How Viking Navigators Saw the Stars: The Sunstone and More

The Thing: How Viking Democracy Built the North

Long before parliaments, Norse settlers gathered at assembly sites called things (þing) to settle disputes, pass laws, and make collective decisions. This episode follows the thing from its origins in Norway and Denmark to its spread across Iceland, Greenland, and even the Danelaw in England. We explore the site of Þingvellir in Iceland, where the Alþingi was established around 930 CE — arguably the world's oldest surviving parliament. We also look at how things worked on a practical level: how laws were recited by a lawspeaker (lögsögumaðr), how disputes were adjudicated, and how outlawry was enforced. The thing was not just a political institution — it was a social and religious gathering, a market, and a place where alliances were forged. We also touch on the Gulaþing in Norway and the thing's role in the Christianization process. By the end, you'll see how the Norse tradition of assembly shaped later democratic ideals in Scandinavia and beyond. #Thing #Althingi #Þingvellir #NorseDemocracy #VikingLaw #Lawspeaker #Gulaþing #Iceland #NorseAssembly #VikingGovernment #MedievalParliament #ScandinavianHistory #VikingAge #NorthernEurope #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast #NorseCulture #IcelandicHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Greenland Tariffs: How Walrus Tusk Changed Viking Economy

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the hidden economic engine of Norse Greenland: not farming, but walrus ivory. They trace how the remote settlers of the Eastern and Western Settlements built a monopoly on the luxury tusks that European artisans craved for carving religious objects and jewelry. Lucas explains how the Greenlanders bartered walrus hides, live polar bears, and narwhal tusks (which passed as unicorn horns) for iron, timber, and grain from Norway. The hosts discuss the rise of the Norwegian crown monopoly under King Haakon IV, which forced Greenlanders to trade only through royal merchants and squeezed the colony's economy. They also touch on the ecological cost: overhunting walrus herds around Disko Bay. The episode offers a fresh angle on why Greenland's Norse colony ultimately failed—not just climate change, but a fragile single-resource economy strangled by distant trade policies. Listeners will hear terms like Norðrsetur, afgift, hvalr, and the name of the last known Greenlandic ship, the Knarr, that made the perilous crossing. #Greenland #Norse #WalrusIvory #MedievalEconomy #GreenlandNorse #EasternSettlement #WesternSettlement #DiskoBay #Norðrsetur #HaakonIV #NorwegianCrownMonopoly #MedievalTrade #VikingEconomy #WalrusTusk #Narwhal #Knarr #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Erik the Red's Greenland: How Norse Farmers Survived the Ice

Before the Vikings reached North America, they spent a generation learning to survive on the edge of the world. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Greenland settlement founded by Erik the Red in 985 CE — a bold experiment in farming, livestock, and social organization in one of the harshest climates on earth. They unpack how the Norse adapted their sheep and cattle economy to the subarctic, the role of walrus ivory in trade with Europe, and the mysterious disappearance of the Eastern Settlement in the 15th century. Along the way they discuss the Greenlandic Thing, the tithe to the Bishop of Gardar, and the little ice age that may have doomed the colony. This is a story of resilience, trade, and the limits of adaptation — and it sets the stage for the Vinland voyages that followed. #ErikTheRed #Greenland #NorseSettlement #VikingAge #WalrusIvory #Gardar #Brattahlid #EasternSettlement #WesternSettlement #Thing #LittleIceAge #NorseEconomy #SubarcticFarming #ClimateHistory #Vinland #MedievalGreenland #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

How Viking Slavery Shaped Northern Europe's Economy

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the often-overlooked institution of slavery in the Viking world. They discuss the Old Norse term þræll (thrall), how raiders captured people from Ireland, Scotland, and the Slavic east, and the massive slave markets at Hedeby, Birka, and Dublin. The conversation covers the legal status of thralls, their roles on farms and in households, and the path to freedom through self-purchase or manumission. Lucas explains how the slave trade fueled the Viking economy, with silver dirhams from the Abbasid Caliphate flowing north in exchange for captives known as saqaliba. They also touch on the Guta Lag and other law codes that regulated slavery, and the gradual decline of the institution as Christianity spread and economic conditions shifted. This episode offers a nuanced look at a harsh reality that enabled much of the Viking Age's expansion and exchange. #VikingSlavery #Thralls #Hedeby #Birka #Dublin #Saqaliba #Dirhams #Manumission #GutaLag #NorseLaw #VikingTrade #SlaveTrade #VikingEconomy #SocialHistory #MedievalSlavery #NorseSociety #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Treaty of Prüm: How Vikings Split a Kingdom

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Treaty of Prüm of 855, the Carolingian partition that divided Lothair I's Middle Frankish kingdom among his three sons — a division that created lasting political fragmentation in Western Europe. They discuss how repeated Viking raids along the Rhine and Meuse rivers strained Carolingian defenses, contributing to the need for such partitions. The episode covers key figures like Lothair I, Louis II, Lothair II, and Charles of Provence; the strategic importance of cities like Aachen, Metz, and Prüm; and the long-term consequences for the Holy Roman Empire and modern borders. Lucas explains how the treaty's instability opened doors for Norse incursions and local power shifts, including the rise of counts and dukes who would later shape medieval Europe. The conversation also touches on the parallel with other partitions like the Treaty of Verdun and the eventual emergence of France, Germany, and Italy as distinct entities. This is a detailed look at political history often overshadowed by battle narratives. #TreatyOfPrüm #LothairI #Carolingian #Vikings #MiddleFrankish #Lotharingia #LouisII #LothairII #CharlesOfProvence #Aachen #Metz #Prüm #TreatyOfVerdun #HolyRomanEmpire #MedievalEurope #Partition #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]