Lenny's Podcast: Product | Growth | Career

Andrew Wilkinson is the co‑founder of Tiny, a holding company that quietly owns more than three dozen profitable internet and consumer brands, including Dribbble and the AeroPress coffee maker. Starting as a teenage barista and web designer, he’s created a portfolio approaching $300 million in yearly sales (and he was personally worth over $1 billion at one point)—all without ever raising venture capital. In this conversation, you’ll learn: 1. The “fish where the fish are” framework for spotting high‑margin niches no one else notices 2. The exact agent stack (Lindy, Replit, Limitless, and more) that supercharges Andrew’s day-to-day productivity (and has replaced his assistant) 3. How Andrew evaluates companies in less than 15 minutes using Buffett‑style moats and “lazy leadership” 4. Telltale signs you should shut down (or never start) that startup idea 5. His journey from crippling anxiety to clarity through SSRIs and ADHD medication 6. His prediction that most knowledge work will be automated—and the skills to teach your kids now — Brought to you by: Sauce [http://sauce.app/lenny]—Turn customer pain into product revenue Enterpret [https://enterpret.com/lenny]—Transform customer feedback into product growth Miro [https://miro.com/lenny]—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life — Where to find Andrew Wilkinson: • X: https://x.com/awilkinson [https://x.com/awilkinson] • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/awilkinson/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/awilkinson/] — Where to find Lenny: • Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com] • X: https://twitter.com/lennysan [https://twitter.com/lennysan] • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/] — In this episode, we cover: (00:00) Introduction to Andrew Wilkinson (04:07) Finding the right business idea (07:18) Avoiding common business pitfalls (11:58) Finding your unfair advantage (17:08) Fish where the fish are (20:08) Why boring is good (25:30) Bootstrapping vs. venture capital (31:20) Lessons from acquiring and managing businesses (36:47) Avoiding people problems (42:39) Leveraging AI in business and life (49:30) The Limitless device (53:13) Job displacement and AI’s future impact (58:20) Advice for new grads (01:02:50) Parenting in the age of AI (01:05:26) The pursuit of happiness beyond wealth (01:10:10) Mental health and medication (01:16:45) Lightning round and final thoughts — Referenced: • Andrew’s post on X with the Charlie Munger quote: https://x.com/awilkinson/status/1265653805443506182 [https://x.com/awilkinson/status/1265653805443506182] • Metalab: https://www.metalab.com/ [https://www.metalab.com/] • Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/ [https://letterboxd.com/] • AeroPress: https://aeropress.com/ [https://aeropress.com/] • Brian Armstrong on X: https://x.com/brian_armstrong [https://x.com/brian_armstrong] • Warren Buffett’s quote: https://quotefancy.com/quote/931119/Warren-Buffett-I-am-a-better-investor-because-I-am-a-businessman-and-a-better-businessman [https://quotefancy.com/quote/931119/Warren-Buffett-I-am-a-better-investor-because-I-am-a-businessman-and-a-better-businessman] • Flow: https://www.getflow.com/ [https://www.getflow.com/] • Instacart: https://www.instacart.com/ [https://www.instacart.com/] • Things: https://culturedcode.com/things/ [https://culturedcode.com/things/] • Dustin Moskovitz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dmoskov/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/dmoskov/] • Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/ [https://www.salesforce.com/] • Serato: https://serato.com/ [https://serato.com/] • Chris Sparling on X: https://x.com/_sparling_ [https://x.com/_sparling_] • Lindy: https://www.lindy.ai/ [https://www.lindy.ai/] • Replit: https://replit.com/ [https://replit.com/] • Behind the product: Replit | Amjad Masad (co-founder and CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/behind-the-product-replit-amjad-masad [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/behind-the-product-replit-amjad-masad] • David Ogilvy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ogilvy_(businessman) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ogilvy_(businessman)] • Malcolm Gladwell’s website: https://www.gladwellbooks.com/ [https://www.gladwellbooks.com/] • Inside Bolt: From near-death to ~$40m ARR in 5 months—one of the fastest-growing products in history | Eric Simons (founder and CEO of StackBlitz): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-bolt-eric-simons [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-bolt-eric-simons] • Building Lovable: $10M ARR in 60 days with 15 people | Anton Osika (CEO and co-founder): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-lovable-anton-osika [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-lovable-anton-osika] • Limitless: https://www.limitless.ai/ [https://www.limitless.ai/] • Perplexity: https://www.perplexity.ai/ [https://www.perplexity.ai/] • Claude: https://claude.ai/ [https://claude.ai/] • ChatGPT: https://chatgpt.com/ [https://chatgpt.com/] • Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/app [https://gemini.google.com/app] • William Gibson’s quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/681-the-future-is-already-here-it-s-just-not-evenly [https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/681-the-future-is-already-here-it-s-just-not-evenly] • Palm Treo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Treo [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Treo] • Sam Altman on X: https://x.com/sama [https://x.com/sama] • Dario Amodei on X: https://x.com/darioamodei [https://x.com/darioamodei] • Anthropic’s CPO on what comes next | Mike Krieger (co-founder of Instagram): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/anthropics-cpo-heres-what-comes-next [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/anthropics-cpo-heres-what-comes-next] • Challengers on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/challengers/umc.cmc.53cuz33n4e74ixj8whccj87oc [https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/challengers/umc.cmc.53cuz33n4e74ixj8whccj87oc] • Matic vacuum: https://maticrobots.com/ [https://maticrobots.com/] • Jerzy Gregorek’s quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/8652595-hard-choices-easy-life-easy-choices-hard-life [https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/8652595-hard-choices-easy-life-easy-choices-hard-life] • Tiny: https://www.tiny.com/ [https://www.tiny.com/] • Dribbble: https://dribbble.com/ [https://dribbble.com/] — Recommended books: • The Laws of Human Nature: https://www.amazon.com/Laws-Human-Nature-Robert-Greene/dp/0525428143 [https://www.amazon.com/Laws-Human-Nature-Robert-Greene/dp/0525428143] • How to Get Rich: One of the World’s Greatest Entrepreneurs Shares His Secrets: https://www.amazon.com/How-Get-Rich-Greatest-Entrepreneurs/dp/1591842719 [https://www.amazon.com/How-Get-Rich-Greatest-Entrepreneurs/dp/1591842719] — Production and marketing by https://penname.co/ [https://penname.co/]. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com [podcast@lennyrachitsky.com]. — Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]

David Placek is the founder of Lexicon Branding, a company that focuses exclusively on the development of brand names for competitive advantage. Lexicon is behind iconic names such as Sonos, Microsoft’s Azure, Windsurf, Vercel, Impossible Foods, BlackBerry, Intel’s Pentium, Apple’s PowerBook, and Swiffer. Over 40 years, David’s team has named nearly 4,000 brands and companies, employing over 250 linguists and pioneering naming innovation. What you’ll learn: 1. The three-step process that generated names like Windsurf and Vercel 2. How a name can give you the edge that no marketing budget can buy 3. Why you won’t “know it when you see it” 4. Why Microsoft called Azure “a dumb name” before it became their billion-dollar cloud platform 5. Why polarizing opinions are the strongest signal that you’ve found the right name 6. How every letter of the alphabet creates a specific psychological vibration 7. The diamond framework: a 4-step process any founder can use to find their perfect name 8. Why domain names don’t matter anymore in the age of AI — Brought to you by: WorkOS [https://workos.com/lenny]—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs Stripe [https://stripe.com/]—Helping companies of all sizes grow revenue OneSchema [https://oneschema.co/lenny]—Import CSV data 10x faster — Where to find David Placek: • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-placek-05a82/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-placek-05a82/] • Website: https://www.lexiconbranding.com [https://www.lexiconbranding.com] — Where to find Lenny: • Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com] • X: https://twitter.com/lennysan [https://twitter.com/lennysan] • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/] — In this episode, we cover: (00:00) Introduction to David and Lexicon Branding (04:44) The story of Sonos (09:27) The psychology of naming (11:33) The initial resistance to Microsoft's Azure (14:35) The importance of a great brand name (18:11) The three steps of naming: create, invent, implement (28:23) Qualities of great brand name creators (31:24) How long the naming process takes (32:12) The Windsurf case study (36:10) Naming in the AI era (39:37) When to change your name (43:10) The role of linguists (45:54) The power of letters in branding (48:15) The Vercel case study (50:12) The implementation phase (52:52) Client management and market success (55:16) The diamond exercise (01:04:23) Suspending judgment (01:07:31) Polarization and boldness (01:11:01) Domain names (01:12:48) Final thoughts and lightning round — Referenced: • PowerBook: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerBook [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerBook] • Pentium: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium] • BlackBerry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry] • Swiffer: https://www.swiffer.com/ [https://www.swiffer.com/] • Impossible Burger: https://impossiblefoods.com/ [https://impossiblefoods.com/] • Vercel: https://vercel.com/ [https://vercel.com/] • Windsurf: https://windsurf.com/ [https://windsurf.com/] • CapCut: https://www.capcut.com/ [https://www.capcut.com/] • Azure: https://azure.microsoft.com/ [https://azure.microsoft.com/] • Sonos: https://www.sonos.com/ [https://www.sonos.com/] • John MacFarlane on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-macfarlane-08a8aa20/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-macfarlane-08a8aa20/] • Harry Potter: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)] • The Call of the Wild: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Call_of_the_Wild [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Call_of_the_Wild] • Everyone’s an engineer now: Inside v0’s mission to create a hundred million builders | Guillermo Rauch (founder and CEO of Vercel, creators of v0 and Next.js [http://next.js]): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/everyones-an-engineer-now-guillermo-rauch [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/everyones-an-engineer-now-guillermo-rauch] • Sound symbolism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_symbolism [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_symbolism] • Anduril: https://www.anduril.com/ [https://www.anduril.com/] • Anthropic: https://www.anthropic.com/ [https://www.anthropic.com/] • Inside Bolt: From near-death to ~$40m ARR in 5 months—one of the fastest-growing products in history | Eric Simons (founder and CEO of StackBlitz): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-bolt-eric-simons [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-bolt-eric-simons] • The rise of Cursor: The $300M ARR AI tool that engineers can’t stop using | Michael Truell (co-founder and CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-rise-of-cursor-michael-truell [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-rise-of-cursor-michael-truell] • Building a magical AI code editor used by over 1 million developers in four months: The untold story of Windsurf | Varun Mohan (co-founder and CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-untold-story-of-windsurf-varun-mohan [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-untold-story-of-windsurf-varun-mohan] • Y Combinator: https://www.ycombinator.com/ [https://www.ycombinator.com/] • Chevrolet Corvette: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette] • Viagra: https://www.viagra.com/ [https://www.viagra.com/] • In vino veritas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vino_veritas [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vino_veritas] • Infoseek: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infoseek [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infoseek] • Andy Grove: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Grove [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Grove] • Churchill at War on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81609374 [https://www.netflix.com/title/81609374] • Yellowstone on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Yellowstone-Season-1/dp/B07D7FBB8Z [https://www.amazon.com/Yellowstone-Season-1/dp/B07D7FBB8Z] • 1883 on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/1883-Season-1/dp/B0B8JTS8QW [https://www.amazon.com/1883-Season-1/dp/B0B8JTS8QW] • 1923 on Paramount+: https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/1923/ [https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/1923/] • Taylor Sheridan on X: https://x.com/taylorSheridan [https://x.com/tayIorSheridan] • Hardy fly rods: https://www.hardyfishing.com/collections/fly-rods [https://www.hardyfishing.com/collections/fly-rods] • T.E. Lawrence quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/11340-all-men-dream-but-not-equally-those-who-dream-by [https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/11340-all-men-dream-but-not-equally-those-who-dream-by] • Lawrence of Arabia: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056172/ [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056172/] • DreamWorks: https://www.dreamworks.com/ [https://www.dreamworks.com/] — Recommended books: • Thucydides’ Melian Dialogue: Commentary, Text, and Vocabulary: https://www.amazon.com/Thucydides-Melian-Dialogue-Commentary-Vocabulary/dp/0692772367 [https://www.amazon.com/Thucydides-Melian-Dialogue-Commentary-Vocabulary/dp/0692772367] • Resilience: Hard-Won Wisdom for Living a Better Life: https://www.amazon.com/Resilience-Hard-Won-Wisdom-Living-Better/dp/054432398X/ [https://www.amazon.com/Resilience-Hard-Won-Wisdom-Living-Better/dp/054432398X/] • Churchill: Walking with Destiny: https://www.amazon.com/Churchill-Walking-Destiny-Andrew-Roberts/dp/1101980990 [https://www.amazon.com/Churchill-Walking-Destiny-Andrew-Roberts/dp/1101980990] — Production and marketing by https://penname.co/ [https://penname.co/]. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com [podcast@lennyrachitsky.com]. — Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]

Peter Deng has led product teams at OpenAI, Instagram, Uber, Facebook, Airtable, and Oculus and helped build products used by billions—including Facebook’s News Feed, the standalone Messenger app, Instagram filters, Uber Reserve, ChatGPT, and more. Currently he’s investing in early-stage founders at Felicis. In this episode, Peter dives into his most valuable lessons from building and scaling some of tech’s most iconic products and companies. What you’ll learn: 1. Peter’s one‑sentence test for hiring superstars 2. Why your product (probably) doesn’t matter 3. Why you don’t need a tech breakthrough to build a huge business 4. The five PM archetypes, and how to build a team of Avengers 5. Counterintuitive lessons on growing products from 0 to 1, and 1 to 100 6. The importance of data flywheels and workflows — Brought to you by: Paragon [https://www.useparagon.com/lenny]—Ship every SaaS integration your customers want Pragmatic Institute [https://pragmaticinstitute.com/lenny]—Industry‑recognized product, marketing, and AI training and certifications Contentsquare [https://contentsquare.com/lenny/]—Create better digital experiences — Where to find Peter Deng: • X: https://x.com/pxd [https://x.com/pxd] • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/peterxdeng/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/peterxdeng/] — In this episode, we cover: (00:00) Introduction to Peter Deng (05:41) AI and AGI insights (11:35) The future of education with AI (16:53) The power of language in leadership (21:01) Building iconic products (36:44) Scaling from zero to 100 (41:56) Balancing short- and long-term goals (47:12) Creating a healthy tension in teams (50:02) The five archetypes of product managers (55:39) Primary and secondary archetypes (58:47) Hiring for growth mindset and autonomy (01:15:52) Effective management and communication strategies (01:19:23) Presentation advice and self-advocacy (01:25:50) Balancing craft and practicality in product management (01:30:40) The importance of empathy in design thinking (01:35:45) Career decisions and learning opportunities (01:42:05) Lessons from product failures (01:45:42) Lightning round and final thoughts — Referenced: • OpenAI: https://openai.com/ [https://openai.com/] • Artificial general intelligence (AGI): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence] • Head of ChatGPT answers philosophical questions about AI at SXSW 2024 with SignalFire’s Josh Constine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgbgI0R6XCw [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgbgI0R6XCw] • Professors Are Using A.I., Too. Now What?: https://www.npr.org/2025/05/21/1252663599/kashmir-hill-ai#:~:text=Now%20What [https://www.npr.org/2025/05/21/1252663599/kashmir-hill-ai#:~:text=Now%20What] • Herbert H. Clark: https://web.stanford.edu/~clark/ [https://web.stanford.edu/~clark/] • Russian speakers get the blues: https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn11759-russian-speakers-get-the-blues/ [https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn11759-russian-speakers-get-the-blues/] • Ilya Sutskever (OpenAI Chief Scientist)—Building AGI, Alignment, Future Models, Spies, Microsoft, Taiwan, & Enlightenment: https://www.dwarkesh.com/p/ilya-sutskever [https://www.dwarkesh.com/p/ilya-sutskever] • Anthropic’s CPO on what comes next | Mike Krieger (co-founder of Instagram): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/anthropics-cpo-heres-what-comes-next [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/anthropics-cpo-heres-what-comes-next] • Kevin Systrom on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevinsystrom/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevinsystrom/] • Building a magical AI code editor used by over 1 million developers in four months: The untold story of Windsurf | Varun Mohan (co-founder and CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-untold-story-of-windsurf-varun-mohan [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-untold-story-of-windsurf-varun-mohan] • Microsoft CPO: If you aren’t prototyping with AI, you’re doing it wrong | Aparna Chennapragada: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/microsoft-cpo-on-ai [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/microsoft-cpo-on-ai] • The rise of Cursor: The $300M ARR AI tool that engineers can’t stop using | Michael Truell (co-founder and CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-rise-of-cursor-michael-truell [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-rise-of-cursor-michael-truell] • Building Lovable: $10M ARR in 60 days with 15 people | Anton Osika (CEO and co-founder): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-lovable-anton-osika [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-lovable-anton-osika] • Granola: https://www.granola.ai/ [https://www.granola.ai/] • Inside Bolt: From near-death to ~$40m ARR in 5 months—one of the fastest-growing products in history | Eric Simons (founder and CEO of StackBlitz): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-bolt-eric-simons [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-bolt-eric-simons] • OpenAI’s CPO on how AI changes must-have skills, moats, coding, startup playbooks, more | Kevin Weil (CPO at OpenAI, ex-Instagram, Twitter): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/kevin-weil-open-ai [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/kevin-weil-open-ai] • Fidji Simo on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/fidjisimo/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/fidjisimo/] • Airtable: https://www.airtable.com/ [https://www.airtable.com/] • George Lee on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/geolee/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/geolee/] • Andrew Chen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewchen/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewchen/] • Lauryn Motamedi on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/laurynmotamedi/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/laurynmotamedi/] • Twilio: https://www.twilio.com/ [https://www.twilio.com/] • Nick Turley on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicholasturley/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicholasturley/] • Ian Silber on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/iansilber/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/iansilber/] • Thomas Dimson on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/thomasdimson/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/thomasdimson/] • Joey Flynn on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/joey-flynn-8291586b/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/joey-flynn-8291586b/] • Ryan O’Rourke’s website: https://www.rourkery.com/ [https://www.rourkery.com/] • Joanne Jang on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jangjoanne/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/jangjoanne/] • Behind the founder: Marc Benioff: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/behind-the-founder-marc-benioff [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/behind-the-founder-marc-benioff] • Jill Hazelbaker on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jill-hazelbaker-3aa32422/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/jill-hazelbaker-3aa32422/] • Guy Kawasaki’s website: https://guykawasaki.com/ [https://guykawasaki.com/] • Eric Antonow on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/antonow/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/antonow/] • Sachin Kansal on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sachinkansal/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sachinkansal/] • IDEO design thinking: https://designthinking.ideo.com/ [https://designthinking.ideo.com/] • The 7 Steps of the Design Thinking Process: https://www.ideou.com/blogs/inspiration/design-thinking-process [https://www.ideou.com/blogs/inspiration/design-thinking-process] • Linear’s secret to building beloved B2B products | Nan Yu (Head of Product): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/linears-secret-to-building-beloved-b2b-products-nan-yu [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/linears-secret-to-building-beloved-b2b-products-nan-yu] • Jeff Bezos’s quote: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27778175 [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27778175] • Friendster: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendster [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendster] • Myspace: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace] • How LinkedIn became interesting: The inside story | Tomer Cohen (CPO at LinkedIn): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-linkedin-became-interesting-tomer-cohen [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-linkedin-became-interesting-tomer-cohen] • “Smile” by Jay-Z: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSumXG5_rs8&list=RDSSumXG5_rs8&start_radio=1 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSumXG5_rs8&list=RDSSumXG5_rs8&start_radio=1] • The Wire on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-wire [https://www.hbo.com/the-wire] • Felicis: https://www.felicis.com/ [https://www.felicis.com/] — Recommended books: • Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind: https://www.amazon.com/Sapiens-Humankind-Yuval-Noah-Harari/dp/0062316095 [https://www.amazon.com/Sapiens-Humankind-Yuval-Noah-Harari/dp/0062316095] • The Design of Everyday Things: https://www.amazon.com/Design-Everyday-Things-Revised-Expanded/dp/0465050654 [https://www.amazon.com/Design-Everyday-Things-Revised-Expanded/dp/0465050654] • The Silk Roads: A New History of the World: https://www.amazon.com/Silk-Roads-New-History-World/dp/1101912375 [https://www.amazon.com/Silk-Roads-New-History-World/dp/1101912375] — Production and marketing by https://penname.co/ [https://penname.co/]. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com [podcast@lennyrachitsky.com]. — Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]

Sander Schulhoff is the OG prompt engineer. He created the very first prompt engineering guide on the internet (two months before ChatGPT’s release) and recently wrote the most comprehensive study of prompt engineering ever conducted (co-authored with OpenAI, Microsoft, Google, Princeton, and Stanford), analyzing over 1,500 academic papers and covering more than 200 prompting techniques. He also partners with OpenAI to run what was the first and is the largest AI red teaming competition, HackAPrompt, which helps discover the most state-of-the-art prompt injection techniques (i.e. ways to get LLMS to do things it shouldn’t). Sander teaches AI red teaming on Maven, advises AI companies on security, and has educated millions of people on the most state-of-the-art prompt engineering techniques. In this episode, you’ll learn: 1. The 5 most effective prompt engineering techniques 2. Why “role prompting” and threatening the AI no longer works—and what to do instead 3. The two types of prompt engineering: conversational and product/system prompts 4. A primer on prompt injection and AI red teaming—including real jailbreak tactics that are still fooling top models 5. Why AI agents and robots will be the next major security threat 6. How to get started in AI red teaming and prompt engineering 7. Practical defense to put in place for your AI products — Brought to you by: Eppo [https://www.geteppo.com/]—Run reliable, impactful experiments Stripe [https://stripe.com/]—Helping companies of all sizes grow revenue Vanta [https://vanta.com/lenny]—Automate compliance. Simplify security — Where to find Sander Schulhoff: • X: https://x.com/sanderschulhoff [https://x.com/sanderschulhoff] • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sander-schulhoff/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sander-schulhoff/] • Website: https://sanderschulhoff.com/ [https://sanderschulhoff.com/] • AI Red Teaming and AI Security Masterclass on Maven: https://bit.ly/44lLSbC [https://bit.ly/44lLSbC] • Free Lightning Lesson “How to Secure Your AI System” on 6/24: https://bit.ly/4ld9vZL [https://bit.ly/4ld9vZL] — Where to find Lenny: • Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com] • X: https://twitter.com/lennysan [https://twitter.com/lennysan] • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/] — In this episode, we cover: (00:00) Introduction to Sander Schulhoff (04:29) The importance of prompt engineering (06:30) Real-world applications and examples (10:54) Basic prompt engineering techniques (23:46) Advanced prompt engineering techniques (29:00) The role of context and additional information (39:24) Ensembling techniques and thought generation (49:48) Conversational techniques for better results (50:46) Introduction to prompt injection (52:27) AI red teaming and competitions (54:23) The growing importance of AI security (01:02:45) Techniques to bypass AI safeguards (01:05:21) Challenges in AI security and future outlook (01:18:33) Misalignment and AI's potential risks (01:25:03) Final thoughts and lightning round — Referenced: • Reid Hoffman’s tweet about using AI agents: https://x.com/reidhoffman/status/1930416063616884822 [https://x.com/reidhoffman/status/1930416063616884822] • AI Engineer World’s Fair: https://www.ai.engineer/ [https://www.ai.engineer/] • What Is Artificial Social Intelligence?: https://learnprompting.org/blog/asi [https://learnprompting.org/blog/asi] • Devin: https://devin.ai/ [https://devin.ai/] • Cursor: https://www.cursor.com/ [https://www.cursor.com/] • Inside Devin: The world’s first autonomous AI engineer that’s set to write 50% of its company’s code by end of year | Scott Wu (CEO and co-founder of Cognition): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-devin-scott-wu [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-devin-scott-wu] • The rise of Cursor: The $300M ARR AI tool that engineers can’t stop using | Michael Truell (co-founder and CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-rise-of-cursor-michael-truell [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-rise-of-cursor-michael-truell] • Granola: https://www.granola.ai/ [https://www.granola.ai/] • Building Lovable: $10M ARR in 60 days with 15 people | Anton Osika (CEO and co-founder): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-lovable-anton-osika [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-lovable-anton-osika] • Inside Bolt: From near-death to ~$40m ARR in 5 months—one of the fastest-growing products in history | Eric Simons (founder & CEO of StackBlitz): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-bolt-eric-simons [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-bolt-eric-simons] • Behind the product: Replit | Amjad Masad (co-founder and CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/behind-the-product-replit-amjad-masad [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/behind-the-product-replit-amjad-masad] • Everyone’s an engineer now: Inside v0’s mission to create a hundred million builders | Guillermo Rauch (founder and CEO of Vercel, creators of v0 and Next.js [http://next.js]): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/everyones-an-engineer-now-guillermo-rauch [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/everyones-an-engineer-now-guillermo-rauch] • Technique #3: Examples in Prompts: From Zero-Shot to Few-Shot: https://learnprompting.org/docs/basics/few_shot?srsltid=AfmBOor2owyGXtzJZ8n0fJVCctM7UPZgZmH-mBuxRW4t9-kkaMd3LJVv [https://learnprompting.org/docs/basics/few_shot?srsltid=AfmBOor2owyGXtzJZ8n0fJVCctM7UPZgZmH-mBuxRW4t9-kkaMd3LJVv] • The Prompt Report: Insights from the Most Comprehensive Study of Prompting Ever Done: https://learnprompting.org/blog/the_prompt_report?srsltid=AfmBOoo7CRNNCtavzhyLbCMxc0LDmkSUakJ4P8XBaITbE6GXL1i2SvA0 [https://learnprompting.org/blog/the_prompt_report?srsltid=AfmBOoo7CRNNCtavzhyLbCMxc0LDmkSUakJ4P8XBaITbE6GXL1i2SvA0] • State-of-the-Art Prompting for AI Agents | Y Combinator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DL82mGde6wo [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DL82mGde6wo] • Use XML tags to structure your prompts: https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/build-with-claude/prompt-engineering/use-xml-tags [https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/build-with-claude/prompt-engineering/use-xml-tags] • Role Prompting: https://learnprompting.org/docs/basics/roles?srsltid=AfmBOor2jcxJQvWBZyFa030Qt0fIIov3hSiWvI9VFyjO-Qp478EPJIU7 [https://learnprompting.org/docs/basics/roles?srsltid=AfmBOor2jcxJQvWBZyFa030Qt0fIIov3hSiWvI9VFyjO-Qp478EPJIU7] • Is Role Prompting Effective?: https://learnprompting.org/blog/role_prompting?srsltid=AfmBOooiiyLD-0CsCYZ4m3SDhYOmtTyaTzeDo0FvK_i1x1gLM8MJS-Sn [https://learnprompting.org/blog/role_prompting?srsltid=AfmBOooiiyLD-0CsCYZ4m3SDhYOmtTyaTzeDo0FvK_i1x1gLM8MJS-Sn] • Introduction to Decomposition Prompting Techniques: https://learnprompting.org/docs/advanced/decomposition/introduction?srsltid=AfmBOoojJmTQgBlmSlGYQ8kl-JPpVUlLKkL4YcFGS5u54JyeumUwlcBI [https://learnprompting.org/docs/advanced/decomposition/introduction?srsltid=AfmBOoojJmTQgBlmSlGYQ8kl-JPpVUlLKkL4YcFGS5u54JyeumUwlcBI] • LLM Self-Evaluation: https://learnprompting.org/docs/reliability/lm_self_eval [https://learnprompting.org/docs/reliability/lm_self_eval] • Philip Resnik on X: https://x.com/psresnik [https://x.com/psresnik] • Anthropic’s CPO on what comes next | Mike Krieger (co-founder of Instagram): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/anthropics-cpo-heres-what-comes-next [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/anthropics-cpo-heres-what-comes-next] • Introduction to Ensembling Prompting: https://learnprompting.org/docs/advanced/ensembling/introduction?srsltid=AfmBOooGSyqsrjnEbXSYoKpG0ZlpT278NHQA6Fd8gMvNTJlWu7-qEYzh [https://learnprompting.org/docs/advanced/ensembling/introduction?srsltid=AfmBOooGSyqsrjnEbXSYoKpG0ZlpT278NHQA6Fd8gMvNTJlWu7-qEYzh] • Random forest: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_forest [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_forest] • Chain-of-Thought Prompting: https://learnprompting.org/docs/intermediate/chain_of_thought?srsltid=AfmBOoqwE7SXlluy2sx_QY_VOKduyBplWtIWKEJaD6FkJW3TqeKPSJfx [https://learnprompting.org/docs/intermediate/chain_of_thought?srsltid=AfmBOoqwE7SXlluy2sx_QY_VOKduyBplWtIWKEJaD6FkJW3TqeKPSJfx] • Prompt Injecting: https://learnprompting.org/docs/prompt_hacking/injection?srsltid=AfmBOoqGgqbfXStrD6vlw5jy8HhEaESgGo2e57jyWL8lkZKktt_P6Zvn [https://learnprompting.org/docs/prompt_hacking/injection?srsltid=AfmBOoqGgqbfXStrD6vlw5jy8HhEaESgGo2e57jyWL8lkZKktt_P6Zvn] • Announcing HackAPrompt 2.0: The World’s Largest AI Red-Teaming Hackathon: https://learnprompting.org/blog/announce-hackaprompt-2?srsltid=AfmBOopXKsHxy4aUtsvPCUtEu7x74NCAEnlTIdNzo7nfMDVwZ9ilTlkp [https://learnprompting.org/blog/announce-hackaprompt-2?srsltid=AfmBOopXKsHxy4aUtsvPCUtEu7x74NCAEnlTIdNzo7nfMDVwZ9ilTlkp] • Infant with rare, incurable disease is first to successfully receive personalized gene therapy treatment: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/infant-rare-incurable-disease-first-successfully-receive-personalized-gene-therapy-treatment [https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/infant-rare-incurable-disease-first-successfully-receive-personalized-gene-therapy-treatment] • Building a magical AI code editor used by over 1 million developers in four months: The untold story of Windsurf | Varun Mohan (co-founder and CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-untold-story-of-windsurf-varun-mohan [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-untold-story-of-windsurf-varun-mohan] • Copilot: https://copilot.microsoft.com/chats/rcxhzvKgZvz8ajUrKdBtX [https://copilot.microsoft.com/chats/rcxhzvKgZvz8ajUrKdBtX] • GitHub Copilot: https://github.com/features/copilot [https://github.com/features/copilot] • Defensive Measures: https://learnprompting.org/docs/prompt_hacking/defensive_measures/introduction [https://learnprompting.org/docs/prompt_hacking/defensive_measures/introduction] • Sam Altman on X: https://x.com/sama [https://x.com/sama] • Three Laws of Robotics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics] • Anthropic’s new AI model turns to blackmail when engineers try to take it offline: https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/22/anthropics-new-ai-model-turns-to-blackmail-when-engineers-try-to-take-it-offline/ [https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/22/anthropics-new-ai-model-turns-to-blackmail-when-engineers-try-to-take-it-offline/] • Palisade Research: https://palisaderesearch.org/ [https://palisaderesearch.org/] • When AI Thinks It Will Lose, It Sometimes Cheats, Study Finds: https://time.com/7259395/ai-chess-cheating-palisade-research/ [https://time.com/7259395/ai-chess-cheating-palisade-research/] • A.I. Chatbots Defeated Doctors at Diagnosing Illness: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/17/health/chatgpt-ai-doctors-diagnosis.html [https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/17/health/chatgpt-ai-doctors-diagnosis.html] • 1883 on Paramount+: https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/1883/ [https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/1883/] • Black Mirror on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70264888 [https://www.netflix.com/title/70264888] • Daylight Computer: https://daylightcomputer.com/ [https://daylightcomputer.com/] • Theodore Roosevelt’s quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/622252-i-wish-to-preach-not-the-doctrine-of-ignoble-ease [https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/622252-i-wish-to-preach-not-the-doctrine-of-ignoble-ease] • HackAPrompt 2.0: https://www.hackaprompt.com/ [https://www.hackaprompt.com/] — Recommended books: • Ender’s Game: https://www.amazon.com/Enders-Ender-Quintet-Orson-Scott/dp/0812550706 [https://www.amazon.com/Enders-Ender-Quintet-Orson-Scott/dp/0812550706] • The River of Doubt: Theodore Roosevelt’s Darkest Journey: https://www.amazon.com/River-Doubt-Theodore-Roosevelts-Darkest/dp/0767913736 [https://www.amazon.com/River-Doubt-Theodore-Roosevelts-Darkest/dp/0767913736] — Production and marketing by https://penname.co/ [https://penname.co/]. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com [podcast@lennyrachitsky.com]. — Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]

Hilary Gridley is the Head of Core Product at WHOOP and a passionate thought leader in leveraging AI to elevate product teams and management practices. With extensive experience tackling challenging problems in regulated industries and high-stakes environments, Hilary emphasizes the importance of building resilience and adaptability within teams. Previously, she was a senior director of product at Big Health [https://www.bighealth.com/] and a senior product marketing manager at Dropbox. In this episode, you’ll learn: • How to teach your team to be able to “take a punch” • Specific tactics to counter negative perceptions and reframe setbacks productively • Powerful behavioral strategies to form positive habits • Practical approaches for creating space in your workday to encourage creativity and deep thinking • The underestimated potential of AI in accelerating your personal and professional growth • Why you’re not the protagonist at your company (and why that’s liberating) • How WHOOP uses reward loops to drive real behavior change — Brought to you by: WorkOS [https://workos.com/lenny]—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs Persona [https://withpersona.com/lenny]—A global leader in digital identity verification Attio [https://attio.com/lenny?utm_source=lennyrachitsky&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=lenny-20230625]—The powerful, flexible CRM for fast-growing startups — Where to find Hilary Gridley: • X: https://x.com/yourgirlhils [https://x.com/yourgirlhils] • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hilarygridley/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/hilarygridley/] • Newsletter: https://hils.substack.com/ [https://hils.substack.com/] • Maven course: https://maven.com/hilary-gridley/ai-powered-people-management [https://maven.com/hilary-gridley/ai-powered-people-management] — Where to find Lenny: • Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com] • X: https://twitter.com/lennysan [https://twitter.com/lennysan] • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/] — In this episode, we cover: (00:00) Hilary’s background (04:31) Teaching teams to handle criticism and setbacks (17:57) Behavioral activation and mental health in the workplace (22:59) The importance of putting yourself out there (27:51) Transparency and communication in leadership (38:10) How to respectfully disagree with your manager (41:49) How to use “magic questions” to decode how people think (49:54) Why you’re not the protagonist at your company (52:48) Aligning with the CEO's vision (01:01:02) Building effective habits (01:11:14) Promoting team well-being (01:14:28) Creating space for creativity (01:20:45) AI’s role in accelerating learning (01:30:35) Pivotal career moments (01:37:21) Lessons from failure (01:39:49) Exciting new features of WHOOP 5.0 (01:44:19) Lightning round and final thoughts — Referenced: • How to become a supermanager with AI: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-become-a-supermanager-with [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-become-a-supermanager-with] • How custom GPTs can make you a better manager | Hilary Gridley (Head of Core Product at Whoop): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-custom-gpts-can-make-you-a-better-manager [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-custom-gpts-can-make-you-a-better-manager] • WHOOP: https://www.whoop.com/ [https://www.whoop.com/] • Big Health: https://www.bighealth.com/ [https://www.bighealth.com/] • What is behavioral activation?: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/behavioral-activation [https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/behavioral-activation] • Will Ahmed on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/willahmed/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/willahmed/] • Joe Gebbia on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jgebbia/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/jgebbia/] • Zach Abrams on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/zacharyabrams/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/zacharyabrams/] • Coinbase: https://www.coinbase.com/ [https://www.coinbase.com/] • Bridge: https://www.bridge.xyz/ [https://www.bridge.xyz/] • Stripe: https://stripe.com/ [https://stripe.com/] • The paths to power: How to grow your influence and advance your career | Jeffrey Pfeffer (author of 7 Rules of Power, professor at Stanford GSB): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-paths-to-power-jeffrey-pfeffer [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-paths-to-power-jeffrey-pfeffer] • Paths to Power course: https://jeffreypfeffer.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Pfeffer-OB377-Course-Outline-2018.pdf [https://jeffreypfeffer.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Pfeffer-OB377-Course-Outline-2018.pdf] • VO₂ max: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VO2_max [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VO2_max] • Peter Attia on X: https://x.com/PeterAttiaMD [https://x.com/PeterAttiaMD] • Hilary Gridley’s 30 days of GPT: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zJ4rbi9YcQuGqGxc6-AQD0-44oT9l4Eyono0AdpgJbA/edit?gid=0#gid=0 [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zJ4rbi9YcQuGqGxc6-AQD0-44oT9l4Eyono0AdpgJbA/edit?gid=0#gid=0] • The Handle Bar in Boston: https://www.thehandlebarstudios.com/ourstudios/charlestown [https://www.thehandlebarstudios.com/ourstudios/charlestown] • From chalkboards to chatbots: Transforming learning in Nigeria, one prompt at a time: https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/education/From-chalkboards-to-chatbots-Transforming-learning-in-Nigeria [https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/education/From-chalkboards-to-chatbots-Transforming-learning-in-Nigeria] • Product Management Logic Coach GPT: https://chatgpt.com/g/g-673290301700819084afa36bdbcdfa3b-product-management-logic-coach [https://chatgpt.com/g/g-673290301700819084afa36bdbcdfa3b-product-management-logic-coach] • Dropbox: https://www.dropbox.com/ [https://www.dropbox.com/] • WHOOP Advanced Labs: https://www.whoop.com/us/en/waitlist/?srsltid=AfmBOor2pP5qC3n7I23Z0ZIrYE99CjAKT9xSHQxbuyxmz_wFUBGH3e-n [https://www.whoop.com/us/en/waitlist/?srsltid=AfmBOor2pP5qC3n7I23Z0ZIrYE99CjAKT9xSHQxbuyxmz_wFUBGH3e-n] • Negative capability: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_capability [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_capability] • John Keats: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keats [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keats] • The Rehearsal: https://www.hbo.com/the-rehearsal [https://www.hbo.com/the-rehearsal] • Zwift: https://www.zwift.com/ [https://www.zwift.com/] • Beavis and Butthead Do ‘Creep’: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv_gSmH0Ieg [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv_gSmH0Ieg] • “Sea Grapes” by Derek Walcott: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/57111/sea-grapes [https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/57111/sea-grapes] • Free month of WHOOP: https://join.whoop.com/us/en/hilary/ [https://join.whoop.com/us/en/hilary/] — Recommended books: • 7 Rules of Power: https://jeffreypfeffer.com/books/7-rules-of-power/ [https://jeffreypfeffer.com/books/7-rules-of-power/] • Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity: https://www.amazon.com/Outlive-Longevity-Peter-Attia-MD/dp/0593236599 [https://www.amazon.com/Outlive-Longevity-Peter-Attia-MD/dp/0593236599] • East of Eden: https://www.amazon.com/East-Eden-John-Steinbeck-Centennial/dp/0142004235 [https://www.amazon.com/East-Eden-John-Steinbeck-Centennial/dp/0142004235] • The Sun Also Rises: https://www.amazon.com/Sun-Also-Rises-Hemingway-Library/dp/1501121960/ [https://www.amazon.com/Sun-Also-Rises-Hemingway-Library/dp/1501121960/] • Anna Karenina: https://www.amazon.com/Anna-Karenina-Leo-Tolstoy/dp/0143035002 [https://www.amazon.com/Anna-Karenina-Leo-Tolstoy/dp/0143035002] — Production and marketing by https://penname.co/ [https://penname.co/]. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com [podcast@lennyrachitsky.com]. — Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe [https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]