S4 E35 Why We Believe Things That Aren't True - Part 1

S4 E36 Appeal to Authority: Why Smart People Make Bad Decisions

In this episode of Turfgrass Epistemology, we examine Stanley Milgram's classic paper, Behavioral Study of Obedience (1963), and explore how authority influences our beliefs and decisions. Why do turf managers, consultants, and consumers often accept claims because a professor, university, or industry expert said them? Learn how the logical fallacy of Appeal to Authority can lead us to substitute credentials for evidence—and why scientific claims should be evaluated by data, not status. Paper Discussed: Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral Study of Obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371–378. #AppealToAuthority #StanleyMilgram #CriticalThinking #LogicalFallacies #TurfgrassEpistemology #Science #EvidenceBasedManagement #GolfCourseManagement #Agronomy #Skepticism 📌 https://www.gofundme.com/f/TurfgrassEpistemology Thank you for being part of this community and for supporting evidence-based turfgrass science. Join Turfgrass Epistemology to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-UZnHkJhAmARDZ4YoHnc_A/join Voicemail: 859-444-4234 Apple Podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/turfgrass-epistemology/id1717271379 Spotify Podcast https://open.spotify.com/show/1cTpdrChToeEFAOX9wkXFI iHeart Radio Podcast https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1323-turfgrass-epistemology-129043524/ Podbean https://turfgrassepistemology.podbean.com/ Online consulting Calendly.com/TravisShaddox Twitter Twitter.com/TravisShaddox Email TravisShaddox@gmail.com Turfgrass Programs and Extension Service Information: https://www.usna.usda.gov/assets/images/as_pdf_image/LandGrantColleges.pdf Diagnostic Criteria for Turfgrass Bullshit Disorder:https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y_GeVPQ237pzm0ImTP4eVij6I9D0PHPn/view

S4 E35 Why We Believe Things That Aren't True - Part 1

In this episode of Turfgrass Epistemology, we examine one of the most influential scientific papers ever published: Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman (1974). This landmark article introduced the concepts of representativeness, availability heuristics, and anchoring—mental shortcuts that help us make decisions but can also lead to systematic errors in judgment. These cognitive biases help explain why anecdotes, testimonials, and memorable success stories often outweigh scientific evidence in turfgrass management, agriculture, business, and everyday life. Why do people conclude that a fertilizer, biostimulant, wetting agent, or soil amendment works after a single positive experience? Why do traditional practices persist even when research fails to support them? Tversky and Kahneman provide the psychological foundation for understanding these questions. Whether you're a golf course superintendent, sports turf manager, lawn care professional, agronomist, researcher, or simply interested in critical thinking, this paper remains essential reading more than 50 years after its publication. Paper Discussed: Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131. #TurfgrassEpistemology #CriticalThinking #Science #CognitiveBias #DanielKahneman #AmosTversky #Heuristics #AvailabilityHeuristic #ConfirmationBias #Turfgrass #Agronomy #EvidenceBasedManagement  Become a member of Turfgrass Epistemology and support turfgrass research: www.youtube.com/@TurfgrassEpistemology/join Voicemail: 859-444-4234 Apple Podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/turfgrass-epistemology/id1717271379 Spotify Podcast https://open.spotify.com/show/1cTpdrChToeEFAOX9wkXFI iHeart Radio Podcast https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1323-turfgrass-epistemology-129043524/ Podbean https://turfgrassepistemology.podbean.com/ Online consulting Calendly.com/TravisShaddox Twitter Twitter.com/TravisShaddox Email TravisShaddox@gmail.com Turfgrass Programs and Extension Service Information: https://www.usna.usda.gov/assets/images/as_pdf_image/LandGrantColleges.pdf

S4 E34 Why Smart People Keep Making This Mistake

Why do smart people search for evidence that confirms their beliefs instead of trying to prove themselves wrong? In this video, we explore Peter Wason's famous 2-4-6 experiment and the origins of confirmation bias. Paper: On the Failure to Eliminate Hypotheses in a Conceptual Task (1960) Author: P. C. Wason #ConfirmationBias #CriticalThinking #Psychology #DecisionMaking #ScientificThinking #Wason246 #BehavioralScience  📌 https://www.gofundme.com/f/TurfgrassEpistemology Thank you for being part of this community and for supporting evidence-based turfgrass science. Join Turfgrass Epistemology to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-UZnHkJhAmARDZ4YoHnc_A/join Voicemail: 859-444-4234 Apple Podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/turfgrass-epistemology/id1717271379 Spotify Podcast https://open.spotify.com/show/1cTpdrChToeEFAOX9wkXFI iHeart Radio Podcast https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1323-turfgrass-epistemology-129043524/ Podbean https://turfgrassepistemology.podbean.com/ Online consulting Calendly.com/TravisShaddox Twitter Twitter.com/TravisShaddox Email TravisShaddox@gmail.com Turfgrass Programs and Extension Service Information: https://www.usna.usda.gov/assets/images/as_pdf_image/LandGrantColleges.pdf Diagnostic Criteria for Turfgrass Bullshit Disorder:https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y_GeVPQ237pzm0ImTP4eVij6I9D0PHPn/view

S4 E33 What Astrology, Personality Tests, and Soil Tests Have in Common

Why do generic soil reports feel surprisingly accurate? In this video, we explore the Forer Effect and discuss how vague, universally true statements can create the illusion of personalized insight—whether in personality tests, astrology, or soil analysis. Paper: The Fallacy of Personal Validation: A Classroom Demonstration of Gullibility (1949) Author: Bertram R. Forer #ForerEffect #BarnumEffect #Psychology #CriticalThinking #SoilScience #Turfgrass #ScienceCommunication Become a member of Turfgrass Epistemology and support turfgrass research: www.youtube.com/@TurfgrassEpistemology/join Voicemail: 859-444-4234 Apple Podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/turfgrass-epistemology/id1717271379 Spotify Podcast https://open.spotify.com/show/1cTpdrChToeEFAOX9wkXFI iHeart Radio Podcast https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1323-turfgrass-epistemology-129043524/ Podbean https://turfgrassepistemology.podbean.com/ Online consulting Calendly.com/TravisShaddox Twitter Twitter.com/TravisShaddox Email TravisShaddox@gmail.com Turfgrass Programs and Extension Service Information: https://www.usna.usda.gov/assets/images/as_pdf_image/LandGrantColleges.pdf

S4 E32 Bandwagon Appeal and Social Pressure

Why do people conform to group pressure even when they know the group is wrong? In this video, we explore Solomon Asch's landmark conformity study, Opinions and Social Pressure (1955), and reveal what his famous experiments teach us about social influence, peer pressure, independent thinking, and human psychology. Paper: Opinions and Social Pressure (1955) Author: Solomon E. Asch #Psychology #Conformity #AschExperiment #SocialPsychology #PeerPressure #BehavioralScience 📌 https://www.gofundme.com/f/TurfgrassEpistemology Thank you for being part of this community and for supporting evidence-based turfgrass science. Join Turfgrass Epistemology to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-UZnHkJhAmARDZ4YoHnc_A/join Voicemail: 859-444-4234 Apple Podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/turfgrass-epistemology/id1717271379 Spotify Podcast https://open.spotify.com/show/1cTpdrChToeEFAOX9wkXFI iHeart Radio Podcast https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1323-turfgrass-epistemology-129043524/ Podbean https://turfgrassepistemology.podbean.com/ Online consulting Calendly.com/TravisShaddox Twitter Twitter.com/TravisShaddox Email TravisShaddox@gmail.com Turfgrass Programs and Extension Service Information: https://www.usna.usda.gov/assets/images/as_pdf_image/LandGrantColleges.pdf Diagnostic Criteria for Turfgrass Bullshit Disorder:https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y_GeVPQ237pzm0ImTP4eVij6I9D0PHPn/view