Croatia's 1991 War of Independence: The Battle of Vukovar

Croatia's 1991 War of Independence: The Battle of Vukovar

How did a small city on the Danube become the symbol of Croatia's struggle for independence? This episode takes you inside the 87-day siege of Vukovar in 1991, where Croatian defenders held out against the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Serbian paramilitaries. We follow the final assault on November 18, the fall of the city, and the aftermath—including the mass executions at Ovčara and the long road to healing. Along the way, we explore the role of the Croatian National Guard (ZNG), the concept of 'Vukovar Syndrome', and the legacy of figures like Blago Zadro and Mile Dedaković. The episode also touches on the 1995 Operation Storm and the ICTY trials. This is a story of resilience and tragedy, but also of a nation's determination to be free. #Croatia #Vukovar #CroatianWarOfIndependence #SiegeOfVukovar #Ovčara #JNA #BlagoZadro #MileDedaković #OperationStorm #ICTY #BalkanHistory #1991 #YugoslavWars #ZNG #Danube #MilitaryHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1102 Pacta Conventa: Croatia's Medieval Contract with Hungary

In 1102, following the death of King Dmitar Zvonimir and a succession crisis, Croatia entered into a unique arrangement with Hungary known as the Pacta Conventa. This episode unpacks the historical context, the disputed authenticity of the document, and its profound implications for Croatian statehood. We explore the events after Zvonimir's death, the invasion by King Coloman of Hungary, the coronation at Biograd, and the enduring debate among historians about whether the pact was a voluntary contract or a later fabrication. The discussion also touches on the role of the Sabor, the Croatian nobility, and how this union shaped Croatia's identity within the Kingdom of Hungary for centuries. Hosts Lucas and Luna delve into the evidence from chronicles like Thomas the Archdeacon's Historia Salonitana and the Trogir manuscript, examining what the Pacta Conventa meant for Croatian autonomy, legal traditions, and the myth of the 'thousand-year-old Croatian state'. #PactaConventa #ColomanOfHungary #CroatianHistory #MedievalEurope #DmitarZvonimir #Biograd #Sabor #CroatianNobility #ThomasTheArchdeacon #HistoriaSalonitana #KingdomOfHungary #MedievalTreaty #CroatianStatehood #1102 #TrogirManuscript #FexingoHistory #History #Europe Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Croatia's 1382 Bosnian Alliance: Tvrtko's Claim to the Throne

In 1382, a new king was crowned in Croatia—but he wasn't Croatian. Stephen Tvrtko I of Bosnia declared himself King of Croatia and Dalmatia, backed by a coalition of nobles and a weakening Hungarian crown. This episode explores how the Bosnian king leveraged the chaos after Louis the Great's death, the role of the powerful Šubić family, and the short-lived but significant alliance that shifted power in the region. We discuss Tvrtko's coronation, the opposition from Sigismund of Luxembourg, and the eventual collapse of the Bosnian-Croatian union. Along the way, we uncover the legacy of Tvrtko's rule in Croatian memory and how this moment foreshadowed later struggles between centralization and regional autonomy. A forgotten chapter of medieval Balkan politics that reshaped the Adriatic coast. #TvrtkoI #Croatia #Bosnia #MedievalHistory #Dalmatia #HungarianCrown #ŠubićFamily #LouisTheGreat #SigismundOfLuxembourg #BalkanHistory #Coronation #Nobility #Centralization #Autonomy #14thCentury #History #FexingoHistory #Europe Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Adriatic Guard: Croatia's Forgotten Naval Force

In this episode of The History of Croatia, Lucas and Luna explore the little-known story of the Adriatic Guard (Jadranska straža), a patriotic organization founded in 1922 that sought to assert Croatian and Yugoslav naval presence on the Adriatic Sea. They discuss the Guard's founding by Admiral Metodije Koch, its fleet of training ships including the iconic 'Vila Velebita', and the annual 'Adriatic Week' celebrations that promoted maritime culture. The conversation covers the Guard's role in preserving Dalmatian heritage, its tensions with Italian irredentism, and how it was eventually suppressed by the royal dictatorship in 1929. Along the way, they touch on the broader context of the Adriatic Question after World War I, the legacy of figures like Julije Rorauer and Ivo Tartaglia, and a surprising connection to the Croatian Spring. The episode ends with a reflection on how the Guard's vision of a maritime Croatia still resonates today. #AdriaticGuard #JadranskaStraza #CroatianHistory #AdriaticSea #MetodijeKoch #VilaVelebita #Dalmatia #AdriaticWeek #MaritimeHistory #InterwarYugoslavia #IvoTartaglia #JulijeRorauer #CroatianSpring #YugoslavHistory #Rijeka #Split #NavalHistory #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Croatia's Baška Tablet: The Birth of Croatian Writing

In this episode of The History of Croatia, Lucas and Luna explore the Baška Tablet (Bašćanska ploča), one of the earliest and most significant monuments of Croatian language and culture. Discovered in the 19th century on the island of Krk, this inscribed stone slab from around 1100 AD contains a remarkable text in the Glagolitic script—the oldest known Slavic alphabet. Lucas explains how the tablet records a land grant by King Dmitar Zvonimir to the Benedictine abbey of St. Lucy, and how its discovery reshaped our understanding of early Croatian literacy and national identity. They discuss the Glagolitic versus Cyrillic scripts, the role of the Croatian Sabor (parliament) in preserving the tablet, and the ongoing debates about its exact interpretation. This episode also touches on the broader context of medieval Croatian kingdoms, the influence of the papacy, and the cultural legacy of the Glagolitic tradition. Perfect for listeners who want to understand how a single stone can embody the spirit of a nation. #BaškaTablet #BašćanskaPloča #GlagoliticScript #KrkIsland #KingZvonimir #CroatianHistory #MedievalCroatia #Benedictines #StLucyAbbey #CroatianLanguage #OldChurchSlavonic #Sabor #FexingoHistory #History #Europe #Medieval #Linguistics #Epigraphy Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]