Diary of the World
Welcome to Part 3 of 4 in our Modern History of Ukraine series, tracing the last 50 years of Ukraine’s story. In this episode, we break down how corruption and oligarchs became central players in Ukraine’s politics and economy—where they came from, how the system worked, and why it proved so hard to escape. We also explore why Ukraine didn’t move toward Europe sooner, and how ordinary Ukrainians pushed back—culminating in mass protests that reshaped the country. This episode covers Ukraine’s story from 1995 to 2014. Sources / Further Reading 1. Freedom House — Nations in Transit 2014: Ukraine (PDF) https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/28.%20NIT14_Ukraine_final.pdf [https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/28.%20NIT14_Ukraine_final.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com] 2. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty — Ukraine-Russia “Trade War” (Aug 2013) https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russia-trade-war/25076710.html [https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russia-trade-war/25076710.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com] 3. U.S. Department of State — Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Ukraine (2004) https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41715.htm [https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41715.htm] 4. Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW) — Ukrainian Parliament Adopts Part of “European Laws” (Sep 25, 2013) https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2013-09-25/ukrainian-parliament-adopts-part-european-laws [https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2013-09-25/ukrainian-parliament-adopts-part-european-laws?utm_source=chatgpt.com] 5. Anders Åslund (PDF) — [your downloaded PDF] (Dec 3, 2013) (Your local file: aslund20131203.pdf — replace with the public link if you have one) 6. Wikipedia (background dates only) — Leonid Kuchma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma?utm_source=chatgpt.com] 7. Wikipedia (background dates only) — Viktor Yushchenko https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko] 8. Wikipedia (background dates only) — Yulia Tymoshenko https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko] 9. Wikipedia (background dates only) — Orange Revolution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Revolution [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Revolution?utm_source=chatgpt.com] 10. Wikipedia (background dates only) — Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances]
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