THE ACCUSED MUST EXPLAIN: REVERSE BURDEN OF PROOF - With Salman Khurshid, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala

THE ACCUSED MUST EXPLAIN: REVERSE BURDEN OF PROOF - With Salman Khurshid, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala

WHEN THE ACCUSED MUST EXPLAIN: REVERSE BURDEN OF PROOF - With Salman Khurshid, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala Chapters: 00:00 Reverse Burden of Proof: How Does It Change Criminal Law? 05:57 Can Reverse Burden of Proof Coexist with the Presumption of Innocence? 07:52 Why Was Reverse Burden of Proof Introduced in the First Place? 11:00 When Does the Burden Shift to the Accused? 13:57 What Standard Must the Accused Meet: Beyond Reasonable Doubt or Balance of Probabilities? 15:02 Why Do Special Laws Reverse the Burden of Proof? 17:03 Does Reverse Burden of Proof Undermine the Right Against Self-Incrimination? 20:05 What If the Accused Does Not Have Resources to Prove Their Innocence? 23:26 Who Bears Responsibility for the Chain of Custody—and What Role Does the Accused Play? 24:25 Can Weak Prosecution Evidence Still Lead to Conviction? 26:06 What Are the Constitutional Limits of Reverse Burden of Proof? 27:09 Can Reverse Burden of Proof Alone Secure a Conviction? 28:27 Does Reverse Burden of Proof Actually Improve Conviction Rates or Deter Crime? 29:06 What Safeguards Are Needed to Prevent Misuse of Reverse Burden Laws? Disclaimer The content of this programme is intended for information,entertainment and general awareness purposes only; no legal advice is being given to the viewer. If you have a legal query, concern or problem please seek professional legal advice. No information received from the program should be relied upon or used without consulting a lawyer to consider your specificcircumstances, possible changes to applicable laws, rules and regulations and other legal issues. The views expressed herein are an individual’s own and do notreflect the views of the creators of Follow the Law or ITMN TV. www.itmn.tv Panel of Lawyers: Salman Khurshid, Senior Advocate and Former Minister of Law & Justice, Raghav Bahl & Niharika Karanjawala.

THE LAW ON CONFESSION AND CUSTODIAL INTERROGATION | Manu Sharma, Senior Advocate, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala

THE LAW ON CONFESSION AND CUSTODIALINTERROGATION | Manu Sharma, Senior Advocate, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala Chapters: 00:00 Why are police confessions generally inadmissible? What about statements to the ED, Customs, and NCB? 04:15 When can an inadmissible confession still be used for corroboration? 05:10 Why does the law view police confessions with suspicion? 06:49 Magistrates, confessions, and police custody: How does this safeguard work? 08:21 Judicial vs. extra-judicial confessions: What's the difference? 10:43 What happens when a judicial confession is retracted? 11:28 Can a confession alone be enough to convict? 12:52 BNSS explained: The new law on staggered police custody 15:55 Police custody: What must investigators prove before a court? 17:09 How do courts balance effective investigation with individual liberty? 18:44 Can an accused's silence or alleged non-cooperation justify further custody? 20:09 Where does the law draw the line on coercive interrogation tactics? 21:45 Are existing safeguards against custodial abuse enough? 23:04 Police custody: Must an accused be produced physically before a magistrate? 24:17 What legal remedies exist for torture or coercion in custody? 24:52 How can an accused safely complain against officials while still in their custody? 25:35 How do Articles 20(3) and 21 shape the law on confessions and custodial interrogation? 27:07 What reforms are needed to better balance investigative powers and individual rights? Disclaimer The content of this programme is intended for information,entertainment and general awareness purposes only; no legal advice is being given to the viewer. If you have a legal query, concern or problem please seek professional legal advice. No information received from the program should be relied upon or used without consulting a lawyer to consider your specific circumstances, possible changes to applicable laws, rules and regulations and other legal issues. The views expressed herein are an individual’s own and do notreflect the views of the creators of Follow the Law or ITMN TV. www.itmn.tv

LIBERTY TO TRAVEL ABROAD & LAW ON LOOKOUT CIRCULARS | Nandita Rao, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala

Liberty to Travel Abroad & Law on Lookout Circulars | Nandita Rao, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala Chapters: 00:00 Is the right to travel abroad a fundamental right or a privilege granted by the state? 02:20 In what circumstances can the state curtail one’s right to travel abroad? 05:27 Under what specific public or economic interest can the state curtail one’s travel? 06:31 Would any offences or registration of FIR disentitle one to travel abroad? 06:58 Are LOC issued for a time frame or are they indefinite? 08:20 What does the law say about informing individuals in case an LOC is issued? 09:44 When challenging an LOC what does one have to demonstrate to the court? 11:40 What view have the courts taken to restricting travel of an accused, not convicted? 13:55 If the investigations go on for a long time do LOCs remain active? 16:15 Any landmark judgements that have shaped this area of the law? 18:10 Can Passport authority refuse to renew the passport if a criminal case is pending? 21:21 In case of a passport refusal or cancellation what remedy does one have? 21:36 In case of conviction in a criminal case, how does one’s rights change? 22:50 In case a LOC is wrongfully issued is there any remedy to make good one’s loss? 23:46 Are there any suggestions that you have to balance the rights and responsibilities? Disclaimer The content of this programme is intended for information,entertainment and general awareness purposes only; no legal advice is being given to the viewer. If you have a legal query, concern or problem please seek professional legal advice. No information received from the program should be relied upon or used without consulting a lawyer to consider your specificcircumstances, possible changes to applicable laws, rules and regulations and other legal issues. The views expressed herein are an individual’s own and do notreflect the views of the creators of Follow the Law or ITMN TV. Follow the Law : Roundtable with Nandita Rao, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala www.itmn.tv

PEACE BOND 'KALANDRA' : POLICE POWERS, CITIZEN RIGHTS AND REMEDIES | Ramesh Gupta, Sr. Advocate, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala

PEACE BOND 'KALANDRA' : POLICE POWERS, CITIZEN RIGHTS AND REMEDIES | Ramesh Gupta, Sr. Advocate, Raghav Bahl, Niharika Karanjawala Chapters 00:00 What Is a Peace Bond (Kalandra)? 01:00 What Happens When Police Initiate a Kalandra? 03:50 What Must Police Establish Before Taking Action? 04:28 Is Mere Apprehension of a Breach of Peace Enough? 05:04 Can Police Use Kalandras in Civil Disputes? 06:13 What Rights Does a Citizen Have During These Proceedings? 07:47 What are the Key Legal Safeguards Against Misuse 08:16 Does a Kalandra Become Your Criminal Record? 09:09 What do Courts Say on the Routine or Mechanical Use of Kalandras? 09:33 What If You Are the Victim, Not the Troublemaker? 10:25 Must Police Communicate the Reasons for Action? 11:16 Can Police Keep Your Biometrics in case of proceedings? 11:35 Can a Kalandra Affect Your Job or Arms Licence? 12:13 Duration of a Peace Bond and Possible Detention 12:38 How Courts Balance Public Safety and Individual Rights 13:41 How to Balance rights as Preventive Action May Damage Your Reputation? 14:28 Police Accountability When Exercising Preventive Powers 14:51 Reforming the Law: What Needs to Change? Disclaimer The content of this programme is intended for information,entertainment and general awareness purposes only; no legal advice is being given to the viewer. If you have a legal query, concern or problem please seek professional legal advice. No information received from the program should be relied upon or used without consulting a lawyer to consider your specificcircumstances, possible changes to applicable laws, rules and regulations and other legal issues. The views expressed herein are an individual’s own and do notreflect the views of the creators of Follow the Law or ITMN TV.

PIL: SEEKING JUSTICE FOR THE GREATER GOOD | Justice Madan Lokur, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India, Raghav Bahl & Niharika Karanjawala

Public Interest Litigation: Seeking Justice for the Greater Good | with Justice Madan Lokur, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India, Raghav Bahl & Niharika Karanjawala Chapters: 00:00 What is a PIL and how does it differs from an ordinary case? 02:07 How did PIL evolve in the Indian legal system? 06:24 Is it now easier for concerned citizens to approach the courts?07:36 What are the various ways a PIL can be initiated? 09:17 Have courts taken up Suo Moto PILS from news reports or social media? 10:30 Procedurally, is it easier to file a PIL? 11:05 Are PILs treated differently by courts to litigation? 12:41 What are the consequences to filing a frivolous or motivated PIL? 16:57 Is there sufficient information on PILs and their usefulness in the public domain? 17:25 What reforms are needed in the PIL? 18:23 Which are the sectors that PILs can still drive greater public good? Disclaimer : The content of this programme is intended for information, entertainment and general awareness purposes only; no legal advice is being given to the viewer. If you have a legal query, concern or problem please seek professional legal advice. No information received from the program should be relied upon or used without consulting a lawyer to consider your specific circumstances, possible changes to applicable laws, rules and regulations and other legal issues. The views expressed herein are an individual’s own and do not reflect the views of the creators of Follow the Law or ITMN TV. Roundtable : Justice Madan Lokur, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India, Raghav Bahl & Niharika Karanjawala Subscribe to Follow the Law to remain informed and empowered.