Episode 85: Is That a Baguette in Your Pocket or Are You Just a Happy Francophile?

Episode 87 -- Tall, Dark, and Handsome (with a Little More Hair on Top)

The Two Humans take a good, hard look in the mirror and decide they need cosmetic surgery.  Episode 87 -- Tall, Dark, and Handsome (with a Little More Hair on Top) An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com [http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com] Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542] IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans [https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans] Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans [https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans] Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501 [http://www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501]   Resources: Akter, Farhana and Greg Williams 2016 The Evolution of Hair Transplant Surgery. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 431-446.   Arnett, George 2014 Germany: the world's capital of penis enlargement. The Guardian, July 31, 2014, www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/jul/31/germany-the-worlds-capital-of-penis-enlargment-country.   Blair, Lorrie and Maya Shalmon 2005 Cosmetic Surgery and the Cultural Construction of Beauty. Art Education, May 2005, Vol. 58, No. 3 (May, 2005), pp. 14-18.   Britannica Editors 2026 Body Modifications and Mutilations. Britannica.com, www.britannica.com/ science/body-modifications-and-mutilations, (accessed June 11, 2026).   Bukumal, Zain and Ash Mosahebi 2016 Body Contouring. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 409-430.   Chen, Yuan, Yinuo Jiang, Xiao Li, Bin Wang, et al. 2025 Penile enhancement: A comprehensive and current perspective. Current Urology, March 28, 2025, 19(3), pp. 145–156.   Cleveland Clinic 2023 Foreskin Restoration. The Cleveland Clinic (website), July 18, 2023, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/25139-foreskin-restoration. Deslandes, Paul R. 2021 The Culture of Male Beauty in Britain. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.   Drury, Colin 2018 ‘I wanted a truncheon in my pants’: the rise of the penis extension. The Guardian, September 22, 2018, www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/ sep/22/penis-extension-wanted-truncheon-in-pants-rise.   Duguid, Michelle M. and Jack A. Goncalo 2012 Living Large: The Powerful Overestimate Their Own Height. Psychological Science, January 2012, Vol. 23, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 36-40.   Gangestad, Steven W. and Glenn J. Scheyd 2005 The Evolution of Human Physical Attractiveness. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2005, Vol. 34 (2005), pp. 523-548.   Gilman, Sander L. 1999 Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.    Honigman, Roberta J., Katharine A. Phillips, and David J. Castle 2004 A Review of Psychological Outcomes for Patients Seeking Cosmetic Surgery. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, April 1, 2004, 113(4), pp. 1229-1237.   Kanapathy, Muholan and Niall Kirkpatrick 2016 Facial Aesthetic Surgery. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 346-373. Korhonen, Anu 2010 Strange Things Out of Hair: Baldness and Masculinity in Early Modern England. The Sixteenth Century Journal, Summer 2010, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 371-391.   Kottak, Conrad Phillip 2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity (Fourteenth Edition), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Lee, Bruce Y. 2026 ‘Bone Smashing’ TikTok Trend, Here Are Dangers Of Hammering Your Face. Minded by Science, March 1, 2026, bruceylee.substack.com/p/bone-smashing-tiktok-trend-here-are. 2026 What Is Mogging? Psychology Today, March 5, 2026, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/a-funny-bone-to-pick/202603/what-is-mogging.   Leung, Billy Ching, Kimberly Lau, and Hugo Henderson 2016 Blepharoplasty – Special Focus on Asian Blepharoplasty. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 374-386.   Lincoln, Margarette 2024 Perfection: 400 Years of Women’s Quest for Beauty. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.   Mangweth, B., H.G. Pope, G. Kemmler, C. Einbichler, et al. 2001 Body Image and Psychopathology in Male Bodybuilders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Vol. 70, No. 1 (2001), pp. 38-43. Michaelson, Ruth 2025 ‘Being short is a curse’: the men paying thousands to get their legs broken – and lengthened. The Guardian, August 17, 2025, www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/2025/aug/17/being-short-is-a-curse-the-men-paying-thousands-to-get-their-legs-broken-and-lengthened.   Murugesan, Log, Julia Ruston, and Patrick Mallucci 2016 Aesthetic Breast Surgery. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 387-408   Pandolfi, Mariella 1999 Body. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, June 1999, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (June 1999), pp. 16-19.   Pappas, Dale 2026 Was Napoleon Short? Here’s the Truth About His Height. The Collector, April 4, 2026, www.thecollector.com/how-tall-was-napoleon/.   Perito Clinic 2026 The History of Penis Enlargement: From Prehistoric Times to Today. PeritoClinic.com (website), peritoclinic.com/the-history-of-penis-enlargement-from-prehistoric-times-to-today/ (accessed June 14, 2026).   Reischer, Erica and Kathryn S. Koo 2004 The Body Beautiful: Symbolism and Agency in the Social World. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2004, Vol. 33 (2004), pp. 297-317.   Rhode, Deborah L.  2009 The Injustice of Appearance. Stanford Law Review, Mar., 2009, Vol. 61, No. 5 (Mar., 2009), pp. 1033-1101.   Ricciardelli, Rosemary and Kimberley Clow 2009 Men, Appearance, and Cosmetic Surgery: The Role of Self-esteem and Comfort with the Body. The Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 34, No. 1 (2009), pp. 105-134.   Rothfeld, Becca 2026 The Captivating Derangement of the Looksmaxxing Movement. The New Yorker, March 7, 2026, www.newyorker.com/culture/critics-notebook/the-captivating-derangement-of-the-looksmaxxing-movement.   Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA) 2026 What Is the Average Penis Size?. Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA) (website), www.smsna.org/patients/did-you-know/what-is-the-average-penis-size (accessed June 14, 2026).    Snaith, Philip 1992 Body Image Disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1992, Vol. 58, No. 3/4 (1992), pp. 119-124.   Sokolow, Jayme A. 2017 Size Matters: A History of Height in America. Academica Press: Washington, DC.    Sosnick, Charlie 2026 What is Bonesmashing? Inside the Extreme Looksmaxxer Technique. GQ, February 24, 2026, www.gq.com/story/what-is-bonesmashing-looksmaxxing-technique.   Sullivan, Deborah A. 2001 Cosmetic Surgery: The Cutting Edge of Commercial Medicine in America.  Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ. Thornhill, Randy and Steven W. Gangestad 1999 Facial Attractiveness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 12, December 1999, pp. 452-460.   Tomkins, Isaaq 2026 You can’t control everything’: the rise in plastic surgeons asked to create ‘AI face.’ The Guardian, May 23, 2026, www.theguardian.com/technology/ 2026/ may/23/rise-in-plastic-surgeons-asked-to-create-ai-face-cosmetic-surgery.   Wang, Marina 2026 How 5 Ancient Cultures Literally Reshaped the Human Skull. History.com, March 6, 2026, www.history.com/articles/ancient-skull-cranial-modification.   Wegenstein, Bernadette 2012 The Cosmetic Gaze: Body Modification and the Construction of Beauty. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.     World Population Review 2026 Average Height by State 2026. World Population Review (website), worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/average-height-by-state, (accessed June 21, 2026).

Episode 86 – How Much Is That Degas in the Window? The One with the Spurious Tale.

The Two Humans are joined by comedian, actor, and art lover Chris Hogan as they discuss sticky fingers in art museums and why it’s so hard to recover stolen artworks. Episode 86 – How Much Is That Degas in the Window? The One with the Spurious Tale. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com [http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com] Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542] IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans [https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans] Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans [https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans] Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501 [http://www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501] Resources:   Aikman, Ian and Rachel Hagen 2025 Everything We Know about the Louvre Jewelry Heist. BBC, October 20, 2025, www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7nrlkg0zxo.   Alford, Kenneth D.  2000 Nazi Plunder: Great Treasure Stories of World War II. Da Capo Press, Cambridge, MA.   Artbusiness.com 2026 Art Provenance: What It Is and How to Verify It. Artbusiness.com (website), www.artbusiness.com/provwarn.html (accessed March 22, 2026).    Barelli, John and Zachary Schisgal 2019 Stealing the Show: A History of Art and Crime in Six Thefts. Lyons Press, Guilford, CT.   Borodkin, Lisa J.  1995 The Economics of Antiquities Looting and a Proposed Legal Alternative. Columbia Law Review, Mar., 1995, Vol. 95, No. 2 (Mar., 1995), pp. 377-417.    Brower II, Charles H.  2005 Republic of Austria v. Altmann. The American Journal of International Law, Jan., 2005, Vol. 99, No. 1 (Jan., 2005), pp. 236-242.   Charney, Noah 2018 The Museum of Lost Art. Phaedon Press Limited, London, UK. 2024 The Thefts of the Mona Lisa: The Complete Story of the World’s Most Famous Artwork. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD. Collins, Donald E. and Herbert P. Rothfeder 1983 The Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg and the Looting of Jewish and Masonic Libraries during World War II. The Journal of Library History (1974-1987), Winter, 1983, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter, 1983), pp. 21-36.   Davies, Caroline 2025 Two men jailed over theft of £4.75m gold toilet from Blenheim Palace. The Guardian, June 13, 2025, www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/jun/13/two-men-jailed-over-theft-of-gold-toilet-from-blenheim-palace.   DeMott, Deborah A. 2012 Artful Good Faith: An Essay on Law, Custom, and Intermediaries in Art Markets. Duke Law Journal, December 2012, Vol. 62, No. 3, Special Symposium Issue Custom and Law (December 2012), pp. 607-643.   Evans, Laura 2024 The Atlas of Art Crime: Thefts, Vandalism, and Forgeries. Prestel, Munich, Germany.   Evans, Richard J.  2011 Art in the Time of War. The National Interest, May/June 2011, No. 113 (May/June 2011), pp. 16-26.   Gaudenzi, Bianca and Astrid Swenson 2017 Looted Art and Restitution in the Twentieth Century—Towards a Global Perspective. Journal of Contemporary History, July 2017, Vol. 52, No. 3 (July 2017), pp. 491-518.    Gerstenblith, Patty 2008 Art, Cultural Heritage, and the Law (Second Edition). Carolina Academic Press, Durham, NC.    Gerstenblith, Patty and Lucille Roussin 2007 International Cultural Property. The International Lawyer, SUMMER 2007, Vol. 41, No. 2, International Legal Developments in Review: 2006 (SUMMER 2007), pp. 613-628.   Givens, Seth A. 2014 Liberating the Germans: The US Army and Looting in Germany during the Second World War. War in History, January 2014, Vol. 21, No. 1 (January 2014), pp. 33-54.    Hendricks, Ashley Domingo 2022 Our Obsession with Art Heists. JSTOR Daily, August 19, 2022, daily.jstor.org/our-obsession-with-art-heists/.   Henley, Jon 2025 Prosecutor has ‘small hope’ of recovering Louvre jewels thanks to gear left by thieves. The Guardian, October 24, 2025, www.theguardian.com/world/ 2025/oct/24/louvre-jewels-recovery-dna-fingerprints. 2025 Four More People Arrested in Connection with Louvre Heist. The Guardian, November 25, 2025, www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/25/more-people-arrested-louvre-heist.   Houpt, Simon 2006 Museum of the Missing: A History of Art Theft. Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., New York, NY.   Interpol 2025 Louvre Museum theft: Stolen jewels added to INTERPOL's Stolen Works of Art database. Interpol (website), October 21, 2025, www.interpol.int/en/ News-and-Events/News/2025/Louvre-Museum-theft-Stolen-jewels-added-to-INTERPOL-s-Stolen-Works-of-Art-database. 2026 Our Analysis Reports. Interpol (website), www.interpol.int/How-we-work/Criminal-intelligence-analysis/Our-analysis-reports, accessed May, 4, 2026.   Jenkins, Tiffany 2018 From Objects of Enlightenment to Objects of Apology: Why You Can’t Make Amends for the Past by Plundering the Present. Dethroning Historical Reputations: Universities, Museums, and the Commemoration of Benefactors (ed. Jill Pellew and Lawrence Goldman), University of London Press, London, UK.   Jones, Jonathan 2016 Dashing rogues? No, art thieves are boring goons. The Guardian, April 7, 2016, www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/ jonathanjonesblog /2016/ apr/07/art-theft-market-follows-the-money-edvard-munch-stolen-picture.   Kakar, Arun 2026 The global art market rebounded to $59.6 billion in 2025, Art Basel and UBS Report finds. Artsy, March 11, 2026, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-global-art-market-rebounded-596-billion-2025-art-basel-ubs-report-finds.   King, Thomas F.  2008 Cultural Resource Laws & Practice (Third Edition). Altamira Press, Lanham, MD.    Kuta, Sarah 2024 That Viral Banana Duct-Taped to a Wall? It Just Sold for $6.2 Million. Smithsonian Magazine, November 21, 2024, www.smithsonianmag.com/ smart-news/that-viral-banana-duct-taped-to-a-wall-it-just-sold-for-6-2-million-180985523/.   Leath, Mason 2025 Solid gold toilet named 'America' sells at auction for $12M. ABC News, November 19, 2025, abcnews.com/US/solid-gold-toilet-named-america-sells-auction-12m/story?id=127669474. Merryman, John Henry 1985 Thinking about the Elgin Marbles. Michigan Law Review, Vol. 83, No. 8 (Aug., 1985), pp. 1980-1923.   Miles, Margaret M. 2008 Art as Plunder: The Ancient Origins of Debate about Cultural Property. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.    National Gallery of Canada 2026 Provenance. National Gallery of Canada (website), www.gallery.ca/research/provenance (accessed March 22, 2026).   New York Times 1976 Picasso Theft Valued at $4.5 Million. The New York Times, February 2, 1976, https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/02/archives/picasso-theft-valued-at-45-million.html.   O’Connor, Anne-Marie 2012 The Lady in Gold: The Extraordinary Tale of Gustav Klimt’s Masterpiece Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer. Vintage Books, New York, NY.     Oltermann, Philip 2013 The mysterious Munich recluse who hoarded €1bn of Nazis' stolen art. The Guardian, November 4, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/ nov/04/ nazi-art-hoard-munich-recluse-cornelius-gurlitt.   Paumgarten, Nick 2006 The $40-Million Elbow. The New Yorker, October 16, 2006, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/10/23/the-40-million-elbow. Petropoulos, Jonathan 2021 Goring’s Man in Paris. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.     Restrepo, Manuela Lopez 2025 UK court finds men who stole $6 million gold toilet guilty. NPR, March 20, 2025, www.npr.org/2025/03/20/g-s1-54909/golden-toilet-stolen-cattelan-6-million-convicted.   Reyhan, Patricia Youngblood 2001 A Chaotic Palette: Conflict of Laws in Litigation between Original Owners and Good-Faith Purchasers of Stolen Art. Duke Law Journal, Feb., 2001, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Feb., 2001), pp. 955-1043.   Roodt, Christa 2013 Restitution of Art and Cultural Objects and Its Limits. The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, November 2013, Vol. 46, No. 3 (November 2013), pp. 286-307.   Schapiro, Rich and Ani Ucar 2026 A $58,000 sofa? Inside the mind-boggling crime spree of L.A.'s 'most tasteful' burglar. NBC News, April 3, 2026, www.nbcnews.com/ investigations/58000-sofa-mind-boggling-crime-spree-ls-tasteful-burglar-rcna254532.    Shoumatoff, Alex 2014 The Devil and the Art Dealer. Vanity Fair, March 19, 2014, www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/04/degenerate-art-cornelius-gurlitt-munich-apartment.   Spencer, Ronald D. and Gary D. Sesser 2013 Provenance: Important, Yes, But Often Incomplete and Often Enough, Wrong. Artnet, June 26, 2013, news.artnet.com/market/the-importance-of-provenance-in-determining-authenticity-29953.   UNESCO 2023 The illicit trafficking of cultural goods shall be recognized as a security issue. UNESCO (website), November 23, 2023, www.unesco.org/en/articles/ illicit-trafficking-cultural-goods-shall-be-recognized-security-issue.   Willingham, Leah 2026 Inside the world’s largest art heist when over $500M of paintings were stolen from a Boston museum. APNnews.com. April 26, 2026, apnews.com/article/isabella-stewart-gardner-museum-art-heist-boston-512da0322ce5c93c1bbafc7a5e228b2c.

Episode 85: Is That a Baguette in Your Pocket or Are You Just a Happy Francophile?

Oh la la!! The Two Humans travel back to their own adolescence to investigate why people become obsessed with certain activities. Episode 85: Is That a Baguette in Your Pocket or Are You Just a Happy Francophile? An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com [http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com] Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542] IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans [https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans] Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans [https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans] Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501 [http://www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501] Resources: American Psychological Association  2002   Developing Adolescents: A Reference for Professionals. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.   Amodeo, John 2018   Would You Like to Be More Interesting: Keys to Richer Connections. Psychology Today, June 4, 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/intimacy-a-path-toward-spirituality/201806/would-you-like-to-become-more-interesting.   Aristides 1997   Life and Letters: Anglophilia, American Style. The American Scholar, Summer 1997, Vol. 66, No. 3 (Summer 1997), pp. 327-334.    Basford, Steve 2024   Breaking Away: A Retrospective. Proving Press, Newark, OH.   Bauerlein, Monika 2015   Last of the Munichans. Mother Jones, July/August 2015, www.motherjones.com/ media/2015/07/europeans-dressed-as-native-americans-photos.   Brown, Laurence 2013   Lost in the Pond: Why Are There So Many American Anglophile? Anglotopia, October 14, 2013, anglotopia.net/anglophilia/lost-in-the-pond-why-are-there-so-many-american-anglophiles/.   Bucar, Liz 2022   Stealing My Religion: Not Just Any Cultural Appropriation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.   Burton, Antoinette 2003   When Was Britain? Nostalgia for the Nation at the End of the “American Century.” The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 75, No. 2 (June 2003), pp. 359-374.   Coffey, Simon 2010   Stories of Frenchness: Becoming a Francophile. Language and Intercultural Communication, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 2010, pp. 119-136.   Copeland, Libby 2021   Why Are We All So Obsessed with Genealogy. Literary Hub, June 11, 2021, lithub.com/we-are-we-all-so-obsessed-with-genealogy/.   Deloria, Philip J. 1998   Playing Indian. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.   Dery, Mark 2013   England My England: Anglophilia Explained. Thought Catalog, Brooklyn, NY.   Dewey, Dan P. 2007   Language Learning During Study Abroad: What We Know and What We Have Yet to Learn. Japanese Language and Literature, Oct., 2007, Vol. 41, No. 2, Study Abroad for Advanced Skills (Oct., 2007), pp. 245-269.   Everett, Dion 2025   The French Dispatch and Francophilia in Film. The Cambridge Language Collective (website), www.thecambridgelanguagecollective.com/europe/the-french-dispatch-and-francophilia-in-film (accessed January 29, 2026).   Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta 2012   Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Friedman, Harris 2009   Xenophilia as a Cultural Trap: Bridging the Gap Between Transpersonal Psychology and Religious/Spiritual Traditions. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 107-111, digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies/vol28/iss1/10/.   Goldstein, Sam 2025   You Don’t Need to Be Interesting, Just Interested: Real connection starts with listening. Psychology Today, September 23, 2025, www.psychologytoday.com /us/ blog/raising-resilient-children/202509/you-dont-need-to-be-interesting-just-interested.   Graham, Laura R. and H. Glenn Penny 2015   Becoming ‘Indigenous’: German Fascination with North American Indians.  Utne Reader, February 13, 2015, www.utne.com/community/north-american-indians-ze0z1502zhur/.   Hale, Matthew 2014   Cosplay: Intertextuality, Public Texts, and the Body Fantastic. Western Folklore, Winter 2014, Vol. 73, No. 1 (Winter 2014), pp. 5-37.   Hents, Nathan H. 2018   The Meaning and Meaninglessness of Genealogy. Psychology Today, January 29, 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beastly-behavior/201801/the-meaning-and-meaninglessness-genealogy.   Jackson, Lauren Michele 2019   White Negroes: When Cornrows Were in Vogue…And Other Thoughts on Cultural Appropriation. Beacon Press Books, Boston, MA.   Joutard, Genevieve and Philippe Joutard 2006   De la francophilie en Amerique : Ces Americains qui aiment la France. Actes Sud, Arles, France.   Kale, Sirin 2020   The New Anglophilia: Why the US is Going Wild for English Accents and Culture. The Guardian, www.theguardian.com/uk-news/shortcuts/2020/feb/11/the-new-anglophilia-why-the-us-is-going-wild-for-english-accents-and-culture.   Kloppers, Mandy 2014   Forms of Escapism. MentalHealth.com, April 9, 2014, www.mentalhealth.com/ library/forms-of-escapism.   Kooy, Michael John 2000   Coleridge’s Francophobia. The Modern Language Review, Oct., 2000, Vol. 95, No. 4, (Oct., 2000), pp. 924-941.   Leo, Geoff, Roxanna Woloshyn, and Linda Guerriero 2023   Who is the real Buffy Sainte-Marie? CBC News, October 27, 2023, www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/buffy-sainte-marie.   Longeway, John L. 1990   The Rationality of Escapism and Self-Deception. Behavior and Philosophy, Fall/Winter, 1990, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Fall/Winter 1990), pp. 1-20.   Lore of Life 2024   Understanding Ennui: Unravelling the Depths of Modern Discontent. Lore of Life, October 12, 2024, loreoflife.com/ennui/.   Mackelden, Amy 2022   Anna Delvey Is So Much More than a "Fake German Heiress." Harper’s Bazaar, February 7, 2022, www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/a38994142/who-is-anna-delvey-sorokin-fake-german-heiress/.   McGreal, Chris 2015   Rachel Dolezal: ‘I wasn't identifying as black to upset people. I was being me.’ The Guardian, December 13, 2015, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/13/rachel-dolezal-i-wasnt-identifying-as-black-to-upset-people-i-was-being-me.   McGregor, Janice 2014   “Your Mind Says One Thing but Your Emotions Do Another”: Language, Emotion, and Developing Transculturality in Study Abroad. Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German, Vol. 47, No. 2 (Fall 2014), pp. 109-120.   Morales, Jessica I. 2020   Two Types of Passion: Harmonious vs. Obsessive. Psychology Today, August 8, 2020, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/building-the-habit-hero/202008/two-types-passion-harmonious-vs-obsessive.   Nati, Michelle 2015   8 People Who Pretended To Be A Different Race Or Ethnicity. Oddee, June 16, 2015, www.oddee.com/item_99357.aspx.   Pink, Matthew 2025   The Francophile Condition. The Good Life France (website), thegoodlifefrance.com/the-francophile-condition/, (accessed January 29, 2026).   Psychologs Entertainment 2024   The Psychology Behind Passion. Psychologs, January 5, 2024, www.psychologs.com/the-psychology-behind-passion/ ?srsltid =AfmBOoqXHdRIqaRYbWX0_WXvrxkODfem1xiyG7WzQr-ZoJbQklfN4ZP7.   Psychology Today 2025   Imposter Syndrome. Psychology Today.com (website), www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/imposter-syndrome, accessed February 2, 2026.   Queenan, Joe 2011   Why America’s Anglophiles Are Missing the Point of the Royal Wedding. Time, April 28, 2011, time.com/archive/6595657/why-americas-anglophiles-are-missing-the-point-of-the-royal-wedding/.   Rickman, Catherine 2021   5 of the Most Famous Francophiles in History. Frenchly, February 17, 2021, frenchly.us/5-of-the-most-famous-francophiles-in-history/.   Said, Edward W. 1978   Orientalism. Vintage Books, New York, New York.   Schumpe, Birga Mareen and Hans-Peter Erb 2015   Humans and Uniqueness. Science Progress (1933-), Vol. 8, No. 1 (2015), pp. 1-11. Tuan, Yi-Fu 1998   Escapism.  The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. Vallerand, Robert J. 2010   On Passion for Life Activities: The Dualistic Model of Passion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (ed. Mark Zanna), Vol. 42, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 97-193.

Episode 84: Give Your Hands a Hand: A Slow Clap for an Underappreciated Appendage.

It’s time to high five and give each other some skin as The Two Humans celebrate those two work horses at the end of our arms—THE HANDS! Episode 84: Give Your Hands a Hand: A Slow Clap for an Underappreciated Appendage. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com [http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com] Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542] IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans [https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans] Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans [https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans] Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501 [http://www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501] Resources:   Alpenfels, Ethel J. 1955   The Anthropology and Social Significance of the Human Hand. Artificial Limbs, May 1, 1955, 2 (2), pp. 4-21.   Baccarini, Matteo and Angelo Maravita 2013   Beyond the Boundaries of the Hand: Plasticity of Body-Space Interactions Following Tool Use. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 77-99.   Bell, Charles 1852   The Hand: Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments As Evincing Design. London, John Murray.   Bremner, Andrew J. and Dorothy Cowie 2013   Developmental Origins of the Hand in the Mind, and the Role of the Hand in the Development of the Mind. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 27-55.    Bridgman, George B. 1920   The Book of a Hundred Hands. Dover Publications, Garden City, New York.   Britannica Editors 2021   Brachiation. Encyclopedia Britannica (website), December 20, 2021, www.britannica.com/science/brachiation.   Byrns, Arthur G. 1906   The Hand in Art. Brush and Pencil, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Sep., 1906), pp. 117-122.   Cahn, Laura 2024   14 Common Hand Gestures That Are Rude in Other Countries. Reader’s Digest, November 25, 2024, www.rd.com/article/common-hand-gestures-rude-in-other-countries/.   Cole, Jonathan 2013   “Capable of Whatever Man’s Ingenuity Suggests”: Agency, Deafferentation, and the Control of Movement. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 3-25.    Cooperrider, Kensy 2020   Where Do Finger Names Come From? JSTOR Daily, January 1, 2020, daily.jstor.org/where-do-finger-names-come-from/.   Farmer, Harry and Manos Tsakiris 2013   Hand-Centered Space, Hand-Centered Attention, and the Control of Movement. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 103-130.   Feder, Kenneth L. and Michael Alan Park 2007   Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (Fifth Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Given, Leila 1929   The Bacterial Significance of the Handshake. The American Journal of Nursing, Mar., 1929, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Mar., 1929), pp. 254-256.   Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2011   Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Helvetius, Claude Adrien 1810   De l’Esprit or, Essays on the Mind and Its Several Faculties (translated from the French). London: Albion Press.   Herz, Robert 2013   The Pre-Eminence of the Right Hand: A Study in Religious Polarity. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013), pp. 335-357.   Holmes, Nicholas P. 2013   Hand-Centered Space, Hand-Centered Attention, and the Control of Movement. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 57-76.   International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) 2024   Animals with Opposable Thumbs. International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) (website), September 18, 2024, www.ifaw.org/journal/animals-opposable-thumbs.   Isaac Newton.org 2026   Isaac Newton Quotes. Isaac Newton.org (website), www.isaacnewton.org/ quotes.jsp (accessed January 12, 2026).   Keller, Helen 2023   The Story of My Life. Global Publishers, Glendale, WI.   Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 2010   Oldest evidence of human stone tool use and meat-eating found. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (website), August 12, 2010.   Morrison, Terri and Wayne A. Conaway 1995   Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands (2nd Edition). Adams Media, Stoughton, MA.    Napier, John (Revised by Russell H. Tuttle) 1980   Hands. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.   Prinz, Jesse J. 2013   Foreword: Hand Manifesto. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. ix-xvii.    Radman, Zdravko 2013   Beforehand. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. xix-xxii.    Ratcliffe, Matthew 2013   Touch and the Sense of Reality. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 131-157.    Read, Alice 2024   Why are hands so difficult to draw? Using the failures of AI to understand. Art UK, July 8, 2024, artuk.org/discover/stories/why-are-hands-so-difficult-to-draw-using-the-failures-of-ai-to-understand.   Roberts, Alice 2018   Evolution: The Human Story, Second Edition. Dorling Kindersley, New York, NY.   Rolian, Campbell, Daniel E. Lieberman, and Benedikt Hallgrimsson 2010   The Coevolution of Human Hands and Feet. Evolution, June 2010, Vol. 64, No. 6 (June 2010), pp. 1558-1568.   Siede, Carolyn 2017   Here’s Why Cartoon Characters Only Have 4 Fingers. A.V. Club, March 29, 2017, www.avclub.com/here-s-why-cartoon-characters-only-have-4-fingers-1798259730.   TCT: Top China Travel 2025   Chinese Etiquette: Fist and Palm Salute. TCT: Top China Travel (website), www.topchinatravel.com/china-guide/chinese-etiquette-fist-and-palm-salute.htm, accessed December 22, 2025.   Tyler, Adrienne 2022   Why So Many Cartoon Characters Only Have 4 Fingers. Screen Rant, January 1, 2022, screenrant.com/cartoon-characters-four-fingers-hands-animation-reason/.   Webster, Richard 2024   Palm Reading for Beginners. Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, Minnesota.   Wilson, Frank 1998   The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture. Vintage Books, New York, NY.

Episode 83: Obedience and Authority: From Shock the Monkey to Jailhouse Rock

You WILL listen to this episode. You WILL enjoy it. The Two Humans discuss Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiment and Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment. Episode 83: Obedience and Authority: From Shock the Monkey to Jailhouse Rock An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com [http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com] https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542] IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 [http://www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011] Resources: Caspar, Emilie A. 2024   Just Following Orders: Atrocities and the Brain Science of Obedience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.   De Vos, Jan 2011   Depsychologizing Torture. Critical Inquiry, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Winter 2011), pp. 286-314.   Eckman, Bruce K. 1977   Research: Stanley Milgram’s “Obedience” Studies. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, March 1977, Vol. 34, No. 1 (March 1977), pp. 88-99.   Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah 1996   Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Vintage Books, New York, NY.   Hale, Rebecca 2020   ‘They Were Just Following Orders’: Relationships between Milgram’s Obedience Experiments and Conceptions of Holocaust Perpetration. Holocaust Education: Contemporary Challenges and Controversies (ed. Stuart Foster, Andy Pearce, and Alice Pettigrew. UCL Press, London, UK.   Harvard University Department of Psychology 2025   Stanley Milgram (1933-1984). Harvard University (website), psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/stanley-milgram, (accessed November 30, 2025).   Helm, Charles and Mario Morelli 1979   Stanley Milgram and the Obedience Experiment: Authority, Legitimacy, and Human Action. Political Theory, Aug., 1979, No. 3 (Aug., 1979), pp. 321-345.     Krueger, Joachim I. 2008   Review: Lucifer’s Last Laugh: The Devil Is in the Details. Reviewed Work(s): The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil by Philip Zimbardo. The American Journal of Psychology, Summer, 2008, Vol. 121, No. 2 (Summer, 2008), pp. 335-341.   Le Texier, Thibault 2024   Investigating the Stanford Prison Experiment: History of a Lie. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.   Levine, Robert 2007   Review: The Evil That Men Do. American Scientist, September-October 2007, Vol. 95, No. 5 (September-October 2007), pp. 440-442.   Milgrim, Stanley 1974   Obedience to Authority. Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York, NY. 1974   The Dilemma of Obedience. The Phi Delta Kappan, May, 1974, Vol. 55, No. 9 (May, 1974), pp. 603-606.   Stannard, Matthew B. 2002   BBC’s ‘Reality’ Show May Be Cruel and Unusual Television/Program Based on Stanford Prison Experiment. SFGate.com, January 28, 2002, www.sfgate.com/ news/article/BBC-s-reality-show-may-be-cruel-and-unusual-2879491.php.   Stevens, Francis L., Robin A. Hurley, and Katherine H. Taber 2011   Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Unique Role in Cognition and Emotion. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Volume 23, Number 2, Spring 2011, pp. 120-125.       Stigler, Kimberly A. and Christopher J. McDougle 2013   Structural and Functional MRI Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ed. Joseph D. Buxbaum and Patrick R. Hof). Academic Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 251-266.   Travers, Jeffrey and Stanley Milgram 1969   An Experimental Study of the Small World Problem. Sociometry, Vol 32, No. 4 (Dec., 1969), pp.425-443.   Zimbardo, Philip 2008   The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. Random House Trade Paperbacks, New York, NY.   Zurcher, Anthony 2025   Fallout from ‘illegal orders’ video escalates battle with Democrats over US patriotism. BBC, November 26, 2025, www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq8dqq ddpe8o.