Peter the Great's Russian Alphabet Reform: The Grazhdanskiy Shrift

Peter the Great's Russian Alphabet Reform: The Grazhdanskiy Shrift

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Peter the Great's often-overlooked reform of the Russian alphabet. In 1708, Peter introduced the grazhdanskiy shrift (civil script), simplifying the Church Slavonic letters for secular use. This change made books cheaper, literacy more accessible, and helped modernize Russia's print culture. Lucas explains the old bukvitsa, Peter's editorial work on the first civil typeface, the role of the Amsterdam printing house under Jan Tessing, and the resistance from the Orthodox Church. The episode also touches on the broader context of Peter's cultural Westernization, including the introduction of Arabic numerals and the founding of the first Russian newspaper, Vedomosti. A fresh angle on how a change in letter shapes reflected a transformation in Russian society. #PeterTheGreat #RussianAlphabet #GrazhdanskiyShrift #Cyrillic #1708 #RussianHistory #AlphabetReform #PrintingPress #JanTessing #Vedomosti #ChurchSlavonic #Westernization #EducationReform #RussianEnlightenment #Moscow #Amsterdam #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Peter the Great's Navy: The Baltic Fleet and the Battle of Gangut

In 1714, the Russian navy fought its first major victory at the Battle of Gangut, a sea fight in the Baltic that stunned Europe. Peter the Great's obsession with a modern fleet began decades earlier, from the 'toy boats' of his youth to the shipyards of Voronezh and the lessons of the Great Embassy. This episode follows the construction of the Baltic Fleet, the Swedish naval threat, and the brutal boarding action at Gangut where Russian galleys outmaneuvered Swedish warships. We also look at the cost: thousands of serfs forced to build the new capital and fleet, and Peter's own role as a shipwright and admiral. Featuring details on the galley fleet, the Åland Islands, and the first Russian naval regulations. #PeterTheGreat #BattleOfGangut #RussianNavy #BalticFleet #GreatNorthernWar #Galleys #ÅlandIslands #SaintPetersburg #Shipbuilding #RussianHistory #18thCentury #NavalHistory #SwedishEmpire #GalleyWarfare #PeterI #EasternEurope #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Peter the Great's Industrial Revolution: The Urals and the Demidovs

In the early 1700s, Russia was a military and economic backwater, but Peter the Great's drive to modernize sparked an industrial boom. This episode explores the rise of the Ural mining and metallurgical complex, focusing on the Demidov family—especially Nikita Demidov and his son Akinfiy—who became the tsar's iron barons. We cover the founding of Nevyansk and other factories, the Berg Privilege of 1719, the controversial use of serf and convict labor, and how Russian iron exports began to rival Sweden's. The conversation also touches on the technological innovations, like the Nevyansk leaning tower, and the darker side of industrialization, including the exploitation of workers and the environmental impact. This is a story of ambition, wealth, and the transformation of a nation through iron and fire. #PeterTheGreat #Demidov #Urals #RussianIndustrialization #Nevyansk #BergPrivilege #Iron #Metallurgy #AkinfiyDemidov #NikitaDemidov #18thCentury #History #FexingoHistory #RussianHistory #IndustrialRevolution #Serfdom #Mining #EasternEurope Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Peter the Greats New Capital The Founding of Saint Petersburg

In 1703, on a swampy, mosquito-infested island at the mouth of the Neva River, Peter the Great ordered the construction of a new city. This episode follows the brutal and ambitious birth of Saint Petersburg: from the first stone of the Peter and Paul Fortress to the forced relocation of tens of thousands of serfs, the architectural vision of Domenico Trezzini, and the symbolic victory of a window on the Baltic. Hosts Lucas and Luna explore how Peter's obsession with a modern capital clashed with the harsh realities of disease, labor, and the Great Northern War. They discuss the role of Swedish prisoners, the engineering challenges of building on marshland, and the political message behind naming the city after his patron saint. Why did Peter abandon Moscow? How did a city built on bones become Russia's imperial jewel? And what does Saint Petersburg reveal about Peter's ruthless drive to transform his country? This is the story of a city that defied nature and tradition alike. #PeterTheGreat #SaintPetersburg #NevaRiver #PeterAndPaulFortress #DomenicoTrezzini #GreatNorthernWar #BalticSea #RussianEmpire #UrbanPlanning #1703 #TsarPeter #WindowOnTheWest #MenshikovPalace #Kronstadt #VasilyevskyIsland #History #FexingoHistory #EasternEurope Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Peter the Great's Shoe of the People: Taxation and Census

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Peter the Great's radical fiscal and administrative reforms, focusing on the shift from household to poll taxation after the Great Northern War. They discuss the landmark census of 1718–1724, the introduction of the soul tax (podushnaya podat'), and the creation of the passport system that tied every Russian male to a fixed place of registration. The conversation covers the role of Vasily Tatishchev in conducting the census in Siberia, the resistance of Old Believers (starovery) who double-counted themselves or fled, and the broader implications for serfdom and state control. Lucas explains how the revision (reviziya) became a tool for military conscription and how Peter's tax reforms funded his modern army and navy. The episode also touches on the administrative reshuffling into guberniyas and the rise of the fiskal system to combat corruption. Listeners will learn how Peter's relentless drive for efficiency reshaped the everyday lives of millions and laid the groundwork for the Russian Empire's fiscal apparatus. #PeterTheGreat #RussianHistory #PodushnayaPodat #PollTax #SoulTax #1718Census #VasilyTatishchev #OldBelievers #Starovery #Reviziya #Fiskal #GreatNorthernWar #Serfdom #Taxation #18thCentury #FexingoHistory #History #EasternEurope Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]