The Lost Conquistador: Juan de Grijalva and the Yucatán

The Encomienda System: Legalized Slavery in Spanish America

In the wake of conquest, the Spanish Crown faced a dilemma: how to reward its soldiers and settlers while maintaining control over millions of newly subjugated Indigenous people. The answer was the encomienda — a grant of native labor that became the backbone of colonial exploitation for centuries. This episode traces the encomienda from its medieval origins in the Reconquista to its brutal implementation in the Caribbean and Mesoamerica. We explore how figures like Nicolás de Ovando and Hernán Cortés used the system, how Bartolomé de las Casas fought against it, and how the Leyes Nuevas of 1542 tried — and largely failed — to reform it. We also look at Indigenous resistance, the demographic collapse that made the system unsustainable, and the encomienda's long shadow over modern Latin America. Specific names and terms include: Isabel la Católica, La Rábida, Requerimiento, Repartimiento, Mit'a, Yanacona, Tasa de Tlatelolco, and the writings of Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda. A frank look at how legal frameworks enabled genocide. #Encomienda #SpanishColonialism #BartolomeDeLasCasas #LeyesNuevas #NicolasDeOvando #IsabelLaCatolica #Requerimiento #TasaDeTlatelolco #Repartimiento #IndigenousResistance #ColonialMexico #Hispaniola #Mesoamerica #Slavery #Genocide #History #FexingoHistory #Conquistadors Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Cholula Massacre: Cortés's Calculated Terror

In October 1519, just months before the march on Tenochtitlan, Hernán Cortés and his indigenous allies carried out a brutal preemptive attack on the religious center of Cholula. This episode examines the Cholula massacre not as a random act of violence, but as a calculated political strategy. We explore the city's significance as a center of Quetzalcoatl worship, the complex factional politics that led to the massacre, the conflicting accounts of whether a Cholulan plot actually existed, and how the massacre sent a chilling message across Mesoamerica. Drawing on native accounts from the Florentine Codex and Lienzo de Tlaxcala, as well as Spanish chronicles by Bernal Díaz del Castillo and Cortés himself, we unpack what really happened at Cholula and why it matters for understanding the conquest. #CholulaMassacre #HernánCortés #LaMalinche #Quetzalcoatl #FlorentineCodex #LienzoDeTlaxcala #BernalDíaz #Tlaxcala #Cholula #Mesoamerica #Conquistadors #SpanishConquest #IndigenousAllies #History #FexingoHistory #Massacre #16thCentury #WarCrimes Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Cortés's Indian Allies: The Indigenous Conquest of Mexico

When Hernán Cortés marched on Tenochtitlan in 1519, his Spanish army was tiny. The real fighting force was tens of thousands of Indigenous allies — Tlaxcalans, Totonacs, Huexotzincans, and others who saw the Spanish as a weapon against Aztec domination. This episode examines the complex alliances that made the conquest possible: the motives of each Indigenous group, the role of Cortés's interpreter Malintzin in forging these pacts, and the long-term consequences for allied communities who expected freedom but got colonial rule instead. We look closely at the Tlaxcalan-Xicotencatl family's internal debate over allying with the strangers, the Totonac revolt at Cempoala that opened the door, and how the Spanish used divide-and-conquer tactics to pit Mesoamerican peoples against each other. The conversation also touches on the Lienzo de Tlaxcala, a post-conquest pictorial manuscript that shows the conquest from the Tlaxcalan perspective. Far from a simple story of European victory, the fall of the Aztec Empire was an Indigenous civil war, and the 'conquistadors' were just the tip of the spear. #Cortés #Tlaxcala #Malintzin #Xicotencatl #Cempoala #Totonac #Huexotzinco #AztecEmpire #Mesoamerica #ConquestOfMexico #LienzoDeTlaxcala #IndigenousAlliances #SpanishConquest #HernánCortés #MoctezumaII #divideandconquer #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Mixtón War: Indigenous Uprising in Nueva Galicia

In 1540, just years after the fall of Tenochtitlan, a massive indigenous rebellion erupted in Nueva Galicia—northwest Mexico. The Mixtón War pitted the Caxcan people and their allies against the Spanish empire. This episode explores the roots of the conflict: slaving raids, forced labor, and the violent imposition of encomiendas. We follow the revolt's leader, Tenamaxtli, and the brutal Spanish response led by viceroy Antonio de Mendoza and the infamous conquistador Pedro de Alvarado, who met his end during the campaign. We examine the siege of the Mixtón fortress, the role of Tlaxcalan auxiliaries fighting alongside Spaniards, and how the war reshaped colonial policy, leading to stricter controls on indigenous slavery. The episode also touches on the legacy of the rebellion in Mexican memory and the contested narratives of resistance and collaboration. #MixtónWar #NuevaGalicia #Caxcan #Tenamaxtli #PedrodeAlvarado #AntoniodeMendoza #Encomienda #IndigenousResistance #MexicanHistory #Conquistadors #TlaxcalanAuxiliaries #Nochistlán #1540 #ColonialMexico #History #FexingoHistory #Mesoamerica #SpanishEmpire Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Tarascan Empire: Bronze Age Rival to the Aztecs

While the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire is well-known, the story of the Tarascan Empire (also known as the Purépecha) is less familiar but equally fascinating. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how this Mesoamerican state in present-day Michoacán not only resisted Aztec expansion but also developed unique bronze-working technologies, sophisticated fortifications, and a centralized bureaucracy. The Tarascans wielded bronze-tipped weapons, axes, and even ceremonial bells — a metalworking tradition that set them apart from their neighbors. Their capital, Tzintzuntzan, with its distinctive five-sided pyramids called yácatas, was a hub of power. We delve into the reign of Cazonci Tangáxuan II, who faced the Spanish after the fall of Tenochtitlan, and the brutal campaign of conquistador Cristóbal de Olid. We also examine the controversial Relación de Michoacán, a key colonial source on Purépecha culture, and the empire's legacy of resistance. This episode challenges the narrative that all of Mesoamerica fell easily to the Spanish, highlighting a civilization that nearly mastered bronze. #TarascanEmpire #Purepecha #Mesoamerica #BronzeAge #Tzintzuntzan #Yacatas #Cazonci #TangaxuanII #CristobaldeOlid #RelaciondeMichoacan #Michoacan #AztecRival #Metallurgy #PreColumbian #Conquistadors #History #FexingoHistory #IndigenousResistance Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]