GI101: Lactose Intolerance | A Clinical Medicine Brief

CARDIO101: Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) | A Clinical Medicine Brief

In this episode of CARDIO101, guest host Dr. Angelica Urbina, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) from a cardiovascular perspective. You’ll learn how AVMs bypass the normal capillary bed to create high-flow shunting, how they present in the brain, lungs, and extremities, and their association with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The episode also covers key clinical features, basic imaging approaches, potential complications such as hypoxemia and high-output heart failure, and practical management principles—all at a clear, PANCE-ready level. #AVM #ArteriovenousMalformation #Cardiology #HHT #VascularMedicine #PANCEPrep #ProPAPodcast

GI101: Appendicitis | A Clinical Medicine Brief

In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Appendicitis, one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention. You’ll learn to recognize classic symptom progression from periumbilical pain to right lower quadrant tenderness, understand key exam findings such as McBurney point tenderness and rebound pain, and review diagnostic strategies including labs and CT imaging. We’ll also cover management—ranging from antibiotics in select cases to urgent appendectomy—and discuss complications like perforation and abscess formation. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your acute abdominal decision-making skills. #Appendicitis #AcuteAbdomen #RightLowerQuadrantPain #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast

GI101: Small Intestine Polyps | A Clinical Medicine Brief

In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Small Intestine Polyps, uncommon but clinically important lesions that may present with bleeding, anemia, obstruction, or be discovered incidentally. You’ll learn about different polyp types—including adenomatous, hamartomatous, and those associated with hereditary syndromes such as Peutz-Jeghers and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)—along with key diagnostic tools and management strategies. We’ll also discuss surveillance considerations and when referral for genetic evaluation is warranted. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your understanding of small bowel pathology. #SmallIntestinePolyps #GI101 #PeutzJeghers #FAP #GIpathology #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast

GI101: Food Allergies & Food Sensitivities | A Clinical Medicine Brief

In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Food Allergies and Food Sensitivities, helping you distinguish immune-mediated reactions from non-immune food intolerances. You’ll learn the difference between IgE-mediated food allergies—which can cause urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylaxis—and food sensitivities such as lactose intolerance or other non-allergic gastrointestinal responses. We’ll also cover diagnostic approaches, elimination diets, when to refer for allergy testing, and key counseling points for patient safety. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to patients with food-related GI complaints. #FoodAllergy #FoodSensitivity #GI101 #PrimaryCare #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast

GI101: Lactose Intolerance | A Clinical Medicine Brief

In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Lactose Intolerance, a common cause of osmotic diarrhea due to lactase deficiency in the small intestine. You’ll learn how to recognize hallmark symptoms such as bloating, flatulence, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea after dairy ingestion, understand the difference between primary and secondary lactase deficiency, and review diagnostic options like the hydrogen breath test. We’ll also cover practical management strategies including dietary modification and lactase enzyme supplementation. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to malabsorption and chronic diarrhea. #LactoseIntolerance #Malabsorption #OsmoticDiarrhea #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast