The Black Death and the Birth of the English Apothecary

The Black Death and the Rise of the English Yeoman Farmer

In the decades after the Black Death, labour shortages and falling grain prices forced English landowners to shift from demesne farming to land leasing. This episode follows the rise of the yeoman farmer — men like John Rickinghall of Suffolk, who parlayed their skills and savings into independent holdings. We explore how the commutation of labour services accelerated, how the Statute of Labourers backfired, and how former villeins climbed the social ladder, buying land and even serving as manorial officials. The Peasants' Revolt of 1381, often seen as a desperate uprising, is reframed here as a symptom of a system already in collapse. The yeoman class that emerged would dominate English rural life for centuries, laying the groundwork for capitalist agriculture and the Tudor commonwealth. #BlackDeath #EnglishYeoman #MedievalEngland #JohnRickinghall #StatuteOfLabourers #PeasantsRevolt #Villein #ManorialCourtRolls #Commutation #CustomaryTenure #FeudalismDecline #LandLeasing #EconomicHistory #SocialMobility #14thCentury #Suffolk #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Black Death and the Rise of the English Peasant Landowner

After the Black Death wiped out a third of Europe's population, English peasants found themselves in unprecedented bargaining power. With labour scarce and land abundant, many villeins abandoned their manorial obligations, negotiated cash rents, and began accumulating property. This episode traces how figures like John Rickinghall, a Suffolk villein, leveraged the crisis to transform from serf to freeholder. We explore the mechanisms of commutation, the rise of customary land transfers recorded in manorial court rolls, and the legal battles over villein status that followed. The episode examines the long-term consequences: the emergence of a yeoman class, the erosion of feudalism, and the roots of English agrarian capitalism. It also touches on the Great Revolt of 1381 as a direct response to attempts to roll back these gains. A story of resilience and economic shift that reshaped rural England. #BlackDeath #MedievalEngland #PeasantLandowner #Feudalism #Villein #JohnRickinghall #ManorialCourts #CustomaryTenure #Yeoman #GreatRevolt #AgrarianCapitalism #StatuteOfLabourers #PollTax #Computation #Suffolk #History #FexingoHistory #EconomicHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Black Death and the Flagellants: Penance, Persecution, and Plague

In 1348, as the Black Death swept across Europe, a strange and terrifying movement emerged: the Flagellants. These processions of penitents, whipping themselves in public, spread from Hungary through Germany and into the Low Countries, drawing thousands of followers and the suspicion of the Church. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the origins of the Flagellant movement, its rapid growth, and its violent turn against Jewish communities. They discuss the theological controversies that surrounded self-flagellation, the Church's eventual condemnation by Pope Clement VI, and how the movement reflected the desperate search for meaning in a time of unimaginable death. Drawing on chroniclers like Henry of Herford and the Annales Colmarienses, they examine the mix of genuine piety and social control that drove the Flagellants, and ask what their story reveals about medieval responses to catastrophe. This is a fresh angle on the Black Death, focusing not on economic or political fallout, but on a visceral, collective act of religious fervour that reshaped communities and left a dark legacy. #BlackDeath #Flagellants #Penance #MedievalHistory #PopeClementVI #HenryOfHerford #AnnalesColmarienses #Avignon #Germany #LowCountries #Plague #ReligiousHistory #Persecution #JewishHistory #1348 #MiddleAges #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Black Death and the Birth of the English Apothecary

Before the Black Death, English medicine was a mix of folk remedies and monastic care. The plague shattered that world, creating a void that a new kind of practitioner rushed to fill: the apothecary. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how the pandemic birthed a profession. They follow John le Spicer, a pepperer who began stocking exotic drugs from the East—opium, myrrh, and theriac, the legendary antidote. They trace the founding of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries in 1617, but start with the key moment in 1349 when the Crown first regulated apothecaries separately from grocers. Along the way, they discuss the Ordinance of Physicians and Apothecaries (1423), the shift from monastic infirmaries to urban shops, and how the plague made medicine a trade. The episode also explores the role of women like Margery Hore, who practiced as an apothecary in London. A story of crisis, opportunity, and the birth of modern pharmacy. #BlackDeath #Apothecary #MedievalMedicine #JohnLeSpicer #Theriac #Mithridatium #WorshipfulSocietyOfApothecaries #GuildOfPepperers #OrdinanceOfPhysicians #Plague #MedievalTrade #PharmacyHistory #MargeryHore #LondonHistory #14thCentury #HistoryOfMedicine #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Black Death and the Adoption of the Chimney

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how the Black Death reshaped English domestic architecture, focusing on the adoption of the chimney. Before the plague, most homes were smoky hall houses with central hearths. After the labor shortage and rising wages, peasants could afford better housing. Lucas explains the shift from cruck-framed Wealden hall houses to chimney-equipped homes, the role of the Statute of Labourers in driving innovation, and the rise of the bressummer. They also touch on the first brick chimneys and the impact on daily life, including the end of the louver. This episode builds on earlier discussions of manor courts and peasant revolts to show how even the way people kept warm changed after 1348. #BlackDeath #Chimney #WealdenHallHouse #CruckFrame #Bressummer #Hearth #MedievalArchitecture #StatuteOfLabourers #PeasantRevolt #14thCentury #EnglishHistory #DomesticArchitecture #SmokeBay #Louver #Housing #PostPlague #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]