8,000 Meta workers wake up jobless; Bezos calls AI a bulldozer, not a threat; Pew says workers unimpressed with AI; Upwork fires humans; pharma layoffs soar; fewest S&P jobs since 2016

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In Today’s News Meta Fired 8,000 People Yesterday, From 4am Onward Amazon’s Jeff Bezos Tries To Sell The Wonders Of AI Pew Research Says Most Americans Dislike The Idea Of AI Upwork Cuts A Quarter Of Its Human Labor S&P 500 Employed Fewer Staff In 2025 Than In 2016 Pharma On A Layoff Spree Meta Layoffs Yesterday morning, Meta began executing the largest single-day workforce reduction in its history [https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/5/20/meta-cuts-8000-jobs-in-sweeping-global-layoffs]. Notifications went out at 4 a.m. local time, rolling across time zones from Singapore to Europe to the United States. By the end of the day, 8,000 people had lost their jobs, 6,000 open positions had been cancelled, and 7,000 remaining workers had been redirected into newly created AI-focused units. The specific teams cut first tell you something about the company’s strategy going forward. Workers on Meta’s integrity team, the group responsible for removing hate speech and malicious content, were among the first to go [https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/5/20/meta-cuts-8000-jobs-in-sweeping-global-layoffs]. So were members of the cybersecurity team and the content design division. Meta had already moved in March to replace third-party contractors handling content moderation with AI systems. Listen on Apple Podcasts [https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-ai-labor-report/id1896663061] The May 20 layoffs formalized what the March contractor transition had already begun. The workers who kept the platforms safe from manipulation are now the workers AI displaced first. Zuckerberg’s memo to staff that morning read: “Success isn’t a given” in the AI era. [https://www.cnbc.com/2026/05/20/meta-layoffs-zuckerberg-says-success-isnt-a-given-in-memo.html] Meta’s CFO told investors during the Q1 earnings call that executives “don’t really know what the optimal size of the company will be in the future.” That admission came from a company in the middle of cutting 10 percent of its workforce and committing up to $145 billion in capital spending this year, most of it on AI infrastructure. The total displacement at Meta since 2022 now stands at roughly 25,000 workers. More cuts are planned for the second half of 2026. Jeff Bezos Went on CNBC the Same Morning While Meta’s notifications were going out, Amazon founder Jeff Bezos appeared on CNBC’s Squawk Box [https://www.cnbc.com/2026/05/20/jeff-bezos-taxes-ai-corporations-trump.html] and told viewers that workers worried about AI displacement are “dead wrong.” “If you’ve been digging out a basement for your house with a shovel and somebody’s about to hand you a bulldozer, you should be so happy,” [https://gizmodo.com/jeff-bezos-tells-workers-to-be-so-happy-theyre-being-given-the-gift-of-ai-2000761413] Bezos said. He predicted that AI will produce so much productivity and economic abundance that the real problem will be a labor shortage, not unemployment. He added that housing will get cheaper, food will get cheaper, and that households with two earners will voluntarily see one person leave the workforce. Asked directly whether Amazon has laid off workers due to AI, Bezos said there have been no AI-related layoffs at the company [https://www.benzinga.com/markets/tech/26/05/52698076/jeff-bezos-says-ai-isnt-taking-all-the-jobs-theres-going-to-be-a-labor-shortage]. Amazon has cut at least 30,000 workers since October 2025. BUY NOW! [https://wimdodson.gumroad.com/l/gods_in_the_machine?_gl=1*19da5a0*_ga*MTEwMjE2MDkwMy4xNzc2OTY4MDQy*_ga_6LJN6D94N6*czE3NzY5NjgwNDEkbzEkZzEkdDE3NzY5NjgxNzIkajU5JGwwJGgw] Get the NEW Book that exposes the Narratives Tech uses to build its AI Empire. $4.95 flat fee for Kindle, Nook, Tablets, and Mobile. No subscription required.3.5-hr reading time. The timing of the interview and the layoffs was not coordinated. That makes it more instructive, not less. The same morning that thousands of workers learned by email that their jobs were gone, the founder of one of the largest employers in America described the situation as a gift. Nevertheless, an October 2025 New York Times article cites that Amazon expects to sell roughly twice as many products by 2033, yet its internal robotics team aims to avoid hiring more than 600,000 U.S. workers who would otherwise be needed to handle that volume. In other words, Amazon is describing jobs that will never be created, not jobs being eliminated from existing workers. A Pew Research Center survey cited in coverage of the Bezos interview found that half of U.S. adults are more concerned than excited about AI [https://www.cnbc.com/2026/05/20/jeff-bezos-taxes-ai-corporations-trump.html]. Among employed workers specifically, 52 percent say they feel worried about the future impact of AI in the workplace, 33 percent feel overwhelmed, and 32 percent believe AI will lead to fewer job opportunities for them long-term [https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2025/02/25/workers-views-of-ai-use-in-the-workplace/]. The workers in that survey are not describing an abstract future. They are describing the labor market they are already in. Upwork Cuts a Quarter of Its Workforce. Its Product Is Human Labor. On May 7, Upwork CEO Hayden Brown announced the company would cut roughly 25 percent of its workforce [https://officechai.com/ai/upwork-lays-off-25-of-its-workforce-says-ai-will-lead-to-smaller-teams/], writing in a memo to employees: “Two pizza teams are dead. AI means smaller, differently resourced teams in product and engineering can make a bigger impact than ever.” Upwork is a marketplace that exists to connect businesses with freelance human workers. The platform is now cutting its own human staff while routing more work through AI agents. The company’s stock fell 19 percent on the announcement. Upwork’s CEO framed the cuts as structural, not cyclical, built around the premise that AI permanently reduces the number of people needed to produce a given output. Coinbase, PayPal, Cloudflare, Freshworks, and Block all announced similar double-digit cuts in the same two-week window [https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/technology/articles/layoffs-accelerate-may-2026-firms-040430218.html], each citing AI efficiency as the primary driver. The pattern across the cohort is consistent: companies with flat-to-rising revenue are using AI as the stated reason for headcount reductions, not weak demand. The S&P 500 Employed Fewer People in 2025 Than in 2016 The layoffs at Upwork, Meta, and the May cohort are not isolated decisions. S&P 500 total headcount fell in 2025 for the first time since 2016 [https://layoffhedge.com/company/upwork], with the combined workforce of America’s largest public companies dropping by roughly 400,000 workers and ending eight consecutive years of employment growth. BUY NOW [https://wimdodson.gumroad.com/l/invasion_ai?_gl=1*g1iey2*_ga*OTc1NjU2NTcyLjE3NzQwMzA3NjM.*_ga_6LJN6D94N6*czE3NzQwMzMyMjUkbzIkZzEkdDE3NzQwMzQ2ODgkajYwJGwwJGgw]! Get the book that examines how the AI invasion already happened. You just weren’t invited. $9.95 flat fee for Kindle, Nook, Tablets, and Mobile. No subscription required. 2-hr reading time. The companies that define American corporate employment are collectively employing fewer people. Despite a growing economy and record capital spending, humans are mere collateral to be shed. The capital is going up into AI infrastructure. The headcount is going down. Biopharma Layoffs Are Up 24 Percent Year Over Year Biopharma companies cut 14,167 workers in the first four and a half months of 2026 [https://www.biospace.com/job-trends/takeda-cuts-send-layoffs-soaring-in-may-rising-year-over-year], up 24 percent from the same period in 2025. Takeda Pharmaceutical’s 4,500-person reduction drove much of the increase. The AI/Labor Report is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. The biopharma sector employs large numbers of administrative, operational, and support workers who have no particular reason to identify with the tech layoff narrative. They are in it anyway. Fifty-two biopharma companies made cuts in the first four and a half months of 2026, compared to 114 in the same period of 2025 [https://www.biospace.com/job-trends/takeda-cuts-send-layoffs-soaring-in-may-rising-year-over-year]. Fewer companies are cutting, but each cut is larger. The layoff wave is consolidating into bigger, more deliberate restructurings, the kind that reflect strategic decisions rather than quarterly belt-tightening. The picture across all of these stories is the same one the Bureau of Labor Statistics data confirmed last Friday. The headline economy looks stable. Underneath the headline, though, the sectors where most workers actually earn their living are contracting. The companies doing the contracting are reporting that this is the plan. More Stories Production support from Eleven Labs Get full access to The AI/Labor Report at ailabor.substack.com/subscribe [https://ailabor.substack.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_4]

Half the office ignores AI; Gen Z sabotages the rollout; AI disintegrating India's $283B economic flywheel; Europe's 15% AI adoption gives regulation breathing space; new employment numbers on the way

Something interesting is happening in corporate America, and it is the kind of thing that does not show up in the quarterly earnings calls where executives explain, with considerable confidence, that AI is transforming their organizations. Workers are not using the AI tools their companies bought. Listen on Apple Podcasts [https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-ai-labor-report/id1896663061] A Fortune report drawing on a 2025 Gallup survey [https://fortune.com/2026/04/09/ai-backlash-quiet-quitting-fobo-obsolete-white-collar-rebellion] found that 49% of American office workers use no AI tools at work whatsoever. Only 12% use them daily. This is, by any measure, a remarkable return on the billions of dollars companies have spent on enterprise AI licenses. A separate 2026 survey of 2,400 knowledge workers found that 29% of employees admit to actively sabotaging their company’s AI strategy. Among Gen Z employees, the generation that corporate strategists assumed would lead adoption, that figure rises to 44%. A February 2026 study found that mandated AI use is now driving resignations [https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/technology/articles/white-collar-workers-quietly-rebelling-100000372.html]. Twenty-rwo percent of workers say they would consider leaving a job rather than use AI in ways they find objectionable. Workers have coined a term for the underlying anxiety: FOBO, or Fear of Becoming Obsolete. The anxiety is not difficult to follow. Companies announcing major AI investments have, with some regularity, announced layoffs in the same earnings calls. Employees have noticed this pattern. What the CEO Says vs. What the Data Shows Microsoft AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman told the Financial Times in February 2026 [https://fortune.com/article/why-microsoft-ai-chief-mustafa-suleyman-predicts-ai-automation-18-months/] that AI would achieve human-level performance on most professional tasks within 12 to 18 months. BUY NOW! [https://wimdodson.gumroad.com/l/gods_in_the_machine?_gl=1*19da5a0*_ga*MTEwMjE2MDkwMy4xNzc2OTY4MDQy*_ga_6LJN6D94N6*czE3NzY5NjgwNDEkbzEkZzEkdDE3NzY5NjgxNzIkajU5JGwwJGgw] Get the NEW Book that exposes the Narratives Tech uses to build its AI Empire. $4.95 flat fee for Kindle, Nook, Tablets, and Mobile. No subscription required.3.5-hr reading time. He named lawyers, accountants, project managers, and marketing professionals specifically. He pointed to software engineering as evidence the transformation was already well under way. He noted that Microsoft engineers now use AI-assisted coding for the vast majority of their code production. It is therefore worth examining what the controlled research shows about software engineering in particular, since that is the field Suleyman cited as his proof of concept. A randomized controlled trial published by nonprofit research organization [https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089] tested 16 experienced software developers performing 246 real tasks with and without AI tools. These were not interns. Each had at least five years of experience on the specific projects they were working on. AI tools made them 19% slower. The developers themselves predicted AI would speed them up by 24%. After completing the study, having just experienced a measurable slowdown, they still believed AI had helped them, estimating a 20% improvement. A follow-up analysis by engineering research firm Faros [https://www.faros.ai/blog/lab-vs-reality-ai-productivity-study-findings] found the same pattern at the organizational level: developers complete more individual tasks with AI assistance, but the organizations they work for deliver no faster. Anecdotally, programmers who make extensive use of AI-coding tools are finding they do not understand the programming structures and lines of code AI develops. Programmers are finding after several weeks of use they have to rewrite much of the code themselves to, first, understand the code as they would have written it originally; and, two, to make modifications to the AI-code base. As long as the code does not have to be modified, AI-coding tools save development time; for add-ons, modifications, and streamlining processes, humans must be in the loop. Suleyman’s 18-month timeline may yet prove correct. The current controlled evidence is running in the opposite direction, which is the kind of detail that tends to get left out of Financial Times interviews. Europe Adopts AI More Slowly Than the Coverage Suggests Eurostat data covered by Euronews in March 2026 [https://www.euronews.com/tag/work] found that while one-third of EU citizens used generative AI tools in 2025, fewer than half used them for work purposes. Actual workplace AI adoption across the EU sits at 15%. The firms facing the EU AI Act’s August 2 compliance deadline are, for the most part, running operations where the majority of employees do not use these tools in their daily work. The regulation is arriving ahead of the behavior it is designed to govern. The AI/Labor Report is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. India’s Tech Sector and the Knock-On Effects The numbers coming out of India’s IT sector are striking enough on their own. India’s IT and business process management industry generates $283 billion annually and accounts for more than 7% of GDP. Niti Aayog, India’s national planning commission, projects [https://startuptalky.com/ai-in-hr-india-future-of-jobs-reskilling-gap-78-million-jobs/]that tech headcount may fall from between 7.5 and 8 million workers today to 6 million by 2031. But there may be a knock-on effect beyond the technology industry in the form of a “flywheel effect.” High-wage IT jobs generate spending across real estate, education, restaurants, retail, and consumer services in the cities where those workers live. CNBC’s Inside India newsletter documented [https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/30/ai-threat-indias-growth-story-jobs.html] how as those service jobs dissolve, the IT sector that focuses on the domestic market will shrink as well. Shrinkage further impacts the number of workers in the sectors dependent on IT-worker spend. A Counterpoint Worth Taking Seriously The European Central Bank surveyed 5,000 European firms in March 2026 [https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2026/html/ecb.blog20260304~d9e34fc95f.en.html] and found that companies adopting AI in Europe are currently more likely to increase hiring than reduce it. This stands in direct contrast to U.S. and UK data. The ECB researchers noted the result is provisional. European labor market institutions make aggressive restructuring harder. European AI adoption lags the U.S. by an estimated 18 to 24 months, so hiring numbers may be different within two years. New Payroll Numbers ADP released its May employment report this morning [https://www.cnbc.com/2026/06/03/adp-jobs-report-may-2026-payrolls-increase-by-122000.html]. It showed 122,000 private-sector jobs added, the best month since January 2025. Eight of ten sectors gained. The information sector lost 9,000 jobs, a figure CNBC described directly as a possible AI impact. Pay for job-stayers rose 4.4% year-over-year. The official BLS nonfarm payrolls report for May publishes tomorrow at 8:30 a.m. Wall Street’s consensus is 80,000 jobs added. Capital Economics forecasts as few as 65,000. Federal Reserve officials will use the result in their June 16-17 policy meeting [https://www.kiplinger.com/investing/economy/this-weeks-economic-calendar]. The information sector’s continued contraction will be the figure worth watching, whatever the headline number turns out to be. BUY NOW [https://wimdodson.gumroad.com/l/invasion_ai?_gl=1*g1iey2*_ga*OTc1NjU2NTcyLjE3NzQwMzA3NjM.*_ga_6LJN6D94N6*czE3NzQwMzMyMjUkbzIkZzEkdDE3NzQwMzQ2ODgkajYwJGwwJGgw]! Get the book that examines how the AI invasion already happened. You just weren’t invited. $9.95 flat fee for Kindle, Nook, Tablets, and Mobile. No subscription required. 2-hr reading time. Get full access to The AI/Labor Report at ailabor.substack.com/subscribe [https://ailabor.substack.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_4]

Gestern8 min

IMF says AI is shrinking the middle class; 134,000 tech jobs gone this year; Upwork fires the workers it sells work to; Citi cutting 20,000; two CEOs soften their AI Jobpocalypse story before they IPO

The Middle Class Is the Target The International Monetary Fund does not typically frame its research in personal terms. Its January 2026 “Staff Discussion Note” on AI and new job creation [https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-discussion-notes/issues/2026/01/09/bridging-skill-gaps-for-the-future-new-jobs-creation-in-the-ai-age-572136] does. https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-discussion-notes/issues/2026/01/09/bridging-skill-gaps-for-the-future-new-jobs-creation-in-the-ai-age-572136The IMF finds that in regions with higher demand for AI-related skills, employment levels are 3.6% lower in occupations that are highly exposed to AI but offer limited scope for human-AI complementarity. The workers absorbing those losses are in entry-level and middle-skilled roles. Listen on Apple Podcasts [https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-ai-labor-report/id1896663061] About one in ten job vacancies in advanced economies now demands at least one new AI-related skill [https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2026/01/14/new-skills-and-ai-are-reshaping-the-future-of-work]. Those vacancies pay more. The jobs that do not require new AI skills are paying less and disappearing faster. So, AI skill premiums benefit workers at the top of the wage distribution. Workers at the bottom are also benefiting indirectly through service consumption. The group in between absorbs the displacement without capturing the gains. That group is the middle class. The IMF is an institution that chooses its words carefully. It used the phrase “contributing to the shrinking of the middle class” in a published research note. JPMorgan Just Put $40 Million on the Table for the Workers the IMF Is Describing Jamie Dimon arrived at a similar conclusion through a different route. In March, the JPMorgan CEO declared that the American Dream was “slipping out of reach for too many people.” This week JPMorgan published details of a $40 million small-business investment program [https://fortune.com/2026/05/27/jamie-dimon-american-dream-jpmorganchase-40-million-small-business/]. The program routs grants through community development financial institutions toward the communities his bank’s own data identifies as falling behind. JPMorgan’s own research finds that fewer than 10% of new businesses reach $1 million in revenue within five years. The structural disadvantage is concentrated among founders who lack inherited wealth or strong professional networks. The Freelance Economy’s Version of Work Degradation The online contract platform Upwork based its entire business on the premise that human knowledge work is abundant. It just cut a quarter of its own staff. Upwork CEO Hayden Brown announced on May 7 [https://officechai.com/ai/upwork-lays-off-25-of-its-workforce-says-ai-will-lead-to-smaller-teams/] that the company would reduce its workforce by approximately 25%. Her memo, published on Upwork’s website, stated: “Two pizza teams are dead. AI means smaller, differently resourced teams in product and engineering can make a bigger impact than ever.” BUY NOW! [https://wimdodson.gumroad.com/l/gods_in_the_machine?_gl=1*19da5a0*_ga*MTEwMjE2MDkwMy4xNzc2OTY4MDQy*_ga_6LJN6D94N6*czE3NzY5NjgwNDEkbzEkZzEkdDE3NzY5NjgxNzIkajU5JGwwJGgw] Get the NEW Book that exposes the Narratives Tech uses to build its AI Empire. $4.95 flat fee for Kindle, Nook, Tablets, and Mobile. No subscription required.3.5-hr reading time. The irony in the announcement is that Upwork exists to connect businesses with independent knowledge workers: writers, designers, developers, analysts, and marketers. Those are precisely the categories where AI has displaced freelancers most aggressively. Writing projects on Upwork fell 32% year over year in 2025. [https://www.selfemployed.com/news/ai-freelance-platforms-2026/] The CEO of the platform built on freelance demand is cutting staff because the demand for the work the platform sells has contracted. The displacement has an additional dimension. A customer support specialist or content writer displaced from one platform cannot simply apply for the same role at a competitor. Every competitor is reducing that function simultaneously. https://www.vaasblock.com/news/ai-layoffs-workforce-restructuring-cloudflare-coinbase-2026/Read my substack article “How to Ford ‘Amodei’s Moat:’ A Worker’s Guide to the AI Labor Shift [https://futureforwarded.substack.com/p/how-to-ford-amodeis-moat-a-workers]“ to find out how and why AI is making a career change in the labor marketplace has become more difficult. Nevertheless, the supply of mid-market writing, design, and support work is declining across the entire market, not redistributing to a different platform. [https://www.vaasblock.com/news/ai-layoffs-workforce-restructuring-cloudflare-coinbase-2026/] That is the structural unemployment dimension of 2026 that the aggregate statistics are not capturing. BUY NOW [https://wimdodson.gumroad.com/l/invasion_ai?_gl=1*g1iey2*_ga*OTc1NjU2NTcyLjE3NzQwMzA3NjM.*_ga_6LJN6D94N6*czE3NzQwMzMyMjUkbzIkZzEkdDE3NzQwMzQ2ODgkajYwJGwwJGgw]! Get the book that examines how the AI invasion already happened. You just weren’t invited. $9.95 flat fee for Kindle, Nook, Tablets, and Mobile. No subscription required. 2-hr reading time. The Running Total Just Crossed 134,000 A real-time tracker updated today [https://skillsyncer.com/layoffs-tracker]puts the 2026 tech sector layoff total at 134,603 workers across 212 layoff events since January 1. The pace is faster than the same period in 2025. Companies are simultaneously cutting in content creation, customer support, data entry, and basic coding while expanding in AI safety, machine learning operations, and AI-human collaboration roles. The workers being cut and the workers being hired are different people with different skills in different cities. The tracker number has grown by more than 20,000 since Tuesday. Citigroup Is Executing the Final Phase of Its 20,000-cuts Job Plan Citigroup filed WARN notices in New Jersey this week [https://www.thelayoff.com/citigroup] covering separations scheduled between May 21 and June 14, 2026, as part of an AI automation and restructuring strategy. [https://www.thelayoff.com/citigroup] The filings are part of Citi’s multi-year plan to eliminate 20,000 jobs across its global workforce by the end of this year. CFO Mark Mason has stated that headcount will keep declining as AI tools take hold across middle-office and operational functions. WARN notices are public legal documents. They put job losses on the record in a way that earnings call language does not require. The Citigroup filings this week describe tellers, back-office analysts, compliance staff, and IT support workers whose roles are being phased out as AI monitoring systems and automated processes replace them. These are the banking sector equivalents of the workers the IMF is tracking in its middle-class polarization data. The IPO Motive Behind the Week’s Altman Drama This week began with Sam Altman speaking to a group in Sydney and saying the jobs apocalypse he had warned about had not arrived. That story, covered in Tuesday’s edition, acquired a second dimension on Wednesday. Fortune reported [https://fortune.com/2026/05/26/sam-altman-dario-amodei-walking-back-ai-jobs-apocalypse-prophecies-ipo/] that both Altman and Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei have publicly reversed their most alarming predictions about AI job losses, with the timing coinciding directly with IPO preparations. OpenAI is targeting a late 2026 public listing at a valuation near $1 trillion. Anthropic is planning a 2026 offering at approximately $380 billion. Amodei previously warned that 50% of white-collar jobs faced elimination within several years. He now frames automation as a productivity multiplier. “If you automate 90% of the job,” he said this month, “then everyone does the 10% of the job.” The 10%, he argues, expands to fill 100% of what people do and multiplies their output tenfold. The argument is coherent as economic theory. It describes a future in which workers remain employed and become more productive. It doesn’t seem, though, that many CEOs are treading the “pro-worker” path of AI use. The Yale Budget Lab Data Altman and Amodei Are Leaning On The aggregate stability data that both CEOs are now citing as evidence their earlier predictions were wrong comes from the Yale Budget Lab’s ongoing labor market tracker. The Yale research [https://mlq.ai/news/altman-and-amodei-walk-back-ai-job-apocalypse-warnings-ahead-of-trillion-dollar-ipos/]finds no significant shifts in occupational mix or unemployment for high-AI-exposure jobs since ChatGPT’s 2022 launch. The AI/Labor Report is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. The same research notes that occupational shifts already visible in 2021 were underway before generative AI tools became widely available. The Yale data measures employed workers in formal occupations. It counts people who are in the system. It does not count the contractors, gig workers, and the freelancers who used to work on Upwork. Further, it does not account for the early-exit buyout takers who have already left formal employment and fall outside the tracking algorithms the aggregate statistics rely on. The stability finding is accurate for the population the Yale Report measures.However, that population is getting smaller. Get full access to The AI/Labor Report at ailabor.substack.com/subscribe [https://ailabor.substack.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_4]

29. Mai 20269 min

8,000 Meta workers wake up jobless; Bezos calls AI a bulldozer, not a threat; Pew says workers unimpressed with AI; Upwork fires humans; pharma layoffs soar; fewest S&P jobs since 2016

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