is-painting-by-elephants-in-zoos-as-enriching-as-we-English-Kaplan/c62fd995edbdfb74ee0099c362ba7db2499d957a] Ars Technica on the Monkey Selfie [https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/07/did-you-hear-the-one-about-a-monkey-suing-a-photographer-for-infringement/] NYT On Monkey Selfie [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/us/selfie-monkey-lawsuit-settlement.html] US Copyright Office Compendium of Practices [https://copyright.gov/comp3/docs/compendium.pdf] Lynda Barry's Making Comics [https://drawnandquarterly.com/books/making-comics/]

18: The Science of Gay, How Many Songs Fit in DNA, and Niche Sports

What is the nuanced science behind homosexuality in animals and humans? Is there a single gay gene? No. No absolutely not. But how many songs could you fit into a gram of DNA, and why would you want to? And what are some of the most niche sports and why are they still so great? Support us on Patreon! [https://www.patreon.com/letslearneverything] Join our Discord! [https://discord.gg/EZBvwBZkXv] We also learn about: Tom is an ally, 1500 observed gay animals from shrimps to apes, the adelie penguin story hidden for 100 years, dynamic region translation, dolphins are messed up, it’d be weird NOT to talk about gay animals, how is gay behavior evolutionarily beneficial? nuanced questions and bad actors, the myth of the gay gene, genes are complicated and so is being gay, the rage inducing paper that inspired this topic, Caroline’s brain is loading big numbers, what would you put write into dna?, making 70 billion copies of your own book, what’s a floppy drive?, the first iPod, the cost of DNA storage, the double but, different types of memory, storing data for longer than ipods will be remembered, we’re not allowed to take the piss out of these sports, roller derby, is throwing a goat any weirder than a sheep’s bladder or pig skin?, reaching your peak in your 40s, the sport popes have played, tickles that jiggly knowledge thing in my skull. Sources: --- Homosexual Behaviour in Animals: An Evolutionary Perspective [https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=KXM3F59y1jkC] An Alternative Hypothesis For the Evolution of Same-Sex Sexual Behaviour in Animals [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-1019-7.epdf] A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/495588] The Gay Gene? [https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.8332896] The Proof Against the Gay Gene [https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.284.5414.665] Genetics of Sexual Behavior [https://geneticsexbehavior.info/] The Bad Article that Inspired this Topic [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886917303422] Pink News Analysis of The Bad Article that Inspired this Topic [https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/05/19/homosexual-behaviour-in-women-only-developed-because-of-men-new-controversial-scientific-study-claims/?utm_source=PNT&utm_medium=SocialTwitter&utm_content=TwitterMN&utm_campaign=PNTwitter] --- DNA Data Review [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-019-0125-3] The First DNA Data, Microvenus [https://www.clotmag.com/biomedia/joe-davis] The First Book in DNA [https://wyss.harvard.edu/news/writing-the-book-in-dna/] Additional Review of DNA Data [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41596-019-0244-5] 200MB of DNA Storage with OK GO [https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4079] The OK GO Music Video Stored in DNA [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qybUFnY7Y8w] NYTimes on the First iPod [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/30/magazine/the-guts-of-a-new-machine.html] Testing the Stability of DNA Data [https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201411378] DNA Data Storage for 2 Million Years [https://www.kurzweilai.net/how-to-store-data-for-millions-of-years] The Time it Takes to Write DNA Data [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dna-the-ultimate-data-storage-solution/] Computerphile Explaining Reed-Solomon Compression [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBRMaEAFLE0] --- Home Game on Netflix [https://www.netflix.com/title/80227160] Roller Derby [https://www.cornwallrollerderby.co.uk/roller-derby-explained/] Roller Derby Rules [https://rules.wftda.com/summary.html] Buzkashi [https://secretcompass.com/what-is-buzkashi/] More Buzkashi [https://theculturetrip.com/asia/afghanistan/articles/buzkashi-afghanistans-goat-grabbing-national-sport/] Calcio Fiorentino/Storico [https://www.visitflorence.com/florence-events/calcio-storico-fiorentino.html] Calcio Fiorentino Nat Geo Interview [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/in-florence-italy-centuries-old-tradition-fights-for-survival]