024 边走边聊：纽约的奢侈空间，如何做到不收钱？

024 边走边聊：纽约的奢侈空间，如何做到不收钱？

Same Room 纽约华语播客节 10d7def8-6910-4376-a668-f3db943695f3.webp [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219737333_766404.webp] 沙龙致力于拓展线下活动的公共性。我们主张众说纷纭而非整齐划一；我们拥抱多元视角而非标准答案。我们审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流；我们冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地唤醒失落的维度。我们邀请每一颗寻找意义的心灵进入这个空间，真诚地感知、言说、倾听、理解。 这也是中文播客在这几年带给我们的力量之源。我们习惯于在异步时空中，独自聆听那些散落全球的美好中文——他们记录大时代、解构流行文化、观察城市与政治、想象参与世界的新方法……我们赞叹于那些独特的观点，并且渴望回应与共鸣。 于是我们决定：让这些声音在同一个空间回响。我们邀请来自 11 个播客的 12 位主播，从录音室出来，走进同一个房间，带着自己的叙事与视角，用声波碰撞，激荡出一个丰饶的公共声场。我们也邀请你，放下耳机，走进房间，成为塑造这个声场的在场者。 参与主播： 《起朱楼宴宾客》大卫翁 《疲惫娇娃》小杨 《美轮美换》Lokin 《城市传说》罗雨翔 《行星酒馆》东尼 《唠点纽约嗑》Rachel 47 / 杨蒙恩 《纽约漫谈录》欧阳斌 《残言片语》仁慈 / 伊如 《硅谷 101》/《新新人类》一闻 《选修课》老赵 活动形式： 三场对话，每场一小时。具体分组与话题会在未来公布。 时间：2026-06-14 周日 2-6 PM 地点：Cooper Union Rose Auditorium 地址：41 Cooper Sq, New York, NY 10008 报名链接：https://luma.com/1ver2cyw [https://luma.com/1ver2cyw] 【聊了什么 The What】 为什么有些城市的公共空间让人愿意停留，而有些只是路过？看似免费的公园，背后又是谁在长期支付？ 这是一期“一边春游，一边长知识”的特别节目，由《选修课》 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/podcast/6653bb72ac69187b78b770db]和《城市传说》 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/podcast/69bd478503567230f76ecdf1]联合发布。 image7.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736966_502449.jpg] 城市规划师、《创造大都会》 [https://book.douban.com/subject/36889885/]作者罗雨翔，与纽约文化沙龙的朋友们一起Citywalk ，横穿6个特色公园，边走边聊纽约如何建设、运营和“养活”它闻名全球的公共空间。 即使你未到过纽约，这也是一次理解现代城市如何运转的绝佳“任意门”。 纽约14%的土地是公园，但公园局预算却不到全市财政的1%。公园的钱从哪里来？为什么有些公共空间越来越像“私人产品”？地产、资本与普通人的生活，又如何在一张长椅、一条步道、一片草坪上相遇？ 欢迎跟随本期节目一起，理解公共空间背后的政治与经济。 image9.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736872_967695.jpg] 【时间轴 The When 】 02:20 Park 1 酷似中国城市的纽约地标：Hudson Yards image8.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736817_463025.jpg] 08:20 Park 2 悬在空中的“网红”花园：High Line image11.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736803_819195.jpg] 20:31 Park 3 谷歌风景最好的办公室顶上是公园：Pier 57 image10.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736790_174933.jpg] 26:19 Park 4 一对富豪夫妇捐钱建设的新公园：Little Island image2.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736770_404311.jpg] 31:04 Park 5 曼哈顿唯一的沙滩：Hudson River Park image1.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736744_590902.jpg] 39:35 Park 6 最时尚的街区广场：Gansevoort Plaza image4.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736732_710116.jpg] 地图由赵智沉制作，照片由罗雨翔提供。 🎙Citywalk主讲人：罗雨翔 罗雨翔，《城市传说 Urban Myths [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/podcast/69bd478503567230f76ecdf1]》播客主播，曾就职纽约市政府，毕业于哈佛大学（建筑）和伦敦政治经济学院（区域经济），著有《创造大都会：纽约空间与制度观察 [https://book.douban.com/subject/36889885/]》（上海三联书店｜后浪）。 《城市传说 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/podcast/69bd478503567230f76ecdf1]》是规划师讲故事的节目。城市不是乌托邦，而是社会的切面。这里以局内人的视角，第一人称的体验，沉浸式的反思，透过离奇的真实故事，探索城市的复杂本质。 罗雨翔过往的单集: 忽左忽右 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/6749603ac3b2a2f3345810c0]、美轮美换 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/694c70f469d0e0e9a73b8fd1]、不合时宜 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/69deff7de2c8be31553e4bf7]、漩涡派对 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/6745f09911045e78e52b1e11]、城市罐头 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/60d575dfa51ecfdc649d6940]、选修课（1 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/66c4019ae9650e9575dfb726]&2 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/6858681e7dd7cf65661beac5]）、五湖四海 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/67014b4a52eb4e0cafc00c96]、城市中国（1 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/679a3a75247d51713cd96066]&2 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/67fbb7b559699d74dc6d458f]） 🗽Citywalk组织者：纽约文化沙龙 纽约文化沙龙是注册于美国纽约州的501(c)(3)教育类非营利机构，旨在建立跨学科交流的优质平台，通过举办周末沙龙讲座的形式，吸引来自不同领域的朋友交换视角、交锋思想，消解由学科隔阂带来的思维定势，倡导通识教育和终身学习的理念，重拾孩童般的好奇。 《选修课 Universus [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/podcast/6653bb72ac69187b78b770db]》是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/podcast/6653bb72ac69187b78b770db]》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 📼相关播客单集 纽约的房价到底为什么这么高？ [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/66c4019ae9650e9575dfb726] 纽约地铁为什么这么破？ [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/6858681e7dd7cf65661beac5] 📖相关图书 《创造大都会：纽约空间与制度观察 [https://book.douban.com/subject/36889885/]》（上海三联书店｜后浪） image3.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736673_993561.jpg] image6.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736662_349737.jpg] image5.jpg [https://i.typlog.com/universus/8219736655_043262.jpg]

023 世界是一个……：在图像化时代寻找答案 The Age of the World Picture

【聊了什么 The What】 海德格尔在 1938 年说过一句话：世界进入了一个"图像化的时代"——它不再和我们一起存在，而是变成了一个被观察、被研究、被掌握的对象。 这期是《选修课》在狂喜播客节攒的一个四方连线，每人填一个半命题：世界是一个 ______。 物理学家老赵填的是钟表，传播学者方可成填的是洞穴，残障研究者仁慈填的是巨大的楼梯，律师 Lokin 填的是草台班子。 四张图像并置起来，照见了现代性的一些隐秘脉络——为什么我们这么依赖量化？为什么"客观"成了一个越来越站不住脚的承诺？神死之后我们靠什么获得确定性？以及，AI 时代，我们是该悲观还是乐观？ In 1938, Heidegger wrote that the world had entered "the age of the world picture" — no longer something we inhabit alongside, but something to be observed, st…In 1938, Heidegger wrote that the world had entered "the age of the world picture" — no longer something we inhabit alongside, but something to be observed, studied, and mastered as an object. This episode is a four-way crossover recorded for the Kuangxi Podcast Festival, hosted by Elective Course. Each guest was asked to fill in a blank: The world is a ______. Physicist Lao Zhao filled in a clockwork. Communications scholar Fang Kecheng filled in a cave. Disability studies scholar Mercy filled in a giant staircase. Lawyer Lokin filled in a slapdash operation. Placed side by side, the four images expose some of the hidden grain of modernity — why we've grown so dependent on quantification, why "objectivity" has become an increasingly untenable promise, what we turn to for certainty after the death of God, and whether, in the age of AI, we should be pessimistic or optimistic. 【时间轴 The When 】 02:44 为何我们需要拆解世界的"复数图像"？ 10:48 钟表宇宙图景：上帝作为第一推动力与永恒运行的规则 13:13 主客体二分法：当自然成为被征服的对象 20:55 还原论的代价：从"第一性原理"到互联网的"可扩展性"神话 26:53 李普曼的《公众舆论》：揭秘我们脑海中的"伪环境" 30:34 柏拉图洞穴寓言：当影像取代真实，人们为何拒绝走出洞穴？ 38:39 空间感知：为何纽约对不同身体来说既是天堂又是地狱？ 45:31 视觉中心主义批判：图像比喻背后的感官局限 49:56 《阿凡达》的政治隐喻：前现代神圣秩序与现代性治理的对比 58:59 为何我们突然觉得世界是个"草台班子"？ 1:08:43 美国宪政如何通过模糊性运行250年 1:12:30 法律界暴论：法官、律师的利益博弈与AI对法律文书的挑战 1:18:32 AI认识论：材料与观点的二分法是否依然有效？ 1:23:00 算法的"进步"：科技公司如何在AI中人为矫正偏见 02:44 Why do we need to break the world into "plural images"? 10:48 The clockwork universe: God as the prime mover and the eternal rules of motion 13:13 The subject-object split: when nature becomes something to be conquered 20:55 The cost of reductionism: from "first principles" to the myth of internet "scalability" 26:53 Lippmann's Public Opinion: unpacking the "pseudo-environment" in our heads 30:34 Plato's allegory of the cave: when shadows replace the real, why do we refuse to step out? 38:39 Spatial perception: why is New York both heaven and hell, depending on the body? 45:31 Against ocularcentrism: the sensory limits hidden in the metaphor of "image" 49:56 The politics of Avatar: pre-modern sacred order vs. modern governance 58:59 Why does the world suddenly feel like a "slapdash operation"? 1:08:43 How America's constitutional system has run for 250 years on ambiguity 1:12:30 A hot take on law: judges, lawyers, conflicts of interest, and the AI challenge to legal writing 1:18:32 AI and epistemology: does the split between sources and viewpoints still hold? 1:23:00 The "progress" baked into algorithms: how tech companies manually correct AI's biases 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 主讲人： * 老赵：《选修课 Universus》主播 * 方可成：《实验室 Newslab Podcast》 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/podcast/60bc9bc72e2eec1ef1ca23ac]、《放晴早安》 [https://sunshine.fireside.fm/]主播 * Lokin：《美轮美换 The American Roulette》 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/podcast/64ed5a21cac4cc8d15e25bd1]主播 * 仁慈：《残言片语 Disabled Talks》 [https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/podcast/6730c7f1f373fe5d4d29dd0a]主播 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：universuspod@gmail.com If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: universuspod@gmail.com

022  大卫翁：如何用资产配置眼光做人生选择 Life as a Portfolio

【聊了什么 The What】 你是“债券”还是“期权”？重新定义你的职场与生活价值。如果你正处于转行、跳槽或地理跨越的十字路口，这期节目将为你提供一套全新的坐标系。 主讲人大卫翁挑战了传统的“找好工作”思维，提出职业选择本质上是人生最大的一次资产配置。节目深度拆解了人力资本的三个类型：无惊无喜但稳定的“债券型”、随行业起伏的“股票型”，以及九死一生却有爆发力的“期权型”。 为什么程序员应该多买债？为什么自由职业者需要更厚的流动垫？大卫翁还特别针对北美听众探讨了“签证身份”这一单点故障的应对策略。 通过建立家庭的“三张表”，我们将学习如何在人性与理性的拉扯中，做出更高容错率的决策。 Are you a "bond" or an "option"? A new framework for thinking about work and life.If you're standing at a crossroads — changing careers, switching jobs, or moving across borders — this episode offers a new coordinate system to navigate it. Our guest David Weng pushes back on the conventional pursuit of "a good job" and reframes career choices as the single biggest asset allocation decision of your life. He breaks down three types of human capital: the steady, no-surprises bond; the stock that rises and falls with its industry; and the high-risk, high-reward option that pays off only when it hits. Why should engineers hold more bonds? Why do freelancers need a thicker liquidity cushion? David also speaks directly to listeners in North America about how to manage visa status as a single point of failure in your life portfolio. By building out a family's "three financial statements," we learn how to make decisions with a higher margin of error — even when reason and human nature are pulling in opposite directions. 【时间轴 The When 】 01:23 - 核心视角：人力资产是每个人最重要的潜在资产 05:19 - 真实案例：从IPO取消看互联网中产的资产脆弱性 11:13 - 听友画像：海外科技行业从业者的金融与身份困境 18:48 - 逻辑构建：如何像管理公司财务报表一样管理人生 21:02 - 三种人力资本：政府/科研机构（债券）、跨国企业（股票）、创业/自由职业（期权） 33:07 - 职业抉择：重新定义“好工作”及其变现成本 45:22 - 从金融高管到自由博主的个人“再平衡”实践 51:57 - 择偶与风险预算：为何共同语言可能带来高相关性风险 56:47 - 地理位置即曝光（Exposure）：身份签证、汇率与行业机会的取舍 1:08:07 - 价值重估：海外背景在当下中国的溢价与世界观重塑 1:100:50 - 在不确定性中建立冗余与安全边际 01:23 — Core Premise: Human Capital Is Your Most Important Underlying Asset 05:19 — Case Study: A Canceled IPO and the Fragility of the Tech Middle Class 11:13 — Listener Profile: Overseas Tech Workers, Finances, and Visa Status 18:48 — Building the Framework: Managing Your Life Like a Company's Financials 21:02 — Three Types of Human Capital: Government & Academia (Bonds), Multinationals (Stocks), Startups & Freelance (Options) 33:07 — Career Decisions: Redefining a "Good Job" and the Cost of Cashing Out 45:22 — From Finance Executive to Independent Creator: A Personal Rebalancing 51:57 — Partner Selection and Risk Budgeting: Why Shared Background Can Mean Correlated Risk 56:47 — Geography as Exposure: Visas, Exchange Rates, and Industry Trade-offs 1:08:07 — Revaluation: How Overseas Experience Is Repriced in Today's China 1:10:50 — Building Redundancy and Margin of Safety in an Uncertain World 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 主讲人： * 大卫翁：“起朱楼宴宾客”公众号及播客主理人，《资产配置行动指南》作者，哥伦比亚大学新闻学院访问学者。特许金融分析师（CFA）持证人，2024第一财经“年度财经思想者”行业新锐。逾十五年金融从业经验，曾任中资头部投行董事总经理，以及国家主权基金投资经理等职。 * David Weng: David Weng is the founder of 起朱楼宴宾客, a leading Chinese-language podcast and Substack-style newsletter on finance and investing, and the author of A Practical Guide to Asset Allocation. He is a Visiting Scholar at the Columbia Journalism School and a CFA charterholder, and was named a "Financial Thought Leader of the Year — Rising Voice" by Yicai (China Business Network) in 2024. He brings over fifteen years of experience in finance, having previously served as Managing Director at one of China's leading investment banks and as Investment Manager at a sovereign wealth fund. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：universuspod@gmail.com If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: universuspod@gmail.com

021 林三土：什么是民主？Political Philosophy 101: What is Democracy

【聊了什么 The What】 还记得你在大学的时候，第一次听到一场酣畅淋漓的政治哲学讲座的感觉吗？本期节目，学者林垚带我们深入自由这个复杂概念的底层逻辑。 如果说“各行其是的自由”保障了个体的独立，那么“共行其是的自由”则考验着共同体的智慧。选民的“无知”是民主的终点吗？面对日益严重的民粹主义和假新闻泛滥，我们是否需要某种“选民资格考试”？为什么“贤能政治”往往沦为规训工具？为什么看似公平的“抽签制”实际上削弱了人的自由能动性？ Remember the feeling of hearing your first electrifying political philosophy lecture in college? In this episode, scholar Lin Yao takes us deep into the underlying logic of that complex concept: freedom. If "the freedom to each go their own way" safeguards individual independence, then "the freedom to walk together" tests the wisdom of the community. Is voter "ignorance" the death knell of democracy? In the face of escalating populism and the flood of fake news, do we need some kind of "voter qualification exam"? Why does "meritocracy" so often degenerate into a tool of disciplinary control? Why does the seemingly fair "lottery system" actually erode human agency and freedom? 【时间轴 The When 】 * 01:14 - 定义：民主是共同体在争辩与协商中的动态过程 * 09:00 - 贤能政治与新儒家：历史上的儒家士大夫统治反思 * 12:39 - 方法论：为什么不能用理想化的贤能政治对比非理想的民主 * 19:53 - 选民资格考试的陷阱：历史上的种族隔离与政治规训 * 33:35 - 民主非数人头：探讨决策理由的代表性与正当性 * 41:10 - 法律适用 vs 政治管理：陪审团模式与治国的差异 * 51:59 - 地方媒体的掏空：社交媒体算法下的信息环境劣质化 * 56:33 - 政治表达 vs 言论自由：金钱政治在美国法律框架下的演变 * 63:41 - 哈贝马斯与罗尔斯之争：程序正义与实质不平等的对抗 * 73:35 - 杜维尔热法则：美国单选区多数制与两党制的必然性 * 79:22 - 杰利蝾螈与社会选择悖论：制度如何扭曲民意 * 92:45 - 最高法院神话：终身制法官的政治筛选与制衡失效 * 101:06 - 承认自由内在的风险，作为人的可错性声明 * 01:14 — Definition: Democracy as a community's dynamic process of debate and negotiation * 09:00 — Meritocracy and New Confucianism: Reflections on historical rule by Confucian scholar-officials * 12:39 — Methodology: Why we can't compare an idealized meritocracy against a non-ideal democracy * 19:53 — The trap of voter qualification tests: Historical racial segregation and political discipline * 33:35 — Democracy is not just counting heads: Examining the representativeness and legitimacy of decision-making rationales * 41:10 — Legal application vs. political administration: The difference between the jury model and governing a state * 51:59 — The hollowing out of local media: Information environment degradation under social media algorithms * 56:33 — Political expression vs. freedom of speech: The evolution of money politics within the U.S. legal framework * 63:41 — The Habermas–Rawls debate: Procedural justice versus substantive inequality * 73:35 — Duverger's Law: The inevitability of two-party systems under U.S. single-member-district plurality voting * 79:22 — Gerrymandering and the social choice paradox: How institutions distort the popular will * 92:45 — The Supreme Court myth: Political filtering of life-tenured justices and the failure of checks and balances * 101:06 — Acknowledging the risks inherent in freedom — as a declaration of human fallibility 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 主讲人： * 林垚，政治学、哲学、法学学者，高校教师，公众号“林三土”，播客“时差”、“催稿拉黑”，2024年出版文集《空谈》 * Lin Yao, scholar of political science, philosophy, and law; university faculty member; author of the WeChat public account "林三土"; host of the podcasts "时差" and "催稿拉黑"; published essay collection Empty Talk (《空谈》) in 2024. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：universuspod@gmail.com If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: universuspod@gmail.com

020 林三土：什么是自由？Political Philosophy 101: What is Freedom

【聊了什么 The What】 还记得你在大学的时候，第一次听到一场酣畅淋漓的政治哲学讲座的感觉吗？本期节目，学者林垚带我们深入自由这个复杂概念的底层逻辑。 我们常挂在嘴边的“自由”究竟指代什么？是仅仅拥有选项，还是必须免受他人干预？想做自己想做的事”就叫自由吗？如果这种冲动只是被欲望驱使的“低级自我”呢？为什么自由会有「形式」与「实质」之分？为什么有人认为听从「哲人王」的教导才是真正的自由？归根结底，我们真的需要“自由” 这个东西吗？ Do you remember the feeling the first time you heard a truly exhilarating political philosophy lecture in college? In this episode, scholar Lin Yao takes us deep into the underlying logic of that complex concept: freedom. What does "freedom" — a word we throw around constantly — actually mean? Is it merely having options, or must it also mean freedom from interference by others? Does "being able to do what you want" count as freedom? What if that impulse is just your "lower self" being driven by desire? Why is there a distinction between "formal" and "substantive" freedom? Why do some argue that following the guidance of a "philosopher-king" is actually the truest form of freedom? And ultimately — do we even need "freedom" as a concept at all? 【时间轴 The When 】 * 00:00 - 日常生活中的自由直觉：救命，我被短视频绑架了 * 08:50 - 哲人王与道德律：自由概念在思想史上的困境 * 10:16 - 形式自由与实质自由的争论 * 12:38 - 消极自由与积极自由：从康德到伯林的名词演变 * 18:08 - 麦卡伦的三元表达式：主体、障碍与目标 * 27:36 - 查尔斯·泰勒的回应：机会概念与行使概念 * 36:30 - 女权主义视角：赫希曼谈自由背后的人格想象 * 45:30 - 菲利普·佩迪特：作为“免于支配”的新共和主义自由观 * 51:42 - 林垚的视角：个行其是的自由与共行其是的自由 * 67:16 - 现场问答：从演化论视角看人类的社会性与自由 * 00:00 - Everyday intuitions about freedom: Help, I've been hijacked by short-form videos * 08:50 - The philosopher-king and moral law: the困境 predicament of freedom in the history of ideas * 10:16 - The debate between formal freedom and substantive freedom * 12:38 - Negative liberty vs. positive liberty: the evolution of terminology from Kant to Berlin * 18:08 - MacCallum's triadic formula: agent, constraint, and goal * 27:36 - Charles Taylor's response: the opportunity-concept vs. the exercise-concept * 36:30 - A feminist perspective: Hirschman on the vision of personhood underlying freedom * 45:30 - Philip Pettit: the neo-republican conception of freedom as non-domination * 51:42 - Lin Yao's perspective: freedom as individual self-governance vs. freedom as collective self-governance * 67:16 - Live Q&A: an evolutionary perspective on human sociality and freedom 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 主讲人： * 林垚，政治学、哲学、法学学者，高校教师，公众号“林三土”，播客“时差”、“催稿拉黑”，2024年出版文集《空谈》 * Lin Yao, scholar of political science, philosophy, and law; university faculty member; author of the WeChat public account "林三土"; host of the podcasts "时差" and "催稿拉黑"; published essay collection Empty Talk (《空谈》) in 2024. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：universuspod@gmail.com If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: universuspod@gmail.com