Data Centers with Jonathan Koomey - #27

Data Centers with Jonathan Koomey - #27

In this episode I talk with Dr. Jonathan Koomey, the founder of Koomey Analytics and a former researcher and scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Labs. The focus of this episode is on data centers. We first start with Jon’s interest in the history of science which he studied at Harvard for his undergraduate. We go over Jon’s PhD thesis on why cost-effective energy efficiency measures may not be adopted in new office buildings. Then we get to data centers. Jonathan discusses the difficulties in obtaining the energy usage data for data centers, the tradeoff between innovation and understanding energy use, limitations of AI in research, a phenomenological model named Koomey’s law that Jon developed, GPUs, software to develop more energy efficient AI models, energy efficient vs inefficient data centers, how companies decide where to build data centers & much more. I hope you enjoy!   Koomey Analytics Website: www.koomey.com   PAPERS: Jon’s PhD Thesis: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268339858 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268339858] Estimating Bitcoin Electricity Use: A Beginner’s Guide: https://coincenter.org/estimating-bitcoin-electricity-use-a-beginners-guide [https://coincenter.org/estimating-bitcoin-electricity-use-a-beginners-guide] Implications of Historical Trends in the ElectricalEfficiency of Computing: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224128141 Characteristics of low-carbon data centres:  https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1786 Separating fact from fiction in data center electricity forecasts: A guide for regulators: https://gridlab.org/portfolio-item/data-center-load-forecast-report Electricity Demand Growth and Data Centers: A Guide for the Perplexed: https://bipartisanpolicy.org/report/electricity-demand-growth-and-data-centers/ ARTICLES: Data center energy use: truth versus myth: https://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/data-center-energy-myth.html [https://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/data-center-energy-myth.html] Koomey’s Law: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koomey%27s_law [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koomey%27s_law] 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32d6m0d1 To better understand AI’s growing energy use, analysts need a data revolution: https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(24)00347-7   BOOKS: The Design of Everyday Things by Don Norman Reinventing the Bazaar by John McMillan Linked: The New Science of Networks by Albert-László Barabási   TEXTBOOK: Turning Numbers into Knowledge: Mastering the Art of Problem Solving by Jonathan Koomey   VIDEO: China and AI Supply Chains: DeepSeek, Huawei, Transformers,Robotics, and More with TP Huang: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAXOP5gt_5I&t=689s CONNECT: LinkedIn:https://www.linkedin.com/in/adrian-dolinay-frm-96a289106/ GitHub: https://github.com/ad17171717 X:https://twitter.com/DolinayG Odysee: https://odysee.com/@adriandolinay:0 Medium: https://medium.com/@adriandolinay   PODCAST: Apple Podcasts:https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1765996824 Audible: https://www.audible.com/pd/B0DC73S9SN iHeart Radio: https://iheart.com/podcast/202676097/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/60dPNJbDPaPw7ru8g5btxV   |-Video Chapters-| 0:00 – Intro 1:39 – Jon’s interest in science and energy 2:37 – Energy issues in 2026 7:24 – Jon studying the History of Science at Harvard 10:19 – Jon’s research at UC Berkeley 11:38 – Jon’s PhD Thesis on energy efficiency in new office buildings 19:51 – Rated power vs. actual power draw for hardware 26:32 – Why is energy usage not well measured by tech manufacturers? 28:05 – Critical thinking and the limitations of AI 34:05 – Koomey’s Law 38:59 – CUDA the software behind Nvidia’s GPUs 40:53 – AI software development in China 43:50 – Efficient vs inefficient data centers 49:47 – The shift from On Prem to Cloud 51:39 – How do companies decide where to build data centers? 57:24 – Data centers in the AI age 1:02:19 – Will the US and China dominate in data center compute? 1:05:35 – Does the type of AI algorithm affect energy efficiency of datacenters? 1:08:54 – The issues with assumptions about AI 1:17:38 – Jon’s ideal data center policies 1:24:59 – Book recommendations 1:29:51 – Conclusion

Nutritional Physiology with Emily Howard - #26

In this episode I am joined by Dr. Emily Howard aNutritional Physiologist at the United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM). The focus of the episode is nutritional physiology, which is the study of how nutrients and diet interact with the body at a cellular and physiological level. We start the conversation discussing how Emily becameinterested in nutritional science. Then we get into the field. Emily defines physiology and nutritional science, explains macronutrients, ketones, metabolism, calories, how fat is burned, how muscle is built, muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown, research she has conducted onsupplements, research she conducted on nutrition in extreme arctic environments and much more. I hope you enjoy!   PAPERS: Ketone Monoester Plus Carbohydrate Supplementation Does NotAlter Exogenous and Plasma Glucose Oxidation or Metabolic Clearance Rate DuringExercise in Men Compared with Carbohydrate Alone: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36893935/ [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36893935/] Chocolate Milk and Endurance Exercise Recovery ProteinBalance, Glycogen, and Performance: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182364162 Whole-Body Protein Balance during Arctic Military TrainingIs Unaffected by Dietary Essential Amino Acid or Energy Density: https://jn.nutrition.org/article/S0022-3166(26)00163-X/fulltext   ARTICLES: Iron-Deficiency Anemia: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22824-iron-deficiency-anemia [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22824-iron-deficiency-anemia] Physiology: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/physiology [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/physiology] Know Your Macros: Why Macronutrients Are Key to HealthyEating: https://www.cedars-sinai.org/stories-and-insights/expert-advice/what-are-macronutrients [https://www.cedars-sinai.org/stories-and-insights/expert-advice/what-are-macronutrients] BOOKS: Project Hail Mary by Andy Weir The Ski Troops by Hal Burton MUSIC INTRO/OUTRO: Music: massobeats - memories (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZM139aHl4fY)   CONNECT: LinkedIn:https://www.linkedin.com/in/adrian-dolinay-frm-96a289106/ GitHub: https://github.com/ad17171717 X:https://twitter.com/DolinayG Odysee: https://odysee.com/@adriandolinay:0 Medium: https://medium.com/@adriandolinay   PODCAST: Apple Podcasts:https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-aspiring-stem-geek/id1765996824 Audible: https://www.audible.com/podcast/The-Aspiring-STEM-Geek/B0DC73S9SN iHeart Radio: https://iheart.com/podcast/202676097/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/60dPNJbDPaPw7ru8g5btxV   |-Video Chapters-| 0:00 – Intro 1:23 – Emily’s interest in biology, exercise science and nutrition 4:54 – Joining the United States Army Research Institute of EnvironmentalMedicine (USAREIM) as a researcher 7:38 – Defining Physiology and Nutritional Physiology 8:34 – Macronutrients 10:26 – Do our bodies have a preferred fuel source? 13:09 – Ketones 14:43 – Calories 16:21 – Building muscle and burning fat 19:40 – Total calories vs how the calories are consumed 22:04 – Nutrition as you age 25:14 – Emily’s research on Ketones and Carbohydrates 32:23 – Muscle Protein Synthesis and Muscle Protein Breakdown 36:33 – mTOR Pathway and muscle growth 39:48 – Hormones regulating Muscle Protein Synthesis and Breakdown 40:46 – Is all protein created equal? 43:42 – Is chocolate milk a good source of protein for post/pre workouts? 45:32 – Calories burned in a normal environment compared to an extreme Arcticenvironment 49:24 – Experiencing Arctic weather during a research trip 52:44 – Is there an ideal diet for the extreme cold? 54:30 – Extreme cold can limit your will for any activity 56:32 – Emily’s research on protein balance in the Arctic 1:11:48 – Can nutritional advice be generalized? 1:14:49 – How to start a career in nutrition science and or physiology 1:17:23 – UConn Sports 1:19:30 – Emily’s favorite sports to play and watch 1:21:02 – Book Recommendations 1:23:00 - Conclusion

Volcanoes with Natália Gauer Pasqualon - #25

In this episode I am joined by Doctor Natalia Gauer Pasqualon, a volcanologist at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The focus of this episode is volcanology, which is the study of volcanoes and geochemical phenomena.We first discuss how Natalia decided to study geology for her undergraduate degree and how Natalia ended up finishing two PhDs in volcanology. Then we get into volcanology. Natalia defines what a Volcano is, the difference between lava and magma, hotspots, the different types of volcanoes, volcanic eruptions, underwater volcanoes, super volcanoes, the terabytes of data she has to work with and much more. I hope you enjoy! PAPERS: Natalia’s PhD Thesis: https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/101a9715-d88a-4983-a2b6-e03d505cd503 Kīlauea lava fuels phytoplankton bloom in the North Pacific Ocean: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aax4767 Growth and degradation of Hawaiian volcanoes: https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp18013 ARTICLES: Oceanic Hotspots: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/plate-tectonics-oceanic-hotspots.htm Volcanic Eruptions: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/volcanoes/volcanic-eruptions.htm Update on the July 23 Biscuit Basin hydrothermal explosion: https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/news/240723.htm Marine life's latest hotspot could be an underwater volcano primed to erupt off Oregon: https://www.npr.org/2025/05/15/nx-s1-5398591/underwater-volcano-eruption-oregon What is a supervolcano? What is a supereruption?: https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-a-supervolcano-what-a-supereruption Man dies after rescue from restricted area of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/man-dies-hawaii-volcanoes-national-park-rcna262100 BOOKS: The Creative Act: A Way of Being by Rick Rubin MUSIC INTRO/OUTRO: Music: massobeats - warmth (https://youtu.be/slnUKMhcQUs) CONNECT: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adrian-dolinay-frm-96a289106/ GitHub: https://github.com/ad17171717 X: https://twitter.com/DolinayG Odysee: https://odysee.com/@adriandolinay:0 Medium: https://medium.com/@adriandolinay PODCAST: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-aspiring-stem-geek/id1765996824 Audible: https://www.audible.com/podcast/The-Aspiring-STEM-Geek/B0DC73S9SN iHeart Radio: https://iheart.com/podcast/202676097/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/60dPNJbDPaPw7ru8g5btxV |-Video Chapters-| 0:00 – Intro 1:17 – Why Natália decided to study geology for her undergraduate 4:51 – Natália earning two PhDs 8:56 – Defining what a Volcano is 10:38 – Defining Volcanology 10:57 – The geochemistry of Volcanoes 13:36 – Lava vs Magma 15:05 – Hotspots 17:38 – Modeling lava flow 18:59 – The types of Volcanoes 21:26 – The most common Volcano type in Hawaii 22:19 – The types of Volcanic eruptions 24:46 – Which Volcano type is most dangerous? 28:21 – How well can we forecast Volcanic eruptions? 33:32 – Accessing Volcanoes as a researcher 34:50 – Collecting data during Volcanic activity 39:09 – Super Volcanoes 41:47 – Yellowstone 43:19 – Submarine Volcanoes 48:42 – The lifecycle of a Volcano in Hawaii 54:37 – Natália’s research for her PhD thesis 1:03:51 – The dangers of Volcanoes 1:06:17 – Volcanic soil for growing agriculture 1:07:48 – Housing near Volcano hazard zones 1:08:37 – Wildlife near Volcanoes 1:10:03 – How to get started in Volcanology 1:11:59 – Coolest Volcanoes Natália has seen 1:14:06 – Places to check out if you visit Brazil 1:17:12 – Brazilian cinematography and music 1:19:21 – Book recommendation

Hydrology with Eric Larson - #24

In this episode I am joined by Eric Larson, a hydrologist who works for the USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service. The focus of this episode is hydrology, which is a field in science that studies the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth. In the episode we discuss Eric’s love of the outdoors, studying civil engineering for his undergraduate, his current work as a hydrologist in Montana, methods for collecting hydrology data, his experience with SNOwpackTELemetryNetwork, how hydrology data is utilized by farmers and local governments and much more. I hope you enjoy! VIDEO: MontanaNRCS YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@MontanaNRCS/videos PAPERS: The History of Snow Survey & Water Supply forecasting: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2022-09/History-Of-Snow-Survey.pdf Water Supply Outlook Reports – Montana: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/state-offices/montana/montana-snow-survey/water-supply-outlook-reports-montana ARTICLES: The Man Behind the Snowpack: https://mountainjournal.org/eric-larson-the-man-behind-the-snowpack/ Understanding Snow: https://watereducationcolorado.org/publications-and-radio/headwaters-magazine/spring-2024-the-snow-issue/understanding-snow/ Snow: The real water supply for the Rio Grande basin: https://jornada.nmsu.edu/files/bibliography/06-035.pdf These Four States Are in Denial Over a Looming Water Crisis: https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/02/opinion/water-shortage-colorado-river.html Spring Outlook: Drought forecasted to expand in U.S. West, parts of Plains: https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/spring-outlook-drought-forecasted-to-expand-in-us-west-parts-of-plains June 2022 Floods in the Upper Yellowstone River Basin: https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243035/full Requirements to become a Hydrologist in the US: https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/classification-qualifications/general-schedule-qualification-standards/1300/hydrology-series-1315 BOOKS: Never Turn Back: The Life of Whitewater Pioneer Walt Blackadar by Ron Watters The Emerald Mile: The Epic Story of the Fastest Ride in History Through the Heart of the Grand Canyon by Kevin Fedarko CONNECT: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adrian-dolinay-frm-96a289106/ GitHub: https://github.com/ad17171717 X: https://twitter.com/DolinayG Odysee: https://odysee.com/@adriandolinay:0 Medium: https://medium.com/@adriandolinay PODCAST: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-aspiring-stem-geek/id1765996824 Audible: https://www.audible.com/podcast/The-Aspiring-STEM-Geek/B0DC73S9SN iHeart Radio: https://iheart.com/podcast/202676097/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/60dPNJbDPaPw7ru8g5btxV|- Video Chapters-| 0:00 – Intro 1:12 – Eric growing up in Minnesota 3:34 – Studying civil engineering at University 5:05 – Defining Hydrology 7:13 – SNOwpack TELemetry Network (SNOTEL) 8:27 – What time of the year is Hydrology data collected 10:36 – How SNOTEL data is transmitted & collected 12:12 – Grizzly Bears near SNOTEL sites 13:46 – Maintenance on SNOTEL equipment 15:54 – Process to sample Snow Course data 21:26 – Elevation sickness 22:35 – Defining Snowpacks 23:44 – Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) 25:48 – Spatial variability of snow fall 28:44 – Hydrological measurements 31:41 – Sublimination 35:20 – Methods of trekking to the SNOTEL sites 39:10 – Maintaining SNOTEL data 41:32 – Snow Survey & Water Supply Forecasting Program 43:55 – Avalanche risk 46:44 – Hydrology equipment is expensive… 51:47 – The hardest part of collecting Hydrology data 56:35 – Who utilizes Hydrology data? 58:48 – Surface vs Ground water 1:01:08 – Water from snow melt 1:02:02 – Droughts 1:04:54 – Water conservation and water capture 1:07:45 – How to get started in Hydrology 1:11:04 – Outdoor activities in Montana 1:12:25 – Glacier National Park & Custer Gallatin National Forest 1:13:56 – Best ski spots 1:14:56 – Indiana Bones 1:17:25 – Book recommendation 1:18:53 - Conclusion

Capybaras with Elizabeth Congdon - #23

In this episode I am joined by Dr. Elizabeth Congdon, a Capybara researcher and a Professor at Bethune Cookman University. In the episode we start with Beth’s experience with collecting and analyzing data at the Cleveland Zoo and Beth’s research on primates for her Master’s thesis. Then we get into the main focus of the episode, Capybaras! Beth compares Capybaras to other rodents, reviews the regions where they live, their diets, how they communicate, why they swim in the water, why they are so seemingly chill and much more. I hope you enjoy! Ologies Podcast episode with Dr. Elizabeth Congdon: https://www.alieward.com/ologies/hydrochoerology PAPERS: Natal dispersal and new group formation in capybaras in a seasonally flooded savanna of Venezuela (Beth’s PhD thesis): https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/561/ Self discrimination in meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3887474/ Status of Capybaras & Potential for Establishment in Florida: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345844506 WHERE TO SEE CAPYBARAS: Pantanal, Brazil (In the wild) Capybara Cafe in St. Augustine Florida, USA (Animal sanctuary) BOOKS: Jonathan Livingston Seagull by Richard Bach CONNECT: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adrian-dolinay-frm-96a289106/ GitHub: https://github.com/ad17171717 X: https://twitter.com/DolinayG Odysee: https://odysee.com/@adriandolinay:0 Medium: https://medium.com/@adriandolinayPODCAST: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-aspiring-stem-geek/id1765996824 Audible: https://www.audible.com/podcast/The-Aspiring-STEM-Geek/B0DC73S9SN iHeart Radio: https://iheart.com/podcast/202676097/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/60dPNJbDPaPw7ru8g5btxV |-Video Chapters-| 0:00 – Intro 1:29 – Beth’s interest in animals growing up 2:39 – Conducting Research at the Cleveland Zoo 6:36 – Researching primates in the wild 12:10 – Why are primatologists located in the anthropology department of universities? 15:14 – What is a Capybara? 16:29 – Capybaras compared to other rodents 19:41 – What regions are Capybaras found in? 21:25 – Capybara’s diet 22:54 – A hypothesis on why Capybaras are so chill 24:02 – The size of Capybaras 25:02 – Time to adulthood and lifespans of Capybaras 27:03 – How male Capybaras become dominant 29:59 – Capybara communications 30:54 – Capybaras are semi-aquatic 34:54 – The area used by wild Capybaras 36:07 – Capybaras and predators 39:08 – Capybaras and birds 40:30 – Beth’s current research 42:46 – If Beth could do any type of Capybara research she wanted 46:59 – Are Capybaras cuddly? 47:34 – The feasibility of having a Capybara as a pet 48:44 – Would Capybaras be able to survive on their own in Florida? 51:25 – Capybara Litter sizes 52:58 – Where to see Capybaras in Central and South America 55:09 – Capybara Sanctuary in St. Augustine, Florida 57:03 – Beth’s favorite Capybara reference in pop culture 57:47 – Which dog breed is most like Capybaras? 59:18 – Beth’s favorite moments with Capybaras 1:02:02 – If Beth could study another species besides Capybaras it would be… 1:04:12 – Book recommendations 1:07:37 – Conclusion