Wong Kim Ark

Japanese American Soldiers In WWII

During World War II, thousands of Japanese Americans served distinction in the United States military. Even while many of their families were imprisoned in internment camps under Executive Order 9066 [https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/executive-order-9066.htm], Japanese Americans were determined to prove their loyalty in the face of racism and suspicion. These soldiers became some of the most highly decorated troops in American history. The most famous units were the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team [https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/442nd-regimental-combat-team], composed primarily of Japanese American soldiers from Hawai‘i and the mainland United States. Fighting in Europe, they earned extraordinary honors for bravery, including thousands of Purple Hearts and numerous Distinguished Service Crosses. Their motto, “Go for Broke,” reflected their determination and courage. Japanese American soldiers also served in the Military Intelligence Service, translating documents and interrogating prisoners in the Pacific Theater. Their service helped challenge prejudice and became a powerful statement about citizenship, sacrifice, and democracy in America. During Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, The Joy Trip Project honors [http://www.joytripproject.com/]the enduring contributions of artists, activists, laborers, and visionaries whose stories are woven into the American experience. The Unhidden Minute is part of the Unhidden Podcast Project supported through a National Geographic Explorer Grant from the National Geographic Society [https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/], with the cooperation of the National Park Service [http://www.nps.gov/]. This series elevates the untold stories of Black American history. #unhiddenblackhistory #NationalParkService #yourparkstory #NationalGeographic #unhiddenminute Become a paid subscriber to the Unhidden Minute Podcast for one year and receive a free copy The Adventure Gap: Changing the Face of the Outdoors 10th Anniversary Edition [https://joytripproject.com/books/] by James Edward Mills [https://joytripproject.com/about-joy-trip-project/]. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe [https://jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]

Manzanar

In 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 [https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/executive-order-9066.htm], authorizing the forced removal and incarceration of more than 120,000 Japanese Americans during the second World War II. Most were American citizens living on the West Coast. Families were given only days to sell their homes, businesses, and belongings before being sent to remote detention centers under armed guard. One of the most infamous was Manzanar [https://www.nps.gov/manz/index.htm], located in California’s Owens Valley beneath the Sierra Nevada mountains. More than 10,000 people lived behind barbed wire there in cramped barracks exposed to dust storms, heat, and bitter winter cold. Despite the injustice, incarcerated families created schools, gardens, newspapers, and community programs to preserve dignity and hope. Today, Manzanar National Historic Site stands as a powerful reminder of how fear, racism, and wartime hysteria can threaten democracy and civil liberties in America. During Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, The Joy Trip Project honors [http://www.joytripproject.com/]the enduring contributions of artists, activists, laborers, and visionaries whose stories are woven into the American experience. The Unhidden Minute is part of the Unhidden Podcast Project supported through a National Geographic Explorer Grant from the National Geographic Society [https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/], with the cooperation of the National Park Service [http://www.nps.gov/]. This series elevates the untold stories of Black American history. #unhiddenblackhistory #NationalParkService #yourparkstory #NationalGeographic #unhiddenminute Become a paid subscriber to the Unhidden Minute Podcast for one year and receive a free copy The Adventure Gap: Changing the Face of the Outdoors 10th Anniversary Edition [https://joytripproject.com/books/] by James Edward Mills [https://joytripproject.com/about-joy-trip-project/]. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe [https://jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]

Chiura Obata

Born in Japan in 1885, artist Chiura Obata [https://www.nps.gov/yose/blogs/curious-matters-chiura-obatas-art-and-the-influence-of-yosemite.htm] transformed the landscapes of the American West into vivid expressions of beauty, spirit, and belonging. After immigrating to the United States in 1903, Obata traveled extensively through Yosemite National Park [https://www.nps.gov/yose/index.htm], where he painted towering granite cliffs, waterfalls, and ancient forests with a unique blend of Japanese sumi-e brushwork and Western en plein air technique. His artwork captured not only Yosemite’s grandeur, but also its emotional and spiritual power. In 1927, Obata led one of the first organized artist pilgrimages into the Sierra Nevada, inspiring generations to see public lands as places of reflection and cultural connection. During World War II, despite being incarcerated with his family at the Topaz internment camp [https://www.nps.gov/places/central-utah-relocation-center-site.htm], near the town of Delta Utah, he continued teaching art and creating work that affirmed dignity and resilience. Today, Obata’s paintings remain powerful reminders that America’s national parks belong to everyone and are enriched by many cultural perspectives. During Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, The Joy Trip Project honors [http://www.joytripproject.com]the enduring contributions of artists, activists, laborers, and visionaries whose stories are woven into the American experience. The Unhidden Minute is part of the Unhidden Podcast Project supported through a National Geographic Explorer Grant from the National Geographic Society [https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/], with the cooperation of the National Park Service [http://www.nps.gov/]. This series elevates the untold stories of Black American history. #unhiddenblackhistory #NationalParkService #yourparkstory #NationalGeographic #unhiddenminute Become a paid subscriber to the Unhidden Minute Podcast for one year and receive a copy The Adventure Gap: Changing the Face of the Outdoors 10th Anniversary Edition [https://joytripproject.com/books/] by James Edward Mills [https://joytripproject.com/about-joy-trip-project/]. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe [https://jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]

Wong Kim Ark

Wong Kim Ark [https://youtu.be/GPlhTNdIn68?si=KDCjcY1AEoB7fNYP]was born in 1873 in San Francisco to Chinese immigrant parents during an era shaped by exclusion and racial hostility. After traveling to China in 1894, he was denied reentry to the United States under the Chinese Exclusion Act, which restricted Chinese immigration and denied citizenship to Chinese nationals. Wong challenged the decision, and his case reached the Supreme Court as United States v. Wong Kim Ark. In 1898, the Court ruled in his favor, affirming that the 14th Amendment [https://open.substack.com/pub/jamesedwardmills/p/the-14th-amendment-of-the-us-constitution?r=1gxr33&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web] to the United States Constitution guarantees birthright citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil, regardless of their parents’ nationality. This landmark decision established a foundational principle of American identity, reinforcing that citizenship is not defined by race or ancestry, but by place of birth. Wong Kim Ark’s case remains central to debates over immigration and citizenship today. The Joy Trip Project [https://joytripproject.com/2024/02/the-unhidden-minute-black-history-in-60-seconds/] celebrates our shared American heritage. The Unhidden Minute is part of the Unhidden Podcast Project supported through a National Geographic Explorer Grant from the National Geographic Society [https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/], with the cooperation of the National Park Service [http://www.nps.gov/]. This series elevates the untold stories of Black American history. #unhiddenblackhistory #NationalParkService #yourparkstory #NationalGeographic #unhiddenminute Become a paid subscriber to the Unhidden Minute Podcast for one year and receive a copy The Adventure Gap: Changing the Face of the Outdoors 10th Anniversary Edition [https://joytripproject.com/books/] by James Edward Mills [https://joytripproject.com/about-joy-trip-project/]. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe [https://jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]

Benjamin 'Pap' Singleton

Benjamin ‘Pap’ Singleton [https://www.history.com/articles/exodusters-black-migration-kansas-benjamin-pap-singleton] was a formerly enslaved man who became a leading voice for Black self-determination in the years after the Civil War. Born into slavery in 1809 in Nashville, Tennessee, Singleton escaped to freedom and later returned to help others do the same through the Underground Railroad. After Reconstruction, as violence and oppression spread across the South, he advocated for Black migration to the West—especially Kansas, where land ownership offered a path to independence. As a central figure in the Exoduster Movement [https://substack.com/home/post/p-195455418], Singleton organized and encouraged thousands of Black Americans to leave the South in search of safety and opportunity. He believed true freedom required more than legal rights; it demanded land, economic power, and community control. Though many migrants faced hardship, Singleton’s vision helped reshape the meaning of freedom, emphasizing mobility, ownership, and the courage to claim space in America. The Joy Trip Project [https://joytripproject.com/2024/02/the-unhidden-minute-black-history-in-60-seconds/] celebrates our shared American heritage. The Unhidden Minute is part of the Unhidden Podcast Project supported through a National Geographic Explorer Grant from the National Geographic Society [https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/], with the cooperation of the National Park Service [http://www.nps.gov/]. This series elevates the untold stories of Black American history. #unhiddenblackhistory #NationalParkService #yourparkstory #NationalGeographic #unhiddenminute Become a paid subscriber to the Unhidden Minute Podcast for one year and receive a copy The Adventure Gap: Changing the Face of the Outdoors 10th Anniversary Edition [https://joytripproject.com/books/] by James Edward Mills [https://joytripproject.com/about-joy-trip-project/]. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe [https://jamesedwardmills.substack.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_2]