Episode 16: Gastrointestinal Anatomy

Episode 20: Colonoscopy Part 2

In this episode, we will review how to explain to a patient who needs a screening colonoscopy. -------------------------------------------------- Vocabulary: (01:54) average risk – yībān fēngxiǎn, 一般风险 (02:10) for people / for those who – duìyú … de rén, 对于…的人 (02:30) to recommend – jiànyì, 建议 (02:42) to start – kāishǐ, 开始 (02:51) screening – shāichá, 筛查 (02:59) age – suì, 岁 (04:09) in order to – wèile, 为了 (04:19) early – zǎo diǎn, 早点 (04:25) to discover / detect – fāxiàn, 发现 (04:32) problem / issue – wèntí, 问题 (05:21) to lower / reduce – jiàngdī, 降低 (05:30) risk – fēngxiǎn, 风险 (06:28) family member / family – jiārén, 家人 (06:39) to have had (a disease) – dé guò, 得过 (07:10) or – huòzhě, 或者 (07:20) risk factors – fēngxiǎn yīnsù, 风险因素 (07:59) may need – kěnéng xūyào, 可能需要 (08:08) earlier / ahead of time – tíqián, 提前 (08:15) to check / to be screened – jiǎnchá, 检查 -------------------------------------------------- Dialogue: Duìyú yībān fēngxiǎn de rén. 对于一般风险的人， For people at average risk. Wǒmen jiànyì cóng sìshíwǔ suì kāishǐ shāichá. 我们建议从四十五岁开始筛查。 We recommend starting screening at age forty-five. Zhè shì wèile zǎo diǎn fāxiàn wèntí. 这是为了早点发现问题。 This is to find problems early. Kěyǐ jiàngdī jiécháng’ái de fēngxiǎn. 可以降低结肠癌的风险。 It can lower the risk of colon cancer. Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu jiārén dé guò jiécháng’ái. 如果你有家人得过结肠癌， If you have a family history of colon cancer. Huòzhě yǒu qítā jiécháng’ái de fēngxiǎn yīnsù. 或者有其他结肠癌的风险因素。 Or other colon cancer risk factors. Nǐ kěnéng xūyào tíqián jiǎnchá. 你可能需要提前检查。 You may need screening earlier.

Episode 19: Anesthesia Encounter Part 2 - Medical History, Medications, and Allergies

This is part 2 of the anesthesia encounter. In this episode, you will learn to ask about chronic diseases, daily medications, blood thinners, and drug allergies. -------------------------------------------------- (1:40) - medical history - bìngshǐ - 病史 (1:49) - chronic disease - mànxìng bìng - 慢性病 (2:04) - high blood pressure / hypertension - gāo xuèyā - 高血压 (2:12) - diabetes - tángniàobìng - 糖尿病 (2:28) - heart disease - xīnzàng bìng - 心脏病 (2:38) - asthma - xiàochuǎn - 哮喘 (2:51) - to take medicine - chī yào - 吃药 (2:59) - every day - měitiān - 每天 (3:15) - blood pressure medicine - jiàng yā yào - 降压药 (3:27) - blood sugar medicine - jiàng xuètáng yào - 降血糖药 (3:45) - aspirin - āsīpǐlín - 阿司匹林 (3:55) - blood thinner - kàngníng yào - 抗凝药 (4:15) - this morning - jīntiān zǎoshang - 今天早上 (4:37) - a little water - yīdiǎn shuǐ - 一点水 (4:52) - allergy / allergic - guòmǐn - 过敏 (5:01) - any - rènhé - 任何 (5:12) - penicillin - qīngméisù - 青霉素 (5:30) - reaction - fǎnyìng - 反应 (5:38) - rash - pízhěn - 皮疹 (5:45) - difficulty breathing - hūxī kùnnán - 呼吸困难 (5:52) - other symptoms - qítā zhèngzhuàng - 其他症状 (6:12) - whole body - quánshēn - 全身 (6:36) - to note / to record - jìlù - 记录 (6:43) - to avoid - bìmiǎn - 避免 -------------------------------------------------- Conversation Anesthesiologist: Xiànzài wǒ yào liǎojiě nǐ de bìngshǐ. Nǐ yǒu shénme mànxìng bìng ma? 现在我要了解你的病史。你有什么慢性病吗？ Now I need to understand your medical history. Do you have any chronic diseases? Patient: Wǒ yǒu gāo xuèyā hé tángniàobìng. 我有高血压和糖尿病。 I have high blood pressure and diabetes. Anesthesiologist: Nǐ yǒu xīnzàng bìng huò xiàochuǎn ma? 你有心脏病或哮喘吗？ Do you have heart disease or asthma? Patient: Méiyǒu. 没有。 No. Anesthesiologist: Hǎo de. Nǐ měitiān chī shénme yào? 好的。你每天吃什么药？ Okay. What medications do you take every day? Patient: Wǒ chī jiàng yā yào hé jiàng xuètáng yào. 我吃降压药和降血糖药。 I take blood pressure medicine and blood sugar medicine. Anesthesiologist: Nǐ yǒu chī āsīpǐlín huò qítā kàngníng yào ma? 你有吃阿司匹林或其他抗凝药吗？ Do you take aspirin or other blood thinners? Patient: Méiyǒu chī. 没有吃。 No, I don't. Anesthesiologist: Jīntiān zǎoshang nǐ chī yào le ma? 今天早上你吃药了吗？ Did you take your medicine this morning? Patient: Chī le, yě hē le yīdiǎn shuǐ. 吃了，也喝了一点水。 Yes, and I also drank a little water. Anesthesiologist: Hǎo de. Nǐ duì rènhé yào guòmǐn ma? 好的。你对任何药过敏吗？ Okay. Are you allergic to any medications? Patient: Wǒ duì qīngméisù guòmǐn. 我对青霉素过敏。 I am allergic to penicillin. Anesthesiologist: Yǒu shénme fǎnyìng? Shì pízhěn, hūxī kùnnán, háishì qítā zhèngzhuàng? 有什么反应？是皮疹、呼吸困难、还是其他症状？ What kind of reaction? A rash, difficulty breathing, or other symptoms? Patient: Shì pízhěn, quánshēn dōu yǒu. 是皮疹，全身都有。 A rash, all over my body. Anesthesiologist: Wǒ huì jìlù xiàlai. Wǒmen huì bìmiǎn shǐyòng qīngméisù. 我会记录下来。我们会避免使用青霉素。 I will note this down. We will avoid using penicillin.

Episode 18: Anesthesia Encounter Part 1 - Introduction & History

In this episode, you will learn the basic parts of the anesthesia encounter. You will learn to introduce yourself, verify patient identity, check fasting status, and ask about previous anesthesia. -------------------------------------------------- Vocabulary: (1:32) doctor - yī shēng - 医生 (1:38) to be responsible for - fù zé - 负责 (1:48) anesthesia procedure - má zuì shǒu shù - 麻醉手术 (2:43) tell me - gào sù wǒ - 告诉我 (2:52) name - míng zì - 名字 (3:01) date of birth - chū shēng rì qī - 出生日期 (3:49) to know - zhī dào - 知道 (3:57) surgery - shǒu shù - 手术 (4:27) to remove (surgically) - qiē chú - 切除 (4:36) gallbladder - dǎn náng - 胆囊 (4:55) last / most recently - zuì hòu - 最后 (5:02) to eat - chī dōngxī - 吃东西 (5:08) to drink - hē dōng xī - 喝东西 (5:16) time- shí jiān - 时间 (5:53) also/again - yòu - 又 (6:11) before/in the past - yǐ qián - 以前 (6:18) have experienced - jiē shòu guò - 接受过 (6:56) C-section - pōu fù chǎn - 剖腹产 (7:21) after anesthesia - má zuì hòu - 麻醉后 (7:29) problem - wèn tí - 问题 (7:38) nausea/nauseous - ě xīn - 恶心 (7:44) vomiting - ǒu tù - 呕吐 (8:01) to feel - gǎn dào - 感到 (8:18) some - yīxiē - 一些 (8:26) to prevent - yùfáng预防 -------------------------------------------------- Conversation: Anesthesiologist: Nǐ hǎo, wǒ shì Luó yīshēng, wǒ fùzé nǐ de mázuì shǒushù. 你好，我是罗医生，我负责你的麻醉手术。 Hello, I am Dr. Luo. I am the anesthesiologist who will be performing the anesthesia. Patient: Nǐ hǎo. 你好。 Hello. Anesthesiologist: Qǐng gàosù wǒ nǐ de míngzì hé chūshēng rìqī. 请告诉我你的名字和出生日期。 Please tell me your name and date of birth. Patient: Wǒ jiào Lǐ Lì, yī jiǔ liù qī nián sān yuè shíwǔ rì chūshēng. 我叫李丽，一九六七年三月十五日出生。 My name is Li Li, born on March 15, 1967. Anesthesiologist: Nǐ zhīdào jīntiān yào zuò shénme shǒushù ma? 你知道今天要做什么手术吗？ Do you know what surgery you are having today? Patient: Wǒ jīntiān yào qiēchú dǎnnáng. 我今天要切除胆囊。 Today I will be getting my gallbladder removed. Anesthesiologist: Hǎo de. Nǐ zuìhòu chī dōngxī hé hē dōngxī shì shénme shíjiān? 好的。你最后吃东西和喝东西是什么时间？ Okay. When did you last eat and drink? Patient: Zuó wǎn qī diǎn chīle wǎnfàn. Jīntiān zǎoshang wǔ diǎn yòu hēle yīdiǎn shuǐ. 昨晚七点吃了晚饭。今天早上五点又喝了一点水。 I ate dinner at 7 last night. I also drank a little water at 5 this morning. Anesthesiologist: Hǎo de. Nǐ yǐqián jiēshòu guò mázuì shǒushù ma? 好的。你以前接受过麻醉手术吗？ Okay. Have you had anesthesia before? Patient: Yǒu. Sānshí nián qián zuòguò pōufùchǎn. 有。三十年前做过剖腹产。 Yes. I had a C-section thirty years ago. Anesthesiologist: Mázuì hòu yǒu shénme wèntí ma? Bǐrú ěxīn huò ǒutù? 麻醉后有什么问题吗？比如恶心或呕吐？ Any problems after anesthesia? For example, nausea or vomiting? Patient: Yǒu, wǒ huì gǎndào ěxīn. 有，我会感到恶心。 Yes, I felt nauseous. Anesthesiologist: Hǎo, wǒ huì gěi nǐ yīxiē yào lái yùfáng. 好，我会给你一些药来预防。 Okay, I will give you some medicine to prevent that.

Episode 17: Colonoscopy Part 1

In this episode, we will review how to explain to a patient what a colonoscopy is and why it is needed. -------------------------------------------------- Vocabulary: (02:15) colonoscopy – Jiécháng jìng jiǎnchá, 结肠镜检查 (02:36) medical procedure – yīliáo cèshì shǒuxù, 医疗测试手续 (02:55) measure word (for procedures) – yí xiàng, 一项 (04:13) thin tube – xì guǎn, 细管 (04:23) small camera – xiǎo shèxiàngtóu, 小摄像头 (04:34) with / equipped with – dài yǒu, 带有 (04:44) on the tip / at the end – mòduān, 末端 (05:18) measure word (for long, thin objects) – yì gēn, 一根 (05:52) will use – huì shǐyòng, 会使用 (06:45) anus – gāngmén, 肛门 (06:56) to enter / go in – jìnrù, 进入 (07:03) colon – jiécháng, 结肠 (07:13) inside – lǐmiàn, 里面 (08:49) be anesthetized – bèi mázuì, 被麻醉 (08:57) be in – chǔ zài, 处在 (09:14) state / condition – zhuàngtài, 状态 (11:07) colon cancer – jiécháng’ái, 结肠癌 (11:20) polyps – xīròu, 息肉 (11:44) to discover / find – fāxiàn, 发现 (11:53) through / by means of – tōngguò, 通过 -------------------------------------------------- Dialogue: Jiécháng jìng jiǎnchá shì yí xiàng yīliáo cèshì shǒuxù. 结肠镜检查是一项医疗测试手续。 A colonoscopy is a medical procedure. Yīshēng huì shǐyòng yì gēn mòduān dàiyǒu xiǎo shèxiàngtóu de xì guǎn. 医生会使用一根末端带有小摄像头的细管。 The doctor uses a thin tube with a tiny camera at the end. Cóng gāngmén jìnrù jiécháng lǐmiàn. 从肛门进入结肠里面。 That goes in through the anus into the colon. Jiǎnchá shí, nǐ huì bèi mázuì chǔ zài shuìjiào de zhuàngtài. 检查时，你会被麻醉处在睡觉的状态. During the examination, you will be under anesthesia and sleeping. Yībān bù huì téng.   一般不会疼。 It usually does not hurt. Tōngguò zhèyàng de jiǎnchá kěyǐ fāxiàn xīròu hé jiécháng’ái. 通过这样的检查可以发现息肉和结肠癌。 Through this exam, it can find polyps and colon cancer.

Episode 16: Gastrointestinal Anatomy

In this episode, we will discuss key gastrointestinal anatomy terms! --------------------------------------------- Vocabulary: (00:34) digestive system – xiāohuà xìtǒng, 消化系统 (00:51) organ – qìguān, 器官 (01:04) gastrointestinal tract – wèi cháng dào, 胃肠道 (01:16) gastroenterology – chángwèi bìngxué, 肠胃病学 (01:33) gastroenterologist – xiāo huà kē yī shēng, 消化科医生 (02:36) mouth – kǒu qiāng, 口腔 (02:47) tongue – shé tou, 舌头 (02:56) teeth – yá chǐ, 牙齿 (03:15) esophagus – shí guǎn, 食管 (03:47) stomach – wèi, 胃 (03:56) stomach acid – wèi suān, 胃酸 (04:07) small intestine – xiǎo cháng, 小肠 (04:30) duodenum – shí èr zhǐ cháng, 十二指肠 (04:40) jejunum – kōng cháng, 空肠 (04:49) ileum – huí cháng, 回肠 (04:57) large intestine – dà cháng, 大肠 (05:15) cecum / appendix – máng cháng, 盲肠 (05:25) ascending colon – shēng jié cháng, 升结肠 (05:34) transverse colon – héng jié cháng, 横结肠 (05:40) descending colon – jiàng jié cháng, 降结肠 (05:49) sigmoid colon – yǐ zhuàng jié cháng, 乙状结肠 (06:08) rectum – zhí cháng, 直肠 (06:15) anus – gāng mén, 肛门 (06:22) accessory organs – fǔzhù xiāohuà qìguān, 辅助消化器官 (06:44) liver – gān zàng, 肝脏 (06:49) hepatitis – gān yán, 肝炎 (06:58) cirrhosis – gān yìng huà, 肝硬化 (07:04) gallbladder – dǎn náng, 胆囊 (07:12) gallstones – dǎn jié shí, 胆结石 (07:26) pancreas – yí xiàn, 胰腺 (07:33) pancreatitis – yí xiàn yán, 胰腺炎 (07:39) practice