The Knowledge Project

Greg Brockman: Inside the 72 Hours That Almost Killed OpenAI

The AI race, the future of AGI, and the inside story of OpenAI. Greg Brockman is the co-founder and President of OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT and GPT-5. He was the first engineer at Stripe before leaving in 2015 to help start OpenAI. In this rare conversation, Greg goes inside the moments that built, and nearly broke, the most important AI company in the world. Greg explains how the original Napa offsite produced the three-step technical plan OpenAI has followed for a decade and the real reason OpenAI had to abandon its pure nonprofit structure. He then walks through the 72 hours after Sam Altman was fired: where he was when he got the board call, why he quit the same day, how the "Phoenix" backup company was designed at Sam's house the next morning, and the moment Ilya Sutskever's tweet changed everything. From there, the conversation turns forward: whether we're in a global AI race, how much of OpenAI's own code is now written by AI ("it's hard to know what percent is not"), why OpenAI stopped showing reasoning traces, what a compute-constrained world means for who gets access to AGI, and Greg's answer to the question everyone is really asking: What happens to your job? ----- Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction 00:00:49 Meeting Sam Altman and Starting OpenAI 00:02:40 Building the Founding Team 00:04:25 DeepMind's Lead Over OpenAI 00:04:54 The Change from a Pure Non-Profit 00:06:05 Breakthrough Moments at OpenAI 00:08:22 What Dota 2 Meant for OpenAI 00:10:04 Reasoning Versus Prediction 00:11:59 Tensions Grow at OpenAI 00:15:44 Sam Altman's Firing 00:17:49 Greg Quits OpenAI 00:19:56 Sam Explores Deal with Microsoft's Satya 00:20:28 OpenAI Employees Sign Petition for Altman's Return 00:23:43 Ilya Sutskever Leaves OpenAI 00:24:59 Lessons Learned in Leadership after Sam Ousting 00:28:22 The Thing Ilya Said that Greg Can't Forget 00:32:22 Is AI Going Parabolic? 00:33:24 How Much of OpenAI's Code is Written by AI? 00:36:21 Are AI Chatbots Just Telling Us What We Want to Hear? 00:38:06 The Global AI Race to Reach AGI 00:38:40 What Happens if US Doesn't Reach AGI First? 00:39:49 Are Competing Countries Stealing AI Advancements from U.S? 00:40:38 Why ChatGPT No Longer Shows Reasoning 00:41:47 The Finite Constraints of Compute 00:43:38 On Investing Early in Data Centers 00:46:31 The Future of Data Center Specialization 00:47:52 How OpenAI Will Decide Whose Queries to Serve 00:49:08 OpenAI on Consumer vs Enterprise Models 00:53:05 Data Centers in Space? 01:00:56 What Should AI Regulation Look Like? 01:04:33 The Future of AI-Powered Entrepreneurship 01:04:44 AI and Job Loss 01:07:15 The Skills Young People Should Invest In 01:11:30 What Does Success Look Like For You? ------ Newsletter: The Brain Food newsletter delivers actionable insights and thoughtful ideas every Sunday. It takes 5 minutes to read, and it’s completely free. Learn more and sign up at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠fs.blog/newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://fs.blog/newsletter/] ------ Follow Shane Parrish: X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/shaneparrish⁠ [https://x.com/shaneparrish] Insta: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/farnamstreet/⁠ [https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/0952fb44-cf49-11ef-b8d1-b3d0eb63a3e5/podcasts/9c0d00ea-df1d-11ef-9477-2b8336fcd8e9/episodes/14f2f220-0089-11f1-bf31-33a5591c2bb0] LinkedIn: ⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/⁠ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/] Follow Greg Brockman: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/thegdb/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/thegdb/] Blog: https://blog.gregbrockman.com/ [https://blog.gregbrockman.com/] ------ Thank you to the sponsors for this episode: +CoinShares: Delivering Reason to Digital Asset Investing. ⁠https://coinshares.com/⁠ [https://coinshares.com/] +Granola AI, The AI notepad for people in back-to-back meetings: https://www.granola.ai/shane [https://www.granola.ai/shane] Check out the Granola Notes. [https://notes.granola.ai/t/2c35c84f-6eb4-497a-8419-294d92141721-009c2hma] HeyGen is a message-first AI video platform that helps people and AI agents turn ideas into professional video in minutes. Try for free at https://www.heygen.com/ [https://www.heygen.com/] Join the salty rebellion: https://drinklmnt.com/ [https://drinklmnt.com/] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices [https://megaphone.fm/adchoices]

Playing to Win: Mario Harik on Running XPO, Spotting A Players, and Thinking Big

Mario Harik is the CEO of XPO, one of the largest trucking companies in the world, and leads a team of 40,000 people across a multi‑billion‑dollar operation. He started as employee #3, trained under Brad Jacobs (who’s built eight multibillion‑dollar companies from scratch), and has spent the last two decades turning engineering discipline, frontline feedback, and a deep belief in human potential into a repeatable leadership system. In this conversation, Mario breaks down how he makes decisions in real time using data and “second‑derivative” thinking, how he hires and develops A players (and the gut test that quietly tells you who isn’t one), how he runs meetings so the most junior person in the room often delivers the best idea, and why ego, complacency, and small goals are the silent cap on most leaders and most companies. You’ll learn: how an engineer thinks about strategy and execution, what Mario learned from Brad Jacobs about thinking big and moving fast, the A/B/C player framework he uses to assess talent, how he turned the Yellow bankruptcy into a capital‑allocation win, and the three core levers—people, capital, and time—he believes drive every great business result. Enjoy. Timestamps: (00:00:00) Why Ego and Complacency Quietly Cap Great Leaders (00:00:19) How an Engineer’s Mind Changes the Way You Lead (00:01:58) Using Engineering Frameworks to Run a Multi‑Billion‑Dollar Business (00:03:38)  Letting Go of Perfection: How People Actually Operate (00:05:14) Lessons from Brad Jacobs: Thinking Bigger (00:07:13) Building Strong Teams and the Feedback Loops That Keep Them Going (00:08:18) Evaluating Talent: Skill, Work Ethic, and the Collegiality Test (00:10:51) Disagree, Then Commit: Making Better Decisions as a Team (00:12:50) The Service‑First Strategy Behind XPO’s Customer Edge (00:16:21) Running a Giant Business in Real Time with KPIs and Data (00:19:41) Why the Best Ideas Come from Frontline Employees (00:22:35) Using AI and Tech to Track Performance and Cut Errors  (00:28:35) Coaching People with Data Instead of Opinions (00:29:30) How to Run Effective Meetings (00:32:36) Pre‑Meeting Prep: Getting the Most Out of Your Team (00:34:29) Spotting and Developing Future Leaders Inside Your Company (00:39:48) Mario’s Hiring Framework: How He Really Assesses Candidates (00:47:30) Early Life Lessons That Still Shape How He Leads Today (00:49:27) Thinking Analytically About Risk and Big Decisions  (00:50:56) Inside the Yellow Bankruptcy Acquisition: A Case Study  (00:55:31) Turning Strategy Into Execution Through Financial Tracking (00:59:23) The A/B/C Player Framework for Evaluating Talent (01:02:12) Creating a High‑Performance Culture Through Belief and Feedback (01:04:18) How Mario’s Leadership Style (and Feedback) Has Evolved  (01:07:33) People, Capital, and Time: The Three Levers of Value Creation ------ Newsletter: The Brain Food newsletter delivers actionable insights and thoughtful ideas every Sunday. It takes 5 minutes to read, and it’s completely free. Learn more and sign up at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠fs.blog/newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://fs.blog/newsletter/] ------ Follow Shane Parrish: X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/shaneparrish⁠ [https://x.com/shaneparrish] Insta: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/farnamstreet/⁠ [https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/0952fb44-cf49-11ef-b8d1-b3d0eb63a3e5/podcasts/9c0d00ea-df1d-11ef-9477-2b8336fcd8e9/episodes/14f2f220-0089-11f1-bf31-33a5591c2bb0] LinkedIn: ⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/⁠ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/] Follow Mario Harik: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marioharik/ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/marioharik/] XPO: https://investors.xpo.com/board-member/mario-harik/ [https://investors.xpo.com/board-member/mario-harik/] ------ Thank you to the sponsors for this episode: +Granola AI, The AI notepad for people in back-to-back meetings: https://www.granola.ai/shane [https://www.granola.ai/shane] Check out the Granola Notes. [https://notes.granola.ai/t/87940e66-e34b-400c-beec-7169bf62f9ed-009c2hma] +CoinShares: Delivering Reason to Digital Asset Investing. https://coinshares.com/ [https://coinshares.com/] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices [https://megaphone.fm/adchoices]

How AI at Alpha School Makes Kids Learn 10x Faster (with Joe Liemandt)

Joe Liemandt quietly built one of the most successful software empires you’ve never heard of—then reappeared with a $1 billion bet that AI can make kids learn ten times faster and love school more than vacation. At Alpha School, students spend just two hours a day on AI‑driven academics, consistently score in the top 1% on standardized tests, and use the rest of their time to build real‑world life skills: leadership, entrepreneurship, teamwork, and projects they actually care about. There are no lectures, no moving on without mastery, and a very different role for “teachers”—now called guides. Liemandt is the principal of Alpha School and the founder of Trilogy Software and ESW Capital. He dropped out of Stanford to build Trilogy, made the cover of Forbes twice before turning thirty, became the youngest member of the Forbes 400, then vanished from public life for twenty‑five years while quietly becoming one of the most prolific acquirers of software businesses in the world. Now he’s using everything he learned about systems, incentives, and scale to rebuild K–12 from first principles around mastery, motivation, and AI. In this conversation, we cover Joe’s full arc, from sleeping on the floor at Trilogy and being mentored by Jack Welch to deciding that “kids must love school more than vacation” would be a non‑negotiable design principle for Alpha. He explains how the Timeback platform works under the hood, why he’s comfortable streaming student screens to AI in real time, and how he plans to scale this model to a billion kids. You’ll learn: why he thinks the traditional classroom was designed for a narrow slice of students and wastes everyone else’s time, what changes when kids master a year of material in roughly 20–22 hours, how guides coach motivation instead of delivering lectures, and the simple rules he uses to make high‑stakes decisions about people, product, and strategy. ------ Timestamps: (00:00) What’s Broken in Today’s Education System (07:01) What Makes Alpha School Different (11:01) Real Results: 2 Hours of AI, Top 1% Scores (16:55) Who Gets In (23:20) The Everyday Classroom Problems Alpha Is Fixing (26:40) Redefining Mastery: No Moving On Until You “Get It” (35:37) Can You Actually Change a System This Big? (39:19) Teaching Through AI (44:27) Solving the Motivation Problem: Why Kids Love Alpha (57:01) What Makes a Great Guide Instead of a Traditional Teacher (01:01:04) Coaching Kids to Own Their Work (and Their Time) (01:05:17) Teaching Life Skills: Leadership, Teams, and Real Projects (01:08:18) “You Can Do Hard Things”: Building Grit in the Classroom (01:13:25) Streaming Student Screens to AI: How Monitoring Works (01:21:08) Effort vs. IQ: What Actually Predicts Success at Alpha (01:23:36) Rethinking Physics for High Schoolers with AI (01:24:40) After Alpha: What Happens to Graduates? (01:37:08) Why You Should Invest in Yourself (01:38:21) Lessons from Jack Welch: Mentorship and Management (01:45:49) Why Trilogy Didn’t Go Public (01:51:40) Physical vs Virtual School: What Kids Actually Need More (02:03:18) Paying Kids to Learn: Incentives, Rewards, and Risks (02:11:01) What Is Success For You? ------ Newsletter: The Brain Food newsletter delivers actionable insights and thoughtful ideas every Sunday. It takes 5 minutes to read, and it’s completely free. Learn more and sign up at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠fs.blog/newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://fs.blog/newsletter/] ------ Follow Shane Parrish: X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/shaneparrish⁠ [https://x.com/shaneparrish] Insta: https://www.instagram.com/farnamstreet/ [https://www.instagram.com/farnamstreet/] LinkedIn: ⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/⁠ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/] Follow Joe Liemandt: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/liemandt/ Tools to help your kids: Math up to grade 7: https://www.synthesis.com/tutor High School Physics: https://physicsgraph.com Math Grade 8-12: https://www.mathacademy.com ------ Thank you to the sponsors for this episode: +Granola AI, The AI notepad for people in back-to-back meetings: https://www.granola.ai/shane [https://www.granola.ai/shane] Check out the Granola Notes [https://notes.granola.ai/t/bab06a09-d808-41ad-8e20-e9a88444f636-009c2hma]. +Shopify: https://shopify.com/knowledgeproject Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices [https://megaphone.fm/adchoices]

[Outliers] Harrison McCain: Single-Minded Purpose

Harrison McCain learned salesmanship by talking his way into a pharmaceutical job at 22, then spent five formative years under K.C. Irving, absorbing lessons in vertical integration, relentless deal-capture, and "management by suggestion." He quit with no plan, two newborn kids, and no income. His brother Bob noticed that New Brunswick potato farmers were shipping raw potatoes to Maine for processing into frozen fries, then buying the finished product back. The McCains pooled $100,000 in family money, assembled capital from five different sources without giving up equity, and built a plant on a cow pasture in Florenceville. The company's core strategy was to avoid competition entirely: enter markets where frozen fries didn't exist, prove the market by exporting first, hire locals, and only build a factory after the numbers justified it. The U.S. was the one market that scared Harrison, and he patiently waited 16 years before a $500 million acquisition of Ore-Ida's foodservice division finally cracked it. Along the way, Harrison nearly destroyed his most important customer relationship with McDonald's by telling their buyer he didn't need to tour his plant, a mistake that took years to repair. By the time he died in 2004, McCain Foods operated 57 factories across six continents, sold in 160 countries, and processed a million pounds of potato products every hour. ----- Timestamps: (00:00) Introduction (01:03) The Offer (04:35) Learning From the Best (12:30) Time to Build (19:45) Going Global (27:57) The McDonald’s Mistake (31:17) The Operating Principles (33:24) Florenceville: I Like it Here (36:10) Characteristics of an Entrepreneur ----- Upgrade: Get a hand edited transcripts and ad free experiences along with my thoughts and reflections at the end of every conversation. Learn more @ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠fs.blog/membership [https://fs.blog/membership/] ------ Newsletter: The Brain Food newsletter delivers actionable insights and thoughtful ideas every Sunday. It takes 5 minutes to read, and it’s completely free. Learn more and sign up at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠fs.blog/newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://fs.blog/newsletter/] ------ Follow Shane Parrish: X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/shaneparrish⁠ [https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/0952fb44-cf49-11ef-b8d1-b3d0eb63a3e5/podcasts/9c0d00ea-df1d-11ef-9477-2b8336fcd8e9/episodes/%E2%81%A0%E2%81%A0%E2%81%A0%E2%81%A0%E2%81%A0https://x.com/shaneparrish] Insta: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/farnamstreet/⁠ [https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/0952fb44-cf49-11ef-b8d1-b3d0eb63a3e5/podcasts/9c0d00ea-df1d-11ef-9477-2b8336fcd8e9/episodes/d0322c9e-fafe-11f0-9d3a-33cd8954a249] LinkedIn: ⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/⁠ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices [https://megaphone.fm/adchoices]

Brookfield CEO: AI Bubble, Opportunities, and Risk | Connor Teskey

Connor Teskey is the CEO of Brookfield Asset Management, one of the world’s largest investors, managing about a trillion dollars across infrastructure, power, real estate, private equity, and credit.  In this exclusive interview, his first as CEO, we explore his approach to capital allocation, isolating variables, and building a business designed for long-term growth. Discover why effective investing begins with minimizing losses, how waiting for perfect information can result in missed opportunities, the strategies Brookfield uses to manage market risk while maintaining upside potential, and the key insights he gained working alongside Bruce Flatt. This discussion goes beyond investment strategies, offering a glimpse into Connor's perspective on decision-making in an uncertain environment, mentorship, culture, positioning, and talent. It's a rare inside look at the operations of one of the world's most tight-lipped firms. Enjoy!  ----- Timestamps: (00:00) Introduction (00:05) State of the Union for Brookfield (04:14) Nature of Investing (07:24) The Rise to Brookfield (12:06) Your Work Ethic is in Your Control (17:30) Ad Break (19:00) Data Center Deep Dive (22:22) How Does a Deal Come to Be? (29:34) Taking Bets Against Consensus (32:00) What Happens Post Business Acquisition? (40:44) Ad Break (41:55) Lived Experience Through Crashes (43:44) Where Does Talent Matter the Most at Brookfield? (47:10) Identifying Talent (58:18) Using AI to Increase Value Not Cut People (01:01:58) When Was Brookfield the Underdog? (01:03:38) Personal Ambition Over the Next 20 Years (01:10:34) Behind The Scenes of Oaktree (01:15:17) Work and Life Harmony (01:17:54) Time Allocation (01:19:58) The Most Fun Deal to Work On ------ Newsletter: The Brain Food newsletter delivers actionable insights and thoughtful ideas every Sunday. It takes 5 minutes to read, and it’s completely free. Learn more and sign up at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠fs.blog/newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://fs.blog/newsletter/] ------ Follow Shane Parrish: X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/shaneparrish⁠ [https://x.com/shaneparrish] Insta: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/farnamstreet/⁠ [https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/0952fb44-cf49-11ef-b8d1-b3d0eb63a3e5/podcasts/9c0d00ea-df1d-11ef-9477-2b8336fcd8e9/episodes/14f2f220-0089-11f1-bf31-33a5591c2bb0] LinkedIn: ⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/⁠ [https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/] Follow Connor Teskey: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/connor-teskey-67931326b/?originalSubdomain=uk [https://www.linkedin.com/in/connor-teskey-67931326b/?originalSubdomain=uk] ------ Thank you to the sponsors for this episode: +Granola AI, The AI notepad for people in back-to-back meetings: https://www.granola.ai/shane [https://www.granola.ai/shane] Check out the Granola Notes: https://notes.granola.ai/t/b0c2c94e-a330-4f0f-a62d-beb3c946a539-009c2hma [https://notes.granola.ai/t/b0c2c94e-a330-4f0f-a62d-beb3c946a539-009c2hma] +Download The League App today and find your perfect match! https://click.theleague.com/qmhm/0vdzsmj5 [https://click.theleague.com/qmhm/0vdzsmj5] +Shopify: https://shopify.com/knowledgeproject [https://shopify.com/knowledgeproject] ----- * Note: ‍Shane and guests may hold positions in assets discussed in this episode. This podcast is not investment advice, and is intended for informational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing in this conversation should be considered investment advice, financial guidance, or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Always do your own due diligence or consult with a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices [https://megaphone.fm/adchoices]