One Thousand Years of Capitalism (with Sven Beckert)

One Thousand Years of Capitalism (with Sven Beckert)

Sven Beckert, a history professor at Harvard, has written an epic book about the history of capitalism over roughly a millennium: it’s called Capitalism: A Global History [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/541160/capitalism-by-sven-beckert/]. Beckert believes the only way to understand one’s place in the world is through understanding how we arrived at the system we currently live in: global capitalism. In this episode, guest host Senthil Nathan interviews Sven Beckert about the major developments in history and expansion of capitalism. Almost all of life is organized around capitalist logic, says Beckert, and the capitalist model has changed and evolved over more than one thousand years. Capitalism’s history begins with merchant communities eight hundred or so years ago, long-distance traders who connected various small cities. The drive to expand and create more capital led to the large-scale production of agriculture in the countryside and development of extraction industries such as silver in Potosí, Bolivia. Europeans took advantage of power differentials in other parts of the world to recast production in profound ways, including mobilizing labor in the practice of slavery, which quickly expanded production into the countryside. Sugar, cotton, oil, and rubber are all commodities that emerged via the forces that drove the capitalist expansion—particularly in Africa, the Americas, and the Caribbean. The book ends in the year 2023, and Beckert remarks on the responsibilities humans have to acknowledge the consequences of capitalism’s expansion, such as slavery and environmental degradation. He notes the purpose of the book is not to make judgments about whether or not capitalism is a net benefit or harm to humanity but to understand how we arrived at the present moment. Beckert also speculates on how quickly capitalism will change and adapt in the future. This is a joint production with the Business and Society podcast by Senthil Nathan. Nathan is a visiting fellow with the Weatherhead’s Scholar’s Program and joins us as a guest host. GUEST Sven Beckert [https://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/people/sven-beckert], Faculty Associate; Chair, Weatherhead Research Cluster on Global History. Laird Bell Professor of History, Department of History, Harvard University. HOST Senthil Nathan [https://scholarsprogram.wcfia.harvard.edu/people/senthil-nathan], Fellow, Weatherhead Scholars Program. CEO, Fairtrade Australia/New Zealand; Board Member, Australian Council for International Development; Host, Business and Society podcast [https://businessandsociety.net/]. RELATED LINKS * Capitalism: A Global History [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/541160/capitalism-by-sven-beckert/], by Sven Beckert (Penguin Random House, 2025) * Empire of Cotton: A Global History [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/10461/empire-of-cotton-by-sven-beckert/], by Sven Beckert (Penguin Random House, 2015) * Harvard and Slavery: Seeking a Forgotten History [https://www.harvardandslavery.com/], coauthored by Sven Beckert * "War, Work, and the Fragile Ladder of Dignity," [https://epicenter.wcfia.harvard.edu/articles/war-work-and-fragile-ladder-dignity] by Senthil Nathan on Epicenter * Business and Society Podcast [https://businessandsociety.net/] MUSIC “African Moon” [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/John_Bartmann/Public_Domain_Soundtrack_Music_Album_One/african-moon/] by John Bartmann [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/John_Bartmann/contact]. Source: Free Music Archive (CC0 1.0 Universal License [https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/]) This episode was produced, edited, and mixed by Michelle Nicholasen [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/michelle-nicholasen], Editor and Content Producer at the Weatherhead Center. FOLLOW THE WEATHERHEAD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS: * Weatherhead Center Website [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Epicenter Website [https://epicenter.wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/WCFIA/] * LinkedIn [https://www.linkedin.com/company/weatherhead-center-harvard] * Instagram [https://www.instagram.com/weatherheadcenter] * Bluesky [https://bsky.app/profile/weatherheadcenter.bsky.social] * Simplecast [https://wcfia-epicenter.simplecast.com/] * YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/@HarvardWCFIA]

Life After War (with Melani Cammett, Dženana Šabić Hamidović, Cathal McManus)

When a war ends, the work of mending a society begins. Groups who were sworn enemies for decades, even generations, must find ways to live together in peace. The process of reconciliation takes a long time, and involves all levels of society: civilians, government institutions, political elites. In this episode, we speak to experts on Lebanon, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Northern Ireland who study the factors that help and hinder reconciliation after violent conflict. They are part of a new international consortium called the Global Scholars Network on Conflict and Identity (GSNIC) [https://gsnic.wcfia.harvard.edu/], that brings together researchers, educators, and practitioners from around the world to find best practices in postconflict reconciliation.  In an effort to define reconciliation, Melani Cammett describes different levels of coexistence that might be achieved. But the process takes decades—if not longer—because violence politicizes identities when a conflict pits groups against each other. She notes that Lebanon has not ever had a formal reconciliation process—unlike Northern Ireland and Bosnia and Herzegovina, for example. Dženana Šabić Hamidović works directly with community members in Sarajevo in a therapeutic setting to talk about their experiences during the war, and their narratives about each other. Beyond emotional barriers, she explains that there are geographical barriers in the country, such as very limited transportation that makes it difficult to visit each others’ communities.  Cathal McManus studies the process of “othering,” that is, how people of one identity group ascribe blame to the out-group, and have a hard time looking inward to accept their own role in perpetuating divisions. As an educator, McManus creates activities to help revise long-held narratives that young people, who identify as Protestant/Unionist or Catholic/Republican, hold about each other. Dženana Šabić Hamidović emphasizes the need to keep groups talking in all postconflict settings. People have very different experiences of the war depending on where they lived, she says, and it’s important for people to be able to hear each other's “truths” without judgment. This especially applies to societies with extreme polarization, such as the United States, to prevent a descent into conflict. GUESTS * Melani Cammett [https://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/people/melani-claire-cammett], Center Director; Chair, Weatherhead Research Cluster on Identity Politics; Faculty Associate; Harvard Academy Senior Scholar (on leave 2025–2026). Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs, Department of Government, Harvard University. * Cathal McManus [https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/ssesw/study/postgraduate-research/find-a-phd-supervisor/dr-cathal-mcmanus.html], Lecturer, School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, The Senator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice, Queen's University Belfast. * Dženana Šabić Hamidović [https://i4di.org/staff-view/dzenana-sabic-hamidovic/], Behavioral and Social Change Professional, Mentis Institute [https://mentis.ba/], Sarajevo. HOST Jessica Barnard [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/jessica-barnard], Administrator, Weatherhead Research Clusters on Global History and on Global Climate Policy.  RELATED LINKS  * Global Scholars Network on Identity and Conflict [https://gsnic.wcfia.harvard.edu/] * “Political Interventions to ‘Ripen’ Peace Initiatives: An Analysis of the Northern Ireland and Israeli/Palestinian Conflicts [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17449057.2022.2031790]” by Cathal McManus (Ethnopolitics, 2022) * “Conceptualising Islamic ‘Radicalisation’ in Europe through ‘Othering’: Lessons from the Conflict in Northern Ireland [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2017.1368495]” by Cathal McManus (Terrorism and Political Violence, 2017) * “Lebanon, the Sectarian Identity Test Lab [https://tcf.org/content/report/lebanon-sectarian-identity-test-lab/]” by Melani Cammett (The Century Foundation, April 10, 2019) * “Power Sharing in Postconflict Societies: Implications for Peace and Governance [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022002711421593]” by Melani Cammett (Journal of Conflict Resolution, July 16, 2012) MUSIC “m plate [https://mobygratis.com]” by mobygratis. Source: mobygratis (license agreement [https://mobygratis.com/license-agreement]) This episode was produced, edited, and mixed by Michelle Nicholasen [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/michelle-nicholasen], Editor and Content Producer at the Weatherhead Center. FOLLOW THE WEATHERHEAD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS: * Weatherhead Center Website [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Epicenter Website [https://epicenter.wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/WCFIA/] * LinkedIn [https://www.linkedin.com/company/weatherhead-center-harvard] * Instagram [https://www.instagram.com/weatherheadcenter] * Bluesky [https://bsky.app/profile/weatherheadcenter.bsky.social] * Simplecast [https://wcfia-epicenter.simplecast.com/] * YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/@HarvardWCFIA]

Exploring Commodity Frontiers (with Sven Beckert, Myles Lennon, Angélica Márquez-Osuna, and Rachel Steely)

Released January 14, 2025 / We don’t think about commodities very much. They’re all around us: cotton, sugar, oil, gas, chickens, cattle, and so many other things we take for granted. But a closer look at the history of commodities tells a revealing story about the expansion of capitalism and its profound impacts on land, labor, economics, and human rights. In this episode, we talk to four scholars who study commodity frontiers—with case studies in soybeans, honey bees, renewable energy, and more—to learn how commodities have literally altered the planet and society. Sven Beckert opens by explaining commodity frontiers as a framework for studying the history of capitalism. We think of capitalism as exploding in cities, but actually it began in the countryside where land is used to create goods for global markets, he says. As a result, the countryside has been profoundly transformed. Hard to believe, but Americans had never heard of soybeans a century ago. Rachel Steely tells the story of the remarkable rise and pervasiveness of soy and its versatile properties that spurred multiple industrial applications, along with its massive role in agriculture. The honey bee we are all familiar with is not native to North America. It’s a European invasion that has now spread to every country in the world. Angélica Márquez-Osuna traces the history of the bee species Mellifera, which has displaced nearly every other bee species in North America. She shares a hopeful story: a native stingless bee species, Melipona, in the Yucatan is being kept alive by artisan beekeepers. Just because renewable energy is not a tangible thing, it doesn’t mean it’s not a commodity. Myles Lennon removes the layers that separate consumers from the actual means of production and extraction of minerals used for renewable energy. Though extraction and labor exploitation are devastating to the environment and human rights, he emphasizes there are ways to raise awareness and make sustainable choices for the future. GUESTS: Sven Beckert [https://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/people/sven-beckert], Faculty Associate; Chair, Weatherhead Research Cluster on Global History. Laird Bell Professor of History, Department of History, Harvard University. Myles Lennon [https://vivo.brown.edu/display/mblennon], Dean's Assistant Professor of Environment and Society and Anthropology, Brown University. Angélica Márquez-Osuna [https://www.luc.edu/history/people/facultyandstaffdirectory/profiles/marquez-osunaangelica.shtml], Assistant Professor of History, Loyola University Chicago. Rachel Steely [https://scholar.harvard.edu/steely/home], former Raphael Morrison Dorman Memorial Postdoctoral Fellow, Weatherhead Scholars Program. PhD, Department of History, Harvard University.  HOST: Jessica Barnard [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/jessica-barnard], Administrator, Weatherhead Research Clusters on Global History and on Migration.  RELATED LINKS: * “A Journey to the Universe of Bees: From the Archives to the Fields [https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/a-journey-to-the-universe-of-bees-from-the-archives-to-the-fields/],” by Angélica Márquez-Osuna (ReVista Harvard Review of Latin America, Jan 23, 2023) * “Beekeeping from the South: The Yucatán Peninsula's ‘Industrious Bee’ and the Rise of Modern Apiculture [https://read.dukeupress.edu/agricultural-history/article/98/1/23/386138/Beekeeping-from-the-SouthThe-Yucatan-Peninsula-s?guestAccessKey=d2e0edbf-8098-4746-95c3-4867df21de50],” by Angélica Márquez-Osuna (Agricultural History, February 2024) * “Expanding Hives: The History of Modern Beekeeping on the Tropical Frontier During the First Half of the Twentieth Century [http://ecos.cide.edu/istor-94-historias-ambientales-de-america-latina/],” by Angélica Márquez-Osuna (Istor 94: Environmental Stories from Latin America, July 23, 2024) * “From Reduction to Regeneration: Environmental Justice and Ecological Unity in the IRA Era [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/25148486241298763]” by Myles Lennon (Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, December 24, 2024) * “The Problem with ‘Solutions’: Apolitical Optimism in the Sustainable Energy Industry [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/731293],” by Myles Lennon (Current Anthropology, ahead of print) * Subjects of the Sun: Solar Energy in the Shadows of Racial Capitalism [https://www.dukeupress.edu/subjects-of-the-sun], by Myles Lennon (Duke University Press, forthcoming June 2025) * Rachel Steely’s personal website [https://www.rsteely.com/about] * Empire of Cotton: A Global History [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/10461/empire-of-cotton-by-sven-beckert/], by Sven Beckert (Penguin Random House, 2015) * Harvard and Slavery: Seeking a Forgotten History [https://www.harvardandslavery.com/] MUSIC:  “African Moon [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/John_Bartmann/Public_Domain_Soundtrack_Music_Album_One/african-moon/]” by John Bartmann [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/John_Bartmann/contact]. Source: Free Music Archive (CC0 1.0 Universal License [https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/])  This episode was produced, edited, and mixed by Michelle Nicholasen [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/michelle-nicholasen], Editor and Content Producer at the Weatherhead Center. FOLLOW THE WEATHERHEAD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS: * Weatherhead Center Website [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Epicenter Website [https://epicenter.wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/WCFIA/] * LinkedIn [https://www.linkedin.com/company/weatherhead-center-harvard] * Instagram [https://www.instagram.com/weatherheadcenter] * Bluesky [https://bsky.app/profile/weatherheadcenter.bsky.social] * Simplecast [https://wcfia-epicenter.simplecast.com/] * YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/@HarvardWCFIA]

Rare Films from Socialist Yugoslavia (with Damir Kapidžić, Denisa Sarajlic, and Nace Zavrl)

One room. One locked-down camera. One roll of film. A group of famous directors from the 1960s took the challenge: they would make a short film with these parameters plus one more—their dialogue must include the sentence “I Miss Sonia Henie.” The result was a bawdy, ludicrous compilation that became an international classic. It’s featured in a new film retrospective called The Yugoslav Junction: Internationalism in the SFRY: 1958–1988 [https://harvardfilmarchive.org/programs/the-yugoslav-junction-film-and-internationalism-in-the-sfry]. The Weatherhead Center is cosponsoring this program of short and long films from socialist Yugoslavia, which takes place at the Harvard Film Archive beginning November 9. Today we’re talking to the curator of the series along with two Weatherhead fellows from Bosnia and Herzegovina who will set up the political and cultural background for these rare films, and they’ll discuss three of them— one each from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The curator of the series Nace Zavrl shares his inspiration for putting together the fifty-film retrospective. In fact, one of the original founders of the Harvard Film Archive was Yugoslavian, and Zavrl suspected there might be a treasure trove of socialist-era films in the catalog. He was right. Damir Kapidžić, political scientist at the University of Sarajevo, notes that an explosion of filmmaking occurred after Stalin and Tito split in their ideologies, and Yugoslavia needed to present itself as a third kind of system, neither socialist nor Western. Denisa Sarajlic, former Deputy Minister of Civil Affairs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, has studied the power of narratives from the socialist period to the present. She tackles the plots of the movies under discussion and describes the portrayal of women and the social tensions related to Western influences, among other fascinating insights. GUESTS: Damir Kapidžić [https://damirkapidzic.com], 2023–2024 Fulbright Visiting Scholar, Weatherhead Scholars Program. Associate Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Sarajevo. Denisa Sarajlic [https://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/people/denisa-sarajlic], Fellow, Weatherhead Scholars Program (spring 2025). Director [https://www.linkedin.com/in/denisa-sarajlic-7905b7152/], SKRIPTA [https://www.linkedin.com/in/denisa-sarajlic-7905b7152/].  Nace Zavrl [https://afvs.fas.harvard.edu/people/nace-zavrl], PhD Candidate, Department of Art, Film, and Visual Studies, Harvard University.  HOST: Jessica Barnard [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/jessica-barnard], Program Manager for the Weatherhead Research Clusters on Migration and on Global History RELATED LINKS * The Yugoslav Junction: Film and Internationalism in the SFRY, 1957–1988 [https://harvardfilmarchive.org/programs/the-yugoslav-junction-film-and-internationalism-in-the-sfry] * Harvard Film Archive [https://harvardfilmarchive.org/] * Nace Zavrl’s personal website [https://afvs.fas.harvard.edu/people/nace-zavrl] * Damir Kapidžić’s personal website [https://damirkapidzic.com] * Illiberal Politics in Southeast Europe: How Ruling Elites Undermine Democracy [https://www.routledge.com/Illiberal-Politics-in-Southeast-Europe-How-Ruling-Elites-Undermine-Democracy/Kapidzic-Stojarova/p/book/9781032076911?srsltid=AfmBOooziJnKTjD_e9zG9Cv1OJ0CbK7i-Ep2nJd_AbARBA85bQZnwXAK], edited by Damir Kapidžić, Věra Stojarová (Routledge, 2022) * “Inclusive topic selection: reflections on Mostar’s first citizens’ assembly [https://www.publicdeliberation.net/inclusive-topic-selection-reflections-on-mostars-first-citizens-assembly/]” by Damir Kapidžić and Yves Dejaeghere (Deliberative Democracy Digest, February 15, 2024) * “After Yugoslavia [https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2022/after-yugoslavia/after-yugoslavia-an-introduction/]” by Nace Zavrl (Senses of Cinema, October 2022) * “The patchwork method: on David Redmon and Ashley Sabin [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1472586X.2024.2353538]” by Nace Zavrl (Visual Studies, Volume 39, May 2024) * “Megaphone, Molotov, Moviola: 1968 and Global Cinema / Celluloid Revolt [https://necsus-ejms.org/megaphone-molotov-moviola-1968-and-global-cinema-celluloid-revolt/]” by Nace Zavrl (NECSUS, June 14, 2020) * “High art cinema: The artist’s feature film [https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/miraj.7.1.52_1]” by Nace Zavrl (Moving Image Review & Art Journal, Volume 7, Issue 1, Apr 2018) * “Counter-operation: Harun Farocki Against the Network [https://online.ucpress.edu/afterimage/article/45/1/7/20594/Counter-operation-Harun-Farocki-Against-the]” by Nace Zavrl (Afterimage, Volume 45, Issue 1, July/August 2017) MUSIC: * “Balkan Qoulou [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Watcha_Clan/Live_at_WFMU_on_Transpacific_Sound_Paradise_1102009/Balkan_Qoulou/]” by Watcha Clan [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Watcha_Clan/contact]. Source: Free Music Archive (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/])  This episode was produced, edited, and mixed by Michelle Nicholasen [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/michelle-nicholasen], Editor and Content Producer at the Weatherhead Center. FOLLOW THE WEATHERHEAD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS: * Weatherhead Center Website [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Epicenter Website [https://epicenter.wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/WCFIA/] * LinkedIn [https://www.linkedin.com/company/weatherhead-center-harvard] * Instagram [https://www.instagram.com/weatherheadcenter] * Bluesky [https://bsky.app/profile/weatherheadcenter.bsky.social] * Simplecast [https://wcfia-epicenter.simplecast.com/] * YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/@HarvardWCFIA]

Migrants Bring Opportunity to Boston and Beyond (with Jacqueline Bhabha, Monique Nguyen, and Maggie Sullivan)

Massachusetts has long been a welcoming state to immigrants and migrant families. In the summer of 2023, its one-of-a-kind “right to shelter” law was put to the test when emergency shelters reached capacity. It was called a humanitarian crisis, and images of families sleeping on the floor of Logan Airport flooded the media. Although it is most noticed on a local level, migration is an ongoing global process that requires a structural response at all levels. In this episode, we speak to a lawyer/scholar, a nurse practitioner, and a city government official deeply involved with immigrant services and policies to better understand the scope of migration, the needs of newly arrived families, and also the varied responses of host communities. Monique Nguyen directs the Boston mayor’s office for immigrant advancement and explains why the word “crisis” mischaracterizes the realities of global migration. Massachusetts has made a moral and ethical commitment to helping people in need, and her office works to give migrants a pathway to stability and a foothold in their communities.  Nurse practitioner and fellow with the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Maggie Sullivan delivers primary care to families in shelters. She offers a vivid picture of a migrant family’s experience in temporary shelters, and also describes the fortitude and skills individuals bring to Boston. Attorney and human rights scholar Jackie Bhabha directs the Weatherhead Center’s Research Cluster on Migration, where Sullivan is an affiliate. Bhabha eloquently describes both the theory and practice of helping migrants and immigrants within the framework of human rights. She also provides insights on other countries’ experiences hosting influxes of migrants and the need for preparation and coordination involving the highest levels of government. GUESTS: Jacqueline Bhabha [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/jacqueline-bhabha], Faculty Associate; Chair, Weatherhead Research Cluster on Migration. Professor of the Practice of Health and Human Rights, Department of Global Health and Population; Director of Research, François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jeremiah Smith Jr. Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School. Monique Tú Nguyen [https://www.boston.gov/departments/immigrant-advancement/monique-tu-nguyen], Executive Director, Mayor's Office for Immigrant Advancement, City of Boston.  Margaret (Maggie) Sullivan [https://fxb.harvard.edu/leadership-faculty-staff-fellows/margaret-sullivan/], Instructor and Health and Human Rights Fellow, FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University; Board-Certified Family Nurse Practitioner, Boston Health Care for the Homeless.  HOST: Jessica Barnard [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/jessica-barnard], Program Manager for the Weatherhead Research Clusters on Migration and Global History. RELATED LINKS: * Weatherhead Research Cluster on Migration [https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/wrc22-migration], Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University * Mayor’s Office for Immigrant Advancement [https://www.boston.gov/departments/immigrant-advancement], City of Boston * François-Xavier Bagnoud (FXB) Center for Health and Human Rights [https://fxb.harvard.edu/], Harvard University * “Reproductive healthcare in immigration detention: The imperative of informed consent [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanam/article/PIIS2667-193X(22)00028-X/fulltext]” by Margaret Sullivan, Jacqueline Bhabha, et al. (The Lancet Regional Health—Americas, Volume 10, 100211, June 2022) * “Health Rights for All: The Imperative of Including All Migrants [https://www.hhrjournal.org/2023/03/book-review-health-rights-for-all-the-imperative-of-including-all-migrants/]” by Jacqueline Bhabha (Health and Human Rights Journal, Vol 25/1, 2023, pp. 223-226, March 30, 2023) * “The imperative of sustaining (rather than destroying) frontline empathic solidarity for distress migrants [https://www.bu.edu/ilj/files/2022/08/Vol.-40.1-Bhabha.pdf]” by Jacqueline Bhabha (Boston University International Law Journal, Volume 40:49, August 2022) * “A Bridge Towards Tomorrow: Sampan speaks with Monique Tú Nguyen – Executive Director of the Mayor’s Office for Immigrant Advancement [https://sampan.org/2022/boston/a-bridge-towards-tomorrow-sampan-speaks-with-monique-tu-nguyen-executive-director-of-the-mayors-office-for-immigrant-advancement/]” by Christopher John Stevens (Sampan, Volume 53, Issue 9, May 10, 2024) MUSIC CREDITS: * “Goldfinch: Flight to the North [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Axletree/erthe/goldfinch-flight-to-the-north/]” by Axletree [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Axletree/]. Source: Free Music Archive [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Axletree/erthe/goldfinch-flight-to-the-north/] (CC BY 4.0 DEED [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/]) * “Dorian [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Xylo-Ziko/mode/dorian/]” by Xylo-Ziko [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Xylo-Ziko/]. Source: Free Music Archive [https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Xylo-Ziko/mode] (CC BY 4.0 DEED [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/]) This episode was produced, edited, and mixed by Michelle Nicholasen [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/michelle-nicholasen], Editor and Content Producer at the Weatherhead Center. FOLLOW THE WEATHERHEAD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS: * Weatherhead Center Website [https://wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Epicenter Website [https://epicenter.wcfia.harvard.edu/] * Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/WCFIA/] * LinkedIn [https://www.linkedin.com/company/weatherhead-center-harvard] * Instagram [https://www.instagram.com/weatherheadcenter] * Bluesky [https://bsky.app/profile/weatherheadcenter.bsky.social] * Simplecast [https://wcfia-epicenter.simplecast.com/] * YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/@HarvardWCFIA]