Benito Mussolini and the Rise of Italian Fascism

Sulla's Proscriptions: The Terror That Broke the Republic

In 82 BC, Lucius Cornelius Sulla marched on Rome for the second time, defeated his enemies in battle, and then unleashed a new kind of political violence: the proscriptions. Lists of 'enemies of the state' were posted in the Forum, and anyone named could be killed on sight, their property confiscated. This episode explores how Sulla used terror to purge his rivals, fill his treasury, and reward his followers. We delve into the mechanics of the proscriptions—how names were added, how victims were hunted—and the chilling legacy of this bloodletting. Sulla's dictatorship would last only two years, but his example haunted the late Republic. Figures like Marius and Cinna loom in the background; the Social War and the civil war provide context. We also consider the long-term effects: a precedent for state-sanctioned murder that later men like Caesar and Augustus would refine. A story of power, revenge, and the fragility of republican norms. #Sulla #RomanProscriptions #LateRepublic #RomanHistory #Dictator #Marius #CivilWar #Rome #AncientHistory #FexingoHistory #SocialWar #SullanReforms #Populares #Optimates #PoliticalViolence #RomanSenate #Augustus #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Roman Ovation: A Lesser Triumph for Lesser Victories

In this episode of The Story of Italy, Lucas and Luna explore the Roman ovatio — a smaller, more informal version of the triumph awarded for victories not quite grand enough for the full celebration. They discuss the origins of the ovation in early Rome, the specific conditions that qualified a general for this honor (less bloodshed, no declaration of war, or victory over slaves or pirates), and the rituals that distinguished it: walking on foot rather than in a chariot, wearing a myrtle wreath instead of laurel, and offering a sheep (ovis) rather than a bull. The conversation highlights notable figures who received ovations, including Marcus Claudius Marcellus after the capture of Syracuse in 212 BC and Aulus Postumius Tubertus during the Latin War. They also touch on the political and social significance of this lesser honor, and how it reflected Rome's nuanced approach to celebrating military achievement. With careful attention to primary sources like Plutarch and Festus, this episode brings a lesser-known but revealing aspect of Roman public life into focus. #RomanOvation #Ovatio #RomanTriumph #MarcusClaudiusMarcellus #Syracuse #AulusPostumiusTubertus #LatinWar #Plutarch #Festus #MyrtleWreath #RomanMilitary #RomanRepublic #RomanRituals #AncientRome #RomanHistory #FexingoHistory #Italy #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Ariminum Assassination: Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the tense days of January 10–11, 49 BCE, when Julius Caesar defied the Senate and crossed the Rubicon River, triggering a civil war that ended the Roman Republic. They focus on the lesser-known but pivotal role of Ariminum (modern Rimini), the first Italian town Caesar seized, and the constitutional crisis that followed. They discuss Caesar's legal maneuvering as a proconsul, the tribunes who fled to him, and the symbolic clash between Roman military discipline and republican law. Key figures include Caesar, Pompey, Cato the Younger, and the tribune Curio. This episode also touches on the legal term 'hostis' and the Senatus Consultum Ultimum that declared Caesar a public enemy. The conversation avoids the later battle of Pharsalus or Caesar's assassination, offering a fresh look at the moment the Republic broke. #JuliusCaesar #CrossingTheRubicon #RomanRepublic #RomanCivilWar #Pompey #CatoTheYounger #Ariminum #Rimini #Curio #SenatusConsultumUltimum #Hostis #Proconsul #RubiconRiver #AncientRome #RomanHistory #ItalianHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Roman Economy: Trade, Taxes, and Inflation

This episode looks at the economic backbone of the Roman Empire, focusing on trade networks, taxation systems, and the inflation crisis of the 3rd century. Lucas and Luna explore how Roman denarii and aurei circulated from Britain to India, the role of the annona in feeding Rome, and how Emperor Diocletian's Price Edict tried—and failed—to control runaway prices. They also discuss the discovery of the 'Pompeii hoard' of coins and what it reveals about daily wages and costs. A vivid look at the real economy behind the empire's power. #RomanEconomy #RomanTrade #Denarius #Aureus #Annona #Diocletian #PriceEdict #Inflation #RomanTaxes #Ostia #PompeiiHoard #Fiscus #Portorium #CuraAnnona #RomanCoinage #History #FexingoHistory #AncientEconomy Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Roman Legionary: Life, Pay, and Retirement in the Imperial Army

Ever wondered what it was actually like to be a Roman legionary? Not the generals or the grand tactics, but the average soldier who kept the empire running for centuries. In this episode, Lucas and Luna break down the daily grind of a legionary in the early Imperial period — from enlistment and training to pay, promotions, and retirement benefits. They explore the sacramentum oath, the grueling drill regimen, the surprisingly modern-sounding pension system, and the economic impact of legionary service on frontier provinces. Learn about the stipendium and donativa, the honesta missio and praemia, and how soldiers like Lucius Pomponius from a recent Vindolanda letter navigated life on the Wall. This is the story of the men who built the roads, guarded the borders, and formed the backbone of Roman power — not as heroes or villains, but as professionals doing a brutal job. #RomanLegionary #RomanArmy #ImperialRome #MilitaryHistory #Stipendium #HonestaMissio #Praemia #Sacramentum #Vindolanda #LuciusPomponius #RomanSoldier #LegionaryLife #AncientRome #RomanEmpire #Augustus #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]