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第2979期:Malaysia launches a weight loss campaign

At this fitness clinic, a small group of Malaysians try to shed some excess weight. 在这个健身诊所， 一小群马来西亚人试图减肥。 Sarah Baharudin is 35 years old, 165 centimeters tall, and weighs 110 kilos. 莎拉·巴哈鲁丁35岁了，身高165厘米，体重110公斤。 I eat traditional Malay food, and it's high in fat and calorie. And then on top of that, I did not go for any you know active. I was not active. 我吃传统的马来食物，它的脂肪和热量很高。除此之外，我没有进行任何锻炼。我不爱运动。 I was not living an active lifestyle. I did not exercise. So you know, years after years of doing that and becomes obesity. 我不锻炼。年复一年这样做就导致了肥胖。 Her story is all too common across Malaysia. About half of the country's adults are overweight or obese. 她的故事在马来西亚非常普遍。约一半的马来西亚成年人超重或肥胖。 Dr. Noradhiah Tumirin, a physician and fitness trainer, says the country's obesity crisis is a key reason why the number of non-communicable diseases is growing. 医生兼健身教练诺拉迪娅·图米林博士表示，该国的肥胖危机是非传染性疾病数量增加的关键原因。 This obesity will lead to multiple illnesses such as hypertension, high cholesterol, heart illnesses, and diabetes. 肥胖会导致多种疾病，如高血压、高胆固醇、心脏病和糖尿病。 Kevin Zahri is one of Malaysia's leading fitness influencers. He founded a local weight loss movement called Jom Kurus, which translates to let's get thin or let's lose weight. 凯文·扎赫里是马来西亚顶尖的健身网红之一。他发起了一项名为“Jom Kurus”的当地减肥活动，翻译过来就是“让我们变瘦”或“让我们减肥”。 To help somebody not feel alone and jump on the bandwagon with a group of people who are of similar physical stature and of similar physical objectives, goals and desires. 帮助某人不感到孤独，并加入一群身材相似、身体目标、愿望和渴望相似的人的行列。 Every year thousands of Malaysians across the country join six-week-long Jom Kurus fitness camps. 每年，全国成千上万的马来西亚人参加为期六周的Jom Kurus健身营。 They meet several times a week for exercises and lessons on nutrition. Plus there are social media support groups. 他们每周碰面几次，一起锻炼并学习营养知识。此外，还有社交媒体互助小组。 Zahri says the average participant loses 4 to 5 kilos during the 6-week program, but the real goal is to get them to lead healthy lifestyles long after. 扎赫里说，参与者在为期6周的项目中平均减重4到5公斤，但真正的目标是让他们在项目结束后长期保持健康的生活方式。 We are hoping that the 6-week program can become the kick-start in the longevity of their journey.  我们希望这个为期六周的项目能成为他们漫长旅程的开端。 That's what Sarah Baharudin is pushing for by getting on a regular exercise routine and improving her diet. I have decided to change my lifestyle into a healthier one. 这就是莎拉·巴哈鲁丁通过坚持规律锻炼和改善饮食所追求的目标。我决定将自己的生活方式转变为更健康的方式。 But while Jom Kurus and other fitness programs are helping Malaysians change their lifestyles, it's clear they're just scratching the surface of this nation's obesity crisis. 但尽管Jom Kurus等健身计划正在帮助马来西亚人改变生活方式，显然这些举措只是触及了该国肥胖危机的表面问题。 All said and done, the amount of people that we've targeted in comparison to the number of the population which are obese is still very very small. 总而言之，与肥胖人群的数量相比，我们锁定的目标人群数量仍然非常非常少。 Baharudin acknowledges changing lifelong habits is not easy, but says she's determined to make this the beginning of a new way of living. 巴哈鲁丁承认改变一生的习惯并不容易，但她说她决心让这成为一种新生活方式的开端。

第2978期:Entrepreneurs Gather in Silicon Valley to Discuss Investment in Africa

At the Computer History Museum in the heart of Silicon Valley, people gathered recently at the African Diaspora Investment Symposium to talk about the future of Africa business. 在硅谷中心的计算机历史博物馆，人们最近齐聚非洲侨民投资研讨会，探讨非洲商业的未来。 In the past, many Africans and especially people like me from the diaspora were not invited to the table to really discuss on issues that mattered for the continent. 过去，许多非洲人，尤其是像我这样旅居海外的非洲人，没有被邀请参与真正讨论对非洲大陆至关重要的问题。 So we said, well, what if we can just bring everyone together so we can have that discussion at the same table? 我们就想，如果我们能把所有人聚到一起，让大家围坐一桌进行讨论，会怎么样呢？ Remittances, money set by people living in the U.S. to family in Africa, has long been a key way to support the continent, speaker said. 发言人表示，汇款，即居住在美国的人寄给非洲家人的钱，长期以来一直是支持非洲大陆的关键方式。 But Negash and others said there are other uses of diaspora funds. 但内加什和其他人表示，侨民资金还有其他用途。 How do we scale remittances, so that it can also be invested in other people than our family, supporting startups? 我们如何扩大汇款规模，以便除了资助自己的家人之外，还能将其投资于其他人，支持初创企业呢？ While many investors and businesses want to come to Africa, it can be a challenge to navigate, which is why African nations have been working on the African continent of free trade area, said Joseph Mucheru, Google's first Sub-Saharan African lead and our minister in the Kenya government. 谷歌首位撒哈拉以南非洲地区负责人、肯尼亚政府部长约瑟夫·穆切鲁表示，虽然许多投资者和企业希望来到非洲，但在这里开展业务可能是一项挑战，这就是为什么非洲国家一直在推进非洲大陆自由贸易区建设。 How do they with the different regulations, different countries be able to get into the continent? So we are providing the platform that they can now use. 他们如何应对不同的规定，不同国家的人怎样才能进入这个大陆呢？所以我们正在提供他们现在可以使用的平台。 They come, and as part of the continental free-trade area, they are able to then go to many of the other different markets. 他们来了后，作为非洲大陆自由贸易区的一部分，他们随后能够进入许多其他不同的市场。 For the roughly 50 African entrepreneurs attending the event, this was an opportunity to pitch their businesses. 对于参加活动的约50名非洲企业家来说，这是一个推介他们企业的机会。 Aboubacar Komara, an architect from Guinea, is working on a housing startup. 来自几内亚的建筑师Aboubacar Komara正在为一家住房初创公司工作。 We're implicating people in the process of actually building their homes, you know. 我们实际上是在让人们参与建造自己家园的过程中。 We want to change the concept of what is architecture because architecture has a lot to do with your identity. 我们想改变建筑的概念，因为建筑与你的身份认同有很大关系。 Neile Nkholise is the chief executive of a sports technology company in South Africa. Neile Nkholise是南非一家体育科技公司的首席执行官。 We have a smart wearable that are sewn into the garments around the joint ankles of the athletes' garments. 我们有一款智能可穿戴设备，被缝制在运动员服装的脚踝关节周围。 Barbara Birungi Mutabazi runs Uganda Women In Technology, which trains female students and young women for technology jobs like coding. 芭芭拉·比伦吉·穆塔巴齐运营着乌干达女性科技组织，该组织为女学生和年轻女性提供编程等科技类工作的培训。 Yeah, I made some really good connections especially in terms of funding, fundraising. And I'm proud to be a second generation family business leader. 我建立了一些非常好的人脉关系，尤其是在资金筹集方面。我很自豪能成为家族企业的第二代领导者。 For many of the attendees, the event was a welcome chance to talk about Africa's successes. 对许多与会者来说，这次活动是一个谈论非洲成就的好机会。 Thelma Ekiyor runs a Nigeria-based business accelerator and an investment fund for women-run businesses. 塞尔玛·埃基约尔经营着一家总部位于尼日利亚的商业加速器，以及一个面向女性经营企业的投资基金。 "I think one of the problems that Africans had for years is we tend not to talk about the progress and the developments that are happening on the continent, 我认为非洲人多年来面临的一个问题是，我们往往不去谈论这片大陆上正在发生的进步和发展。 So it's been a pleasure to come here and share with people that live here in the valley about the work that we're doing. 很高兴能来到这里，和在硅谷生活的人们分享我们正在做的工作。 The connections made at this event can be long lasting as people look for ways to be part of the burgeoning African business sector.  由于人们在寻找融入蓬勃发展的非洲商业领域的途径，在此次活动中建立的人脉关系可能会持续很久。

第2977期:Tens of millions of African children driven into child labor

Grueling work for little pay, that's the daily reality for millions of children across Africa. 做着辛苦的工作，报酬却十分微薄，这就是非洲数百万儿童的日常写照。 The International Labour Organization estimates about 73 million children in Africa are sent out to work because of widespread poverty, insufficient access to education and conflict, some as young as five years old. 国际劳工组织估计，非洲约有7300万儿童因普遍贫困、教育机会不足和冲突而被送去工作，有些年仅五岁。 What we're talking about is work that puts their future in jeopardy whether because their health is on the line. 我们谈论的是危及他们未来的工作，无论是由于他们的健康受到威胁。 They're working in mines, for example, where the imminent danger of a mine collapse or death. 例如，他们在矿井里工作，那里随时可能发生矿井坍塌甚至有生命危险。 Murtada Al-Haj left school in Sudan when he was 12. For him, it was a choice between study or feeding his family. 穆尔塔达·哈吉12岁时就离开了苏丹的学校。对他来说，这是在学习和养活家人之间做出的选择。 My mother kept telling me in the future and when our life gets better and not get worse, I'll study and become a doctor. But all of a sudden, the whole situation occurred in Sudan. 我妈妈一直告诉我，将来等我们的生活变好而不是更糟时，我会去学习并成为一名医生。但突然间，苏丹的整个局势发生了变化。 According to the ILO, 85 percent of Africa's child labourers work in agriculture. 根据国际劳工组织的数据，非洲85%的童工从事农业劳动。 Across all sectors, many are subject to backbreaking labor, long hours and exposure to dangerous environments. Rights advocates say injuries are not the only problem. 在所有行业中，许多人都要承受繁重的劳动、长时间工作，还要暴露在危险的环境中。权益倡导者表示，受伤并非唯一的问题。 There are other negative aspects because the children's self-esteem is low. Because all the time he faces insults, he has a low self-esteem. 还有其他负面影响，因为孩子的自尊心很低。因为他一直面对侮辱，所以自尊心很低。 Because all the time the factory's owner insults him, makes him feel that he is less than anyone. So you are already bringing up a generation that has no self confidence. 因为工厂老板一直在侮辱他，让他觉得自己不如任何人。所以你正在培养一代没有自信的人。 Experts say putting kids to work is no solution to extreme poverty. 专家说，让孩子们工作并不能解决极端贫困问题。 They don't have the opportunity to get an education and learn those skills that would enable them to get a decent job and become productive workers when they're older. 他们没有机会接受教育，学习那些技能，这些技能能让他们在长大后找到一份体面的工作，成为有生产力的工人。 Several African governments including Ivory Coast, Mali, Rwanda and Nigeria have taken steps to address the worst form of child labor, but it's not enough. 包括科特迪瓦、马里、卢旺达和尼日利亚在内的多个非洲国家政府已采取措施解决性质最为恶劣的童工问题，但这还不够。 Poverty, illiteracy and cultural belief, religious prejudices, these are some of the reasons that I was actually affected, you know, the efficacy. 贫穷、文盲、文化观念和宗教偏见，这些问题我都曾经遭受过，我可以感同身受。 Major U.S. companies including Apple, Google, Hershey's and Nestle USA have come under fire for allegedly failing to combat child labor in their supply chains. 包括苹果、谷歌、好时和雀巢在内的美国主要公司因被指控未能解决供应链中的童工问题而受到抨击。 The companies say they're committed to responsible sourcing that prohibits the use of child labor. 这些公司表示，他们致力于负责任的采购，杜绝聘用童工。 The UN's goal is to end child labour by 2025, an ambitious goal for our continent with the highest rates of child labor in the world.  联合国的目标是到2025年消除童工现象，这对我们这个拥有全球最高童工率的洲来说，这是一个雄心勃勃的目标。

第2976期:Is fibre the new fad?

Since its discovery, food businesses have encouraged high-protein diets, according to research by the University of Oregon. Whether it's bars, shakes or even marshmallows, protein has always prevailed in conversations about health and fitness. Some people think that these kinds of diets are a fad because high-protein products appear on supermarket shelves often. However, these diets have slightly stagnated within the realm of wellness. 根据俄勒冈大学的研究，自发现以来，食品企业一直鼓励高蛋白饮食。 无论是能量棒、奶昔甚至棉花糖，蛋白质在有关健康和健身的话题中始终占据主导地位。 有些人认为这种饮食是一种时尚，因为高蛋白产品经常出现在超市货架上。 然而，这些饮食在健康领域略有停滞。 And that's because there's now another food group gaining popularity – fibre. Found in foods like fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes, our enzymes can't break down fibre into nutrients to absorb like it would with other food groups. Instead, it passes through the digestive system, which helps regulate bowel movements. Multiple studies have shown that certain types of fibre can lower cholesterol, help manage blood sugar levels and improve general gut health. It can also help you feel fuller for longer as it takes more time to digest. 那是因为现在另一种食物越来越受欢迎——纤维。 我们的酶存在于水果、蔬菜、谷物、坚果、种子和豆类等食物中，但它不能像其他食物组那样将纤维分解成营养物质以供吸收。 相反，它通过消化系统，有助于调节排便。 多项研究表明，某些类型的纤维可以降低胆固醇，帮助控制血糖水平并改善整体肠道健康。 它还可以帮助您更长时间地感到饱腹感，因为消化需要更多时间。 The World Health Organisation recommends that adults consume 25-35g of fibre a day. However, research by Tate & Lyle between the years of 2021 and 2022 shows that adults in many countries aren't even close to that benchmark. The National Institute of Health tells us that the fibre intake in women is less than men. Additionally, data from the World Health Organisation shows a trend that those living outside of cities, like villages and in the countryside, have lower fibre consumption in comparison to those who live in cities. 世界卫生组织建议成年人每天摄入 25-35 克纤维。 然而，泰莱尔 (Tate & Lyle) 在 2021 年至 2022 年期间的研究表明，许多国家的成年人甚至没有接近该基准。 美国国立卫生研究院告诉我们，女性的纤维摄入量少于男性。 此外，世界卫生组织的数据显示，与居住在城市的人相比，居住在城市以外的人（例如村庄和农村）的纤维消耗量较低。 Studies have found that not eating enough fibre can have detrimental consequences on your health. Without it, your gut bacteria can't fight excess inflammation, provide energy, or manage your blood sugar levels or your mood. Physically, you're more likely to be constipated and to feel sluggish and tired.  研究发现，摄入纤维不足会对您的健康产生不利影响。 没有它，您的肠道细菌就无法对抗过度炎症、提供能量或控制血糖水平或情绪。 从身体上来说，您更有可能出现便秘、感觉迟钝和疲倦。  So, what can you do? Well, dieticians say that you should eat five to eight portions of fruit and vegetables a day. Try throwing in a handful of cooked lentils or chickpeas into curries, soups or salads. You can also eat seeds, nuts and dried fruit as your snack between meals. It might feel fashionable to talk about fibre at the moment, but science suggests that we need it to be healthy. So, be careful to follow dieticians' advice and try to eat your fruits and veggies! 那么，你能做什么？ 营养师说，你每天应该吃五到八份水果和蔬菜。 尝试将一把煮熟的扁豆或鹰嘴豆放入咖喱、汤或沙拉中。 您还可以在两餐之间吃种子、坚果和干果作为零食。 目前谈论纤维可能很时尚，但科学表明我们需要它才能保持健康。 所以，一定要听从营养师的建议，多吃水果和蔬菜！

第2975期:Brown spots reveal Antarctic penguin problem

In order to survive the cold, emperor penguins must remain on platforms of sea ice for long enough every year to replace weather-beaten feathers with new waterproof coats. Little was known about what is called catastrophic moulting until researchers at the British Antarctic Survey looked at satellite pictures of the frozen continent and spotted brown smudges. They realised they were mounds of feathers. But global warming is now rapidly changing Antarctica.  为了在严寒中生存，帝企鹅每年必须在海冰平台上停留足够长的时间，以将历经风雨的羽毛换成一套全新的防水 “大衣”。此前，人们对帝企鹅这种被称为 “灾难性换羽” 的过程知之甚少，直到英国南极调查局的研究人员看了这片冰封大陆的卫星照片时，发现了一些棕色的斑块。他们意识到这些斑点其实是堆积如山的羽毛。不过，全球变暖正在迅速改变着南极洲。 Satellite images show that after summer sea ice shrank dramatically in 2022 and 23, there were fewer smudges, suggesting many penguins had died in West Antarctica. There is hope that some move to safer ice, but it is another sign of how climate change is endangering some of the world's most vulnerable animals. 卫星图像显示，自夏季海冰于 2022 年和 2023 年大规模缩小之后，棕色斑块的数量有所减少，这表明西南极洲的许多企鹅可能已经死亡。虽然人们仍希望部分企鹅能迁移到更安全的冰面上，但这一迹象再次表明，气候变化正危及世界上一些最脆弱的动物的生存。