Catherine the Great's Nakaz and the Enlightenment Dream in Russia

Catherine the Great's Nakaz and the Enlightenment Dream in Russia

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Catherine the Great's ambitious Nakaz, or 'Instruction' — a political treatise meant to reform Russia's legal code and government along Enlightenment lines. Drawing heavily on the ideas of Montesquieu, Beccaria, and other Western thinkers, Catherine crafted a document that called for equality before the law, due process, and limits on torture and serfdom. Yet the Nakaz also reveals the contradictions of her reign: while it proclaimed lofty ideals, it never abolished serfdom, and the Legislative Commission she convened to implement it was quickly dissolved. Lucas unpacks the making of the Nakaz, its radical passages on capital punishment, the fierce debates it provoked among nobles and clergy, and its ultimate legacy as a blueprint for reform that never fully materialized. Along the way, they also touch on Catherine's correspondence with Voltaire and Diderot, and the role of the Nakaz in shaping Russia's self-image as a European power. No prior knowledge needed — just a curiosity about one of history's most fascinating rulers. #CatherineTheGreat #RussianEmpire #Enlightenment #Nakaz #Montesquieu #Beccaria #Voltaire #Diderot #LegislativeCommission #LegalReform #Serfdom #DebateOnTorture #CapitalPunishment #Despotism #18thCentury #HistoryPodcast #FexingoHistory #EuropeanHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Catherine the Great and the Greek Project: Dream of a New Byzantium

For decades Catherine the Great nurtured a grand vision: to conquer Constantinople from the Ottomans and restore the Byzantine Empire under Russian rule. This episode dives into the origins, execution, and legacy of the Greek Project — a secret plan involving military campaigns, diplomatic maneuvering, and even a Russian prince named Constantine destined for the throne. We trace the project from the 1768-74 Russo-Turkish War and the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca through Potemkin's grand schemes in Novorossiya, the annexation of Crimea in 1783, and the spectacular 1787 journey to the Tauride Palace. Along the way we encounter the double-headed eagle, the dream of Tsargrad, and the fatal clash with Austria and the Ottoman Sultan. A story of ambition, propaganda, and the limits of imperial power. #CatherineTheGreat #GreekProject #Byzantium #RussianEmpire #OttomanEmpire #Potemkin #Novorossiya #Crimea #Tsargrad #Constantinople #KüçükKaynarca #EasternQuestion #RussoTurkishWar #ImperialHistory #18thCentury #History #FexingoHistory #EasternEurope Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Catherine the Great and the First Partition of Poland 1772

In 1772, Russia, Prussia, and Austria carved up the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the First Partition, a move that shocked Europe and redrew the map. Lucas and Luna explore Catherine the Great's motivations—securing her western border while distracting the Ottoman Empire and satisfying Frederick the Great. They discuss the Sejm's forced ratification under Russian military pressure, the territorial losses (about 30% of Poland's land and half its population), and the ideological gymnastics: Catherine's Enlightenment rhetoric versus realpolitik. Names like Stackelberg, Poniatowski, and Repnin surface. They touch on how the Partition set a precedent for the destruction of a sovereign state and fueled Polish resistance for generations. #FirstPartitionOfPoland #CatherineTheGreat #PolishLithuanianCommonwealth #FrederickTheGreat #MariaTheresa #StanislawAugustPoniatowski #Sejm #Realpolitik #Enlightenment #BarConfederation #NicholasRepnin #Stackelberg #EasternEurope #18thCentury #RussianEmpire #Prussia #Austria #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Catherine the Great and the Crimean Annexation of 1783

In 1783, Catherine the Great annexed the Crimean Khanate, a bold move that reshaped Eastern Europe. This episode dives into the diplomatic maneuvering, the role of Grigory Potemkin, the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, and the establishment of Sevastopol as a Black Sea naval base. We explore the fate of the last Crimean khan, Şahin Giray, and how Catherine's Greek Project aimed to revive Byzantium. The conversation also touches on the reactions of European powers like France and Britain, and the long-term consequences for Crimea's Tatar population. A pivotal moment in Russian expansion. #CrimeanAnnexation #CatherineTheGreat #GrigoryPotemkin #Sevastopol #BlackSeaFleet #GreekProject #ŞahinGiray #TreatyOfKüçükKaynarca #CrimeanKhanate #Novorossiya #RussianEmpire #Tatars #EasternEurope #18thCentury #Diplomacy #NavalHistory #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Catherine the Great's Greek Project and the Dream of Byzantium

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Catherine the Great's ambitious Greek Project—her grand plan to resurrect the Byzantine Empire under Russian control. They discuss how Grigory Potemkin championed this vision, the role of the Crimean Peninsula as a stepping stone, and the naming of Catherine's grandson Constantine with imperial aspirations. The conversation covers the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, the annexation of Crimea in 1783, the founding of Sevastopol and the Black Sea Fleet, and the diplomatic reactions of European powers like Austria and France. They delve into the symbolic use of Byzantine imagery, Potemkin's military campaigns against the Ottomans, and why the project ultimately failed. The episode also touches on the cultural foundations of the dream, including the transfer of the Byzantine double-headed eagle to Russian heraldry and the establishment of Novorossiya as a frontier region. A brief interlude discusses how listener support through Buy Me a Coffee keeps Fexingo ad-free and independent. #CatherineTheGreat #GreekProject #GrigoryPotemkin #ByzantineEmpire #Crimea #Novorossiya #RussoTurkishWars #Sevastopol #BlackSeaFleet #TreatyOfKucukKaynarca #ConstantinePavlovich #EasternQuestion #RussianEmpire #18thCentury #History #Podcast #FexingoHistory #OttomanEmpire Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]