FACTS

Pope Paul III and the Excommunication of King Henry VIII

Why was King Henry VIII excommunicated, and was it really just about divorce? In this episode of FACTS, we examine the full historical record behind Henry VIII’s break with Rome—from his marriages and annulment request to the final papal sentence issued by Pope Paul III. This episode covers: • Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon and the papal dispensation • Why Pope Clement VII never granted the annulment • How royal supremacy, not marriage alone, caused the schism • Rome’s repeated warnings and delayed judgment • The bull of excommunication issued by Pope Paul III in 1538 Drawing on primary sources and early modern papal records, Stephen Boyce and Pat May challenge the claim that Henry VIII was never truly excommunicated or that the English Reformation began as a theological reform. Instead, it shows how questions of authority, jurisdiction, and ecclesiology shaped the break with Rome. #HenryVIII #PopePaulIII #Excommunication #BreakWithRome #EnglishReformation If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

Martin Luther and Pope Leo X: Authority, Reform, and Schism

In this episode, we examine the decisive clash between Martin Luther and Pope Leo X, focusing on the documents and events that turned reform into rupture. We walk through Exsurge Domine (Arise, O Lord) and Decet Romanum Pontificem(It Becomes the Roman Pontiff), explaining what Rome actually condemned, why Luther refused to recant, and how authority, obedience, and doctrine became the central fault lines of the Reformation. The episode also explores Luther’s responses in 1520, the public burning of the papal bull, and the appeal to a future council, alongside Leo X’s broader vision for the Church, including his patronage of Renaissance art through figures like Michelangelo and Raphael. By grounding the discussion in primary sources rather than slogans, this episode asks a crucial question: who has the authority to judge doctrine when Scripture itself is disputed? This is a historical and theological deep dive into how competing claims of authority produced one of the most consequential schisms in Western Christian history. If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7 Here a the link to the documents: https://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo10/l10exdom.htm [https://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo10/l10exdom.htm] https://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo10/l10decet.htm [https://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo10/l10decet.htm]

Not Accretions: Infant Baptism & Icons Are Apostolic—A Catholic & Orthodox Response to Gavin Ortlund

In this episode, Dr. Stephen Boyce and PhD candidate, James Gilbert, examine Gavin Ortlund’s claims that infant baptism and icon veneration are later accretions rather than apostolic practices. As a Catholic and Orthodox team, we walk through Scripture, the early Church Fathers, archaeology, and conciliar history to show that these traditions are rooted deeply in the first centuries of Christianity. If you’re exploring the early Church, apostolic succession, baptismal theology, or the role of sacred images in worship, this conversation is for you. Here is the link to Gavin's Video on Infant Baptism: https://youtu.be/3WE0Ea2ke_c?si=pnQTfv524Ce7B5zV Here is his link to Icons and Nicaea II: https://youtu.be/aoU4PO5d6kQ?si=jjsfAhB36x6J4F1C Here is a link to Nicaea II Documents: https://www.papalencyclicals.net/councils/ecum07.htm If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

The Deathbed Restoration of Napoleon by Pope Pius VII

In this episode, Dr. Stephen Boyce explores the remarkable story of Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII — from alliance to captivity, and finally to forgiveness at death. After imprisoning the pontiff and waging political war against the Papal States, Napoleon spent his final years exiled on St. Helena. Yet in one of history’s most unexpected turns, the same Pope he once humiliated would later restore Napoleon to the Catholic Church on his deathbed. We trace the breakdown of Franco-Vatican relations, the French occupation of Rome, Pius VII’s steadfast resistance, and the extraordinary act of mercy that reunited the emperor with the Church at the end of his life. A story of power, pride, exile, and grace — and why Napoleon died a reconciled Catholic.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

Icons and the Incarnation: The Theology of Nicaea II

In this final episode of our series on the Seven Ecumenical Councils, Stephen Boyce and Pat May examine the Second Council of Nicaea (787) — the council that defended the veneration of icons and grounded sacred images in the Incarnation of Christ. We walk through the historical background of Byzantine iconoclasm, the political and theological tensions leading up to the council, and Nicaea II’s crucial distinction between veneration (proskynesis) and worship (latreia). The episode explains why the Church affirmed icons as a confession of the Incarnation rather than a lapse into idolatry. Along the way, we discuss early Christian Gospel manuscripts, the role of material culture in Christian worship, papal involvement at Nicaea II, and why this council remains a major dividing line between Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, and Protestant traditions. This episode brings the series to a close by showing how Christology, authority, Scripture, and sacred art come together in one of the most misunderstood councils in Church history. Link to the document: https://www.papalencyclicals.net/councils/ecum07.htm If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7