The 1752 Massacre at Calabar: Old Calabar and the Slave Trade

The 1823 Demerara Slave Revolt: Led by a Deacon

In August 1823, a massive slave revolt erupted in the British colony of Demerara (now Guyana). Unlike many uprisings, it was led not by a military commander but by a literate deacon named Jack Gladstone, inspired by rumors of emancipation from London. The revolt involved over 10,000 enslaved people but was brutally crushed by Governor John Murray and forces including the 21st Light Dragoons and Royal Navy. The rebellion's aftermath saw the hanging of missionary John Smith, whose trial became a scandal in Britain. This episode explores the revolt's origins in the spread of Christian teachings, the communication breakdown between missionaries and planters, and how it accelerated the abolition movement. We discuss the role of Bethel Chapel, the political context of the 1823 Colonial Office reforms, and the complex figure of Quamina, an enslaved deacon who may have tried to prevent violence. The revolt highlighted the brutal reality of colonial justice and presaged full emancipation in 1834. #DemeraraRebellion #JackGladstone #Quamina #JohnSmith #BethelChapel #Demerara #Guyana #1823SlaveRevolt #Abolition #Emancipation #ColonialOffice #BritishEmpire #EnslavedDeacon #BaptistMissionary #PlantationEconomy #19thCentury #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1807 Abolition Act: Britain Outlaws the Slave Trade

In 1807, after decades of activism, tragedy, and political maneuvering, the British Parliament voted to abolish the transatlantic slave trade. This episode explores the human stories behind the Abolition Act: the relentless campaigning of Thomas Clarkson, the moral authority of former slave Olaudah Equiano's autobiography, the parliamentary genius of William Wilberforce, and the brutal evidence of the Zong massacre that shocked the nation. We also consider the economic arguments against abolition, the role of Quaker petitioners, and the ironic loophole that allowed British ships to continue trading illegally under foreign flags. Lucas and Luna discuss the limits of the 1807 Act—it did not free a single enslaved person—and how it set the stage for the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833. The episode ends with a reflection on moral progress and the unfinished work of justice. #AbolitionAct1807 #WilliamWilberforce #ThomasClarkson #OlaudahEquiano #ZongMassacre #SlaveTradeAct #BritishParliament #Quakers #Abolitionism #GranvilleSharp #HannahMore #JamesStephen #SierraLeone #SlaveryAbolition1833 #AtlanticSlaveTrade #History #FexingoHistory #HumanRights Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1812 Aponte Rebellion: Cuba's Unsung Slave Revolt

In 1812, Cuba's largest slave conspiracy came to light. This episode uncovers the Aponte Rebellion, named after its leader José Antonio Aponte, a free Black carpenter and former militia lieutenant. We explore how Aponte organized across plantations near Havana, drawing inspiration from the Haitian Revolution and using secret meetings and an illustrated 'book of drawings' to rally support. The rebellion failed when authorities discovered the plot, leading to mass arrests and Aponte's execution. We discuss the wider context of Cuba's booming sugar economy, the brutal treatment of enslaved Africans, and the enduring legacy of resistance. This is a story of courage, repression, and the fight for freedom that history often overlooks. #AponteRebellion #JoséAntonioAponte #CubaHistory #Havana #1812 #SlaveRevolt #HaitianRevolution #SugarPlantations #PlantationSociety #CaribbeanHistory #Slavery #Resistance #SpanishColony #AtlanticWorld #19thCentury #FreedomFighters #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1791 Haitian Revolution Outbreak: Bois Caïman Ceremony

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the opening chapter of the Haitian Revolution, the only successful slave revolt that created an independent Black republic. They focus on the Bois Caïman ceremony of August 1791, where the enslaved leader Boukman Dutty and priestess Cécile Fatiman invoked Vodou spirits to ignite the uprising. The conversation covers the social hierarchy of Saint-Domingue—grand blancs, petits blancs, and gens de couleur libres—and how the French Revolution's Declaration of the Rights of Man created contradictions in a slave colony. Lucas explains the role of Vodou as a unifying force, the strategic targeting of plantations, and the rapid spread of the revolt that soon involved thousands of enslaved Africans. The episode also touches on the subsequent leadership of Toussaint Louverture, Jean-François, and Biassou, and the brutal retaliation by French colonists. This is a deep dive into a pivotal moment that reshaped the Atlantic world, connecting the Caribbean to the Age of Revolution. #HaitianRevolution #BoisCaïman #BoukmanDutty #CécileFatiman #Vodou #SaintDomingue #ToussaintLouverture #1791 #CaribbeanHistory #SlaveRevolt #FrenchRevolution #CodeNoir #GensDeCouleur #Ogoun #Maroons #AtlanticWorld #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1688 Germantown Protest: The First American Anti-Slavery Petition

Four German Quakers in a small Pennsylvania town drafted the first known public protest against slavery in the American colonies in 1688. This episode explores the Germantown Mennonite community, the Radical Pietist theology that inspired Francis Daniel Pastorius and his neighbors, the text of their petition to the Monthly Meeting, and the complex web of reasons it was tabled — not rejected outright, but passed up through Quaker hierarchy until it quietly died. We discuss the tension between the Friends' growing antislavery conscience and their economic entanglement with the slave trade, the role of the Meeting system in suppressing dissent, and how this document — rediscovered in 1844 — became a touchstone for later abolitionists from Whittier to Douglass. We also consider the limits of the protest: it was directed against Quaker slaveholders, not the institution itself, and it relied on biblical arguments, not racial equality. A nuanced look at a moment of moral clarity that failed to take hold. #GermantownProtest #FrancisDanielPastorius #QuakerAbolition #Pennsylvania #1688 #RadicalPietist #Mennonite #GarrettHenderich #DerickOpdengraeff #AbrahamOpdengraeff #MonthlyMeeting #Slavery #Abolition #ColonialAmerica #JohnGreenleafWhittier #FrederickDouglass #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]