Radiolab

The Builders

In an episode first aired back in 2025 on our sister show, Terrestrials, we take you on a musical journey all about beavers. Few mammals have a bigger positive impact on the planet than the beaver. With its bright orange buck teeth, the creature is an expert engineer that brings life wherever it waddles and even fights fires. Our story begins in the Bronx river, once known as the  “open sewer” of New York City. After some humans decide to clean it up, we meet one of the river’s residents - José the beaver. We learn about the US government parachuting beavers out of planes into the mountains. And finally head to California where we discover how one beaver family saved acres of land from burning.  Special thanks to author Ben Goldfarb, Christian Murphy from the Bronx River Alliance and Dr. Emily Fairfax.  Terrestrials was created by Lulu Miller with WNYC Studios. This episode was produced by Ana González and sound-designed by Mira Burt-Wintonick. Our team includes Alan Goffinski, Joe Plourde and Tanya Chawla. Fact checking was by Diane Kelly.  Our advisors for this show were Ana Luz Porzecanski, Nicole Depalma, Liza Demby and Tovah Barocas. EPISODE CITATIONS: Books -  * Eager: The Surprising, Secret Life of Beavers and Why They Matter [https://www.bengoldfarb.com/eager] (https://zpr.io/4QLuhrSMfurk [https://zpr.io/4QLuhrSMfurk]), by Ben Goldfarb * Beaverland: How One Weird Rodent Made America [https://www.leilaphilip.com/beaverland] (https://zpr.io/3BbaViJK8Hk3 [https://zpr.io/3BbaViJK8Hk3]), by Leila Philip’s Videos -  * Watch the US government drop beavers out of planes [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrOE-m7sX9E] (https://zpr.io/y2JJPwwyr3Bp [https://zpr.io/y2JJPwwyr3Bp]).  * Watch Leave It to Beavers [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/leave-it-to-beavers-production-credits/8860/?utm_source=chatgpt.com] (https://zpr.io/JVGZYmNCTy6h [https://zpr.io/JVGZYmNCTy6h]), a documentary about beavers restoring rivers and wetlands. Articles -  * How reintroducing beavers can enhance ecological health [https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2025/08/beavers-climate-resilient-watersheds-biodiversity-research?utm_source=chatgpt.com] (https://zpr.io/KNxz3MtKL9sV [https://zpr.io/KNxz3MtKL9sV]), by Madison Pobis, Stanford Report. * Beaver Dams Help Wildfire-Ravaged Ecosystems Recover Long after Flames Subside [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/beaver-dams-help-wildfire-ravaged-ecosystems-recover-long-after-flames-subside/?utm_source=chatgpt.com] (https://zpr.io/kAnjEUPvPUeJ [https://zpr.io/kAnjEUPvPUeJ]), by Isobel Sandcomb, Scientific American  HEY GROWN-UPS! Love the show? Leave us a ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ rating and review on your podcast app—it helps curious listeners find us! We want to hear from you! Share your thoughts about Terrestrials with us [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScfQ5fJWDQY6VxpY3UZ2JfUR_wWefhAB_iDGZBCF7ltfZQJAw/viewform]. Subscribe to our weekly newsletter [https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab-kids] for bite-sized essays, activities, and ways to connect with the show. Follow us on YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaum_fMDGgFQCmKHUBPq_xg], Instagram [https://www.instagram.com/terrestrialspodcast/], and TikTok [https://www.tiktok.com/@terrestrialspodcast] for behind-the-scenes extras and more. Listen to original music from Terrestrials on Spotify [https://open.spotify.com/album/2dJoTi6y22d3Mb7laxaCXj], Apple Music [https://music.apple.com/us/album/terrestrials-just-the-music-season-1/1769054305?uo=4&app=music&at=1001lry3&ct=dashboard], or our music page [https://wnycstudios.bandcamp.com/album/terrestrials-just-the-songs]. Got a badgering question for the team? Email us at terrestrialspodcast@wnyc.org or submit a voice memo with your name, age, and your question using this form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeF9rrN-64E-wKGAnxjdCWyIi2JMA4AThp5y1BgB4X5tSZk1Q/viewform?usp=send_form]! Terrestrials is made possible in part by listeners like you. Support the show [http://terrestrialspodcast.org/join] by joining Radiolab’s membership program, The Lab—and we’ll send you a special thank-you gift from our team! Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Simons Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

Life in a Barrel

This week, in an episode we first aired in 2022, we flip the Disney story of life on its head thanks to a barrel of seawater, a 1970s era computer, and underwater geysers. It’s the chaos of life. Latif, Lulu, and our Senior Producer Matt Kielty were all sitting on their own little stories until they got thrown into the studio, and had their cherished beliefs about the shape of life put on a collision course. From an accidental study of sea creatures, to the ambitions of Stephen J Gould, to an undercooked theory that captured the world’s imagination, we undo the seeming order of the living world and try to make some music out of the wreckage. (Bonus: Learn how Francis Crick really thought life got started on this planet). EPISODE CREDITS:  Reported by - Latif Nasser, Matt Kielty, Heather Radke, Lulu Miller and Candice Wang Produced by - Matt Kielty and Simon Adler with help from - Arianne Wack Original music and sound design contributed by - Matt Kilety, Simon Adler, Alan Goffinski, and Jeremy Bloom EPISODE CITATIONS: Articles -  * Chaos in a long-term experiment with a plankton community [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06512] (https://zpr.io/j6sYXKfDzPCG [https://zpr.io/j6sYXKfDzPCG]), by Benincà, E., Huisman, J., Heerkloss, R. et al. Nature  * Chaos theory discloses triggers and drivers of plankton dynamics in stable environment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31889119/] (https://zpr.io/qHKENA3SJ8ML [https://zpr.io/qHKENA3SJ8ML]), by Telesh IV, Schubert H, Joehnk KD, Heerkloss R, Schumann R, Feike M, Schoor A, Skarlato SO. Sci Rep. Books - * Full House [https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-517-70394-6] (https://zpr.io/pMQZfyPcRzD4 [https://zpr.io/pMQZfyPcRzD4]), by Stephen Jay Gould * Extinction: Bad Genes or Bad Luck? [https://www.abebooks.com/9780393309270/Extinction-Bad-Genes-Luck-Raup-0393309274/plp] (https://zpr.io/pPVNugUKWpi4 [https://zpr.io/pPVNugUKWpi4]), by David M. Raup * Rereading the Fossil Record: The Growth of Paleobiology as an Evolutionary Discipline [https://chicago.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7208/chicago/9780226748580.001.0001/upso-9780226748559-chapter-1] (https://zpr.io/YBjJxuXjydPN [https://zpr.io/YBjJxuXjydPN]), by David Sepkoski * The Vital Question: Energy, Evolution, and the Origins of Complex Life [https://nick-lane.net/books/the-vital-question-why-is-life-the-way-it-is/] (https://zpr.io/LzfueEqUWNHb [https://zpr.io/LzfueEqUWNHb]), by Nick Lane Life Itself: Its Origin and Nature [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/865615.Life_Itself] (https://zpr.io/KPZf57eEVMBX [https://zpr.io/KPZf57eEVMBX]), by Francis Crick Signup for our newsletter!! It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up [https://radiolab.org/newsletter] (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)! Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab [http://members.radiolab.org] (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. Follow our show on Instagram [http://instagram.com/radiolab], Twitter [http://twitter.com/radiolab] and Facebook [http://facebook.com/radiolab] @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org [radiolab@wnyc.org]. Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Simons Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

Antibiotic Apocalypse

Doctor and special correspondent Avir Mitra takes Executive Editor Soren Wheeler, plus a live studio audience, on a journey from the operating room to inside the body to the farm to the sewers and back again—searching for answers to an alarming threat to humanity’s existence as we know it: antibiotic resistance in bacteria.  This live show, performed in New York City and also in Little Rock, Arkansas, is part of a series we’re doing with Avir that we are calling “Viscera.” Each event is a conversation that takes the audience on a journey into a quirk or question or mystery inside of us, and gives them a visceral experience of the viscera within us. The previous installment of the series was called “The Elixir of Life. [https://radiolab.org/podcast/the-elixir-of-life]” (https://radiolab.org/podcast/the-elixir-of-life [https://radiolab.org/podcast/the-elixir-of-life]) Special thanks to all of Little Rock Public Radio (especially Grace Zafasi and Jonathan Seaborn), Thomas Patterson, The Greene Space staff, CALS Ron Robinson Theater, Tom Philpott, Stephen Roach, Kate Shaw, Alex Wong, Maryn McKenna, and Kerri McClimen. If you are a patients or a doctor, and you are interested in phage therapy, please contact IPATH@ucsd.edu  EPISODE CREDITS:  Reported by - Avir Mitra Produced by - Jessica Yung Sound design contributed by - Jeremy Bloom and Jessica Yung Fact-checking by -Natalie Middleton EPISODE CITATIONS: Videos - * Check out the video from the Viscera live show (and a bonus Q&A with Bruce Stewart-Brown and Steffanie Strathdee) on Radiolab’s YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HkSfPVdglo] (https://zpr.io/3BK9MqJYVKQA [https://zpr.io/3BK9MqJYVKQA]). * A deep dive [https://youtu.be/BwXVY9g4C78?si=plrJsJP4ivLhU_Yj] (https://zpr.io/WNQNfgiNvKeZ [https://zpr.io/WNQNfgiNvKeZ]) on bacteriophages with Avir Mitra and Steffanie Strathdee, also on Radiolab’s Youtube.. Books - * The Perfect Predator [https://theperfectpredator.com/] (https://theperfectpredator.com/ [https://theperfectpredator.com/]) by Dr. Steffanie Strathdee’s telling of her battle against a killer superbug. * Plucked [https://bookshop.org/p/books/plucked-chicken-antibiotics-and-how-big-business-changed-the-way-the-world-eats-maryn-mckenna/9f34d46b1a1b9c1e] (https://zpr.io/PudGMEuzgU9X [https://zpr.io/PudGMEuzgU9X]) by Maryn Mckenna a detailed accounting of chicken farming’s practice of using antibiotics. Signup for our newsletter!! It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up [https://radiolab.org/newsletter] (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)! Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab [http://members.radiolab.org] (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. Follow our show on Instagram [http://instagram.com/radiolab], Twitter [http://twitter.com/radiolab] and Facebook [http://facebook.com/radiolab] @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org [radiolab@wnyc.org]. Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Simons Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

Staph Retreat

A strange brew that's hard to resist, even for a modern day microbe. In the war on devilish microbes, our weapons are starting to fail us. The antibiotics we once wielded like miraculous flaming swords seem more like lukewarm butter knives. But in this episode, originally released in 2015, we follow an odd couple, of a sort, to a storied land of elves and dragons. There, they uncover a 1,000-year-old secret that makes us reconsider our most basic assumptions about human progress and wonder: what if the only way forward is backward? Special thanks to Steve Diggle, Professor Roberta Frank, Alexandra Reider and Justin Park (our Old English readers), Gene Murrow from Gotham Early Music Scene, Marcia Young for her performance on the medieval harp and Collin Monro of Tadcaster and the rest of the Barony of Iron Bog. Can’t get enough of that sweet, sweet antibiotic resistance content? Then you’ll be over the moon about next week’s release. It’s the podcast cut of our most recent installment of our live show series called Viscera. This one features executive editor Soren Wheeler and Avir Mitra, and it’s all about how our millenia's-long war against bacteria came to a tipping point in this modern age. Subscribe or follow our show on your favorite streaming platform and you’ll be the first to know when it drops. EPISODE CREDITS:  Reported by - Latif Nasser Produced by - Matt Kielty and Soren Wheeler EPISODE CITATIONS: Articles -  Uncovering the multifaceted mechanism of action of a historical antimicrobial [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703249v2] (https://zpr.io/mucw6Td6LBxT [https://zpr.io/mucw6Td6LBxT]) by Harrison, F et al, 2026 bioRxv (PREPRINT). In this article Freya and her team describe the mechanisms under which Bald’s Remedy actually works. Signup for our newsletter!! It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up [https://radiolab.org/newsletter] (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)! Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab [http://members.radiolab.org] (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. Follow our show on Instagram [http://instagram.com/radiolab], Twitter [http://twitter.com/radiolab] and Facebook [http://facebook.com/radiolab] @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org [radiolab@wnyc.org]. Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Simons Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

Return of the Flesh-Eaters

If a species is horrible enough, do we have the right to kill it forever? Seventy years ago, a nightmare parasite feasted on the live flesh of warm-blooded creatures in North America: the screwworm. That is, until a young scientist named Edward F. Knipling discovered a crucial screwworm weakness and hatched a sweeping project to wipe them out. Knipling’s seemingly zany plan to spray screwworms out of planes all over the continent— with US taxpayer money— succeeded, becoming one of humanity’s biggest environmental interventions ever.  Today, screwworms have been gone so long that none of us in North America even remember them. But now, they’re coming back. And they’re forcing us to ask: in an era of climate change and rapid mass extinction— should we kill off a species on purpose?  Special thanks to James P. Collins, Max Scott, Amy Murillo, Daniel Griffin, Phil Kaufman, Katie Barnhill, Arthur Caplan, Ron Sandler, Yasha Rohwer, Aaron Keefe, Gwendolyn Bogard, Maria Sabate, Meredith Asbury, and Joanne Padrón Carney EPISODE CREDITS:  Reported by - Sarah Qari with help from - Latif Nasser Produced by - Sarah Qari Sound design contributed by - Sarah Qari Fact-checking by - Emily Krieger EPISODE CITATIONS: **The latest information on screwworm outbreaks and precautions:  screwworm.gov [http://screwworm.gov] Videos: * Oral history interviews of Edward F. Knipling: here [https://archive.org/details/cat31344919] (https://zpr.io/njhMedFN5jsZ) and here [https://archive.org/details/cat31344920] (https://zpr.io/VQReQbfznCrq [https://zpr.io/VQReQbfznCrq])  Podcasts: * Here’s a Spotify playlist [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5sgSHHB3LuubU4cXzKd2ze?si=R8gh-yUZSGamXKqGlE7dZg] (https://zpr.io/PNMEM274G7vh [https://zpr.io/PNMEM274G7vh])  of all of our Golden Goose-inspired episodes! * Sam Kean’s podcast The Disappearing Spoon – his episode about screwworms is called The Screwiest and Perhaps Most Original Idea of the 20th Century [https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/disappearing-pod/the-screwiest-and-perhaps-most-original-idea-of-the-20th-century/] (https://zpr.io/UYf6dR2yG3eN [https://zpr.io/UYf6dR2yG3eN])  * Our episode on CRISPR & gene drives [https://radiolab.org/podcast/update-crispr] (https://zpr.io/UYf6dR2yG3eN [https://zpr.io/UYf6dR2yG3eN])  * New to Radiolab? Check out our Radiolab Starter Kit [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/7eoEmqGP7vWRyTfc9ncLDh?si=f8ebfc13b5f443d2] (https://zpr.io/QpPnrHAZVQLR [https://zpr.io/QpPnrHAZVQLR])  playlist of all-time favorite episodes! Articles: * Sarah Zhang’s latest piece in The Atlantic: American Milk Has Changed [https://www.theatlantic.com/science/2026/02/americas-cows-milkfat/685881/] (https://zpr.io/xebbdq2MWV4L [https://zpr.io/xebbdq2MWV4L])  * Her most recent piece on screwworms: The ‘Man-Eater’ Screwworm Is Coming [https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2025/05/screwworms-outbreak-united-states/682925/] (https://zpr.io/ECmjCs7ScbS4 [https://zpr.io/ECmjCs7ScbS4])  * Her initial reporting on screwworms: America’s Never-Ending Battle Against Flesh-Eating Worms [https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/flesh-eating-worms-disease-containment-america-panama/611026/] (https://zpr.io/PNMEM274G7vh [https://zpr.io/PNMEM274G7vh])  * Gregory Kaebnick’s paper [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv4045] (https://zpr.io/yqNC3q5FbCcq [https://zpr.io/yqNC3q5FbCcq])  about screwworm eradication in Science Archival materials:  * The USDA’s Screwworm Eradication Records [https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/items/browse?collection=31&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CIdentifier&sort_order=desc&page=1] (https://zpr.io/dY7zuVdGYKjf [https://zpr.io/dY7zuVdGYKjf]) contain lots of cool images and letters Signup for our newsletter!! It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up [https://radiolab.org/newsletter] (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)! Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab [http://members.radiolab.org] (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. Follow our show on Instagram [http://instagram.com/radiolab], Twitter [http://twitter.com/radiolab] and Facebook [http://facebook.com/radiolab] @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org [radiolab@wnyc.org]. Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Simons Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.