Reformed Thinking
Deep Dive into Submission to Rulers (Romans 13:1-2) by Jonathan Edwards In his 1775 sermon on Romans 13, Jonathan Edwards addresses the nature of civil government and the biblical limits of civil obedience, specifically arguing against the doctrines of passive obedience and absolute non-resistance to political rulers. Edwards argues that while scripture generally commands submission to authority, these directives are broad rules rather than absolute, exceptionless mandates. He compares the command in Romans 13 to other universal biblical instructions, such as turning the other cheek, obeying masters, or forbidding oaths. Since Christians widely understand these other commands to have practical limitations based on context, Edwards concludes that the command to submit to rulers should be interpreted with similar nuance. Furthermore, he asserts that the apostle Paul's description of rulers as a terror to evil works establishes the intended purpose of government, rather than the literal character of all rulers in power. Drawing upon numerous biblical examples, such as the revolt of the ten tribes against Rehoboam, David's actions against Saul, and the resistance of the Maccabees, Edwards demonstrates that scripture often implicitly or explicitly justifies resisting tyrannical leadership. Thus, resistance becomes a lawful duty when established powers violate justice and the constitution, provided that opposing them ultimately promotes the greater public good. In the final section of his discourse, Edwards applies these theological principles to practical political action, giving explicit advice to the freemen for their local elections. He strongly cautions the citizens against electing officials who oppose the Continental Congress, who blame the citizens of Boston for their suffering, or who seek to divide the colonists. Additionally, he warns them to reject candidates who sow discord or mock colonial laws regarding armed self-defense. Ultimately, he urges the town to prove its loyalty to American rights by unanimously electing men of integrity who are steadfast advocates for liberty. Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologian Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@ReformedExplainer Worship Music: https://suno.com/playlist/3a498d0f-c90e-4981-8aa7-59834e7239f7 https://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730
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