The Treaty of Lome and Togoland's Partition

The Berlin Conference: France's Conquest of the Western Sudan

While the Berlin Conference of 1884-85 carved up Africa on paper, the real conquest happened on the ground. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore France's brutal campaign to seize the Western Sudan—a vast region stretching from the Senegal River to Lake Chad. They focus on the key figure of Colonel Louis Archinard, who led French forces against the Tukulor Empire of Ahmadou Sekou and the Bambara kingdom of Segou. The episode covers the fall of Segou in 1890, the strategic use of the Niger River, and the role of the tirailleurs sénégalais—African soldiers recruited into French colonial units. They also discuss the controversial 'Archinard system' of direct military rule, which bypassed civilian administrators and set a precedent for harsh colonial governance. Along the way, they touch on the legacy of El Hadj Umar Tall, the Tukulor founder, and the resistance of figures like Babemba Traoré. Specific details include the capture of the Kasso fort, the burning of Sikasso, and the eventual French victory at the Battle of Togbao. A fresh angle that moves beyond the coastal partitions to the inland empires. #BerlinConference #ScrambleForAfrica #WesternSudan #LouisArchinard #TukulorEmpire #AhmadouSekou #Bambara #Segou #ElHadjUmarTall #TirailleursSenegalais #FrenchColonialEmpire #NigerRiver #Sikasso #BabembaTraore #History #FexingoHistory #Colonialism #MilitaryHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Berlin Conference: Stanley's African Journey and Its Impact

In this episode of The Berlin Conference series, Lucas and Luna explore the role of Henry Morton Stanley, not as the explorer of Livingstone fame, but as a key figure whose expeditions across central Africa from 1874 to 1877 paved the way for the Scramble. They trace his journey from Zanzibar to the Lualaba River, his encounter with Tippu Tip, and the brutal realities of his march, including the Congo River's cataracts. The conversation examines how Stanley's reports shaped European perceptions of the Congo's potential and how Leopold II of Belgium used them to justify his colonial ambitions. Lucas explains the controversy surrounding Stanley's methods, including the use of violence and the loss of life among his porters. The episode also highlights the geographical obstacles Stanley faced, such as the Livingstone Falls, and how his surveys of the Congo basin directly influenced the Berlin Conference's territorial claims. A must-listen for understanding how exploration narratives were weaponized for imperial conquest. #HenryMortonStanley #CongoRiver #LivingstoneFalls #TippuTip #Zanzibar #LualabaRiver #LeopoldII #BerlinConference #ScrambleForAfrica #Exploration #CongoFreeState #AfricanHistory #Imperialism #19thCentury #Geography #Colonialism #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Berlin Conference and the Bombardment of Alexandria 1882

This episode of Fexingo History dives into the Bombardment of Alexandria in 1882, a key event that paved the way for British occupation of Egypt. Lucas and Luna explore the causes, including the Urabi Revolt against the Khedive's corruption, and the British naval attack that destroyed parts of Alexandria and triggered a full-scale invasion. They discuss the role of Admiral Seymour, the ambiguous orders, and the long-term consequences for Egypt's sovereignty. Listeners will learn about the political turmoil in Cairo, the international debt crisis, and how the British occupation shaped modern Egyptian history. The episode also touches on the broader context of European imperialism in Africa and the Mediterranean, connecting the dots from the Berlin Conference to the Scramble for Africa. #BombardmentOfAlexandria #Egypt1882 #UrabiRevolt #AdmiralSeymour #KhediveTawfiq #BritishOccupation #ScrambleForAfrica #MediterraneanHistory #Imperialism #NavalWarfare #TelElKebir #Gladstone #AhmedUrabi #Cairo #Alexandria #History #FexingoHistory #19thCentury Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Berlin Conference: The Bombardment of Alexandria 1882

In this episode, we explore the British bombardment of Alexandria in 1882, a pivotal moment in the Scramble for Africa that unfolded just before the Berlin Conference. We delve into the Urabi Revolt, led by Egyptian nationalist Ahmed Urabi, which threatened European financial control over the Suez Canal. The conversation covers the role of Khedive Tawfiq, the dual control of France and Britain, and the casus belli that led to Admiral Seymour's naval attack. We discuss the aftermath, including the British occupation of Egypt that lasted until 1956, and how this event set a precedent for imperial intervention justified by protecting investments. The episode also touches on the bombing's impact on Alexandria's cityscape and the subsequent trial of Urabi. This episode offers a fresh angle on the Berlin Conference era by examining a key military action that shaped colonial policy in Africa. #BerlinConference #BombardmentOfAlexandria #UrabiRevolt #AhmedUrabi #KhediveTawfiq #AdmiralSeymour #RoyalNavy #SuezCanal #BritishEmpire #Egypt #Imperialism #ScrambleForAfrica #1882 #19thCentury #MilitaryHistory #ColonialHistory #HistoryPodcast #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Berlin Conference and the Bombardment of Algiers 1830

This episode of the Berlin Conference series focuses on the French invasion of Algiers in 1830, a pivotal event that predates the conference but set the stage for European colonization of North Africa. Lucas and Luna discuss the spark that ignited the invasion—the 'fly-whisk incident' involving Dey Hussein and French consul Pierre Deval—and the broader context of declining Ottoman influence, Barbary corsairs, and France's political motivations under King Charles X. They explore the military campaign, from the landing at Sidi Ferruch to the fall of the Casbah, and the controversial looting of the Dey's treasury, including the missing 'Algerian diamonds.' The episode also examines the long-term consequences, including the rise of resistance leaders like Abd al-Qadir and the brutal pacification that followed. Specific names, dates, and terms like 'janissaries,' 'Bey of Constantine,' and 'Treaty of Desmichels' are covered in detail, offering a nuanced look at a foundational moment in France's colonial empire. #Algiers1830 #DeyHussein #CharlesX #BarbaryCorsairs #Janissaries #Casbah #SidiFerruch #Staoueli #Bourmont #AbdAlQadir #BeyConstantine #FrenchColonialism #NorthAfrica #19thCentury #ColonialHistory #History #FexingoHistory #MilitaryHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]